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Population policies for china
What has China done to address the issue of overpopulation
Population of Japan distribution
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This paper will discuss the current situations regarding population growth and the resulting population issues, as well as what policies have been implementing to overcome population issues in China, India, and Japan.
China currently has over 1.3 billion people (1,355,692,576 as of 2014), making China the most populous country in the world. The worlds current population is approximately 7.1 billion, this means that China makes up almost 20% of the world’s population therefore, one in every five people in the world resides in China.
In the 1970s, China experienced an increase in population, which led politicians and population planners to bring about a way to reduce the family size and slow down this increasing population rate. China's fertility rate is 1.7, meaning, each woman gives birth to 1.7 children throughout her life. The necessary total fertility rate for a stable population is 2.1. This attributes to immigration and a decrease in infant mortality and a decrease in death rate as national health improves.
This led China to implement the one-child policy, a policy that has reviled itself as being successful in controversial and statistical terms of this implementation. This policy was strict in ways of forcing abortions, infanticide, and strict penalties. However, rural areas of China heavily populated by ethnic minorities have seen less enforcement of this policy, allowing two and three children allowed per couple. China widely practices the use of contraception in order to reduce the amount of pregnancies and births. Chinas one-child policy states, "One is best, two at most, but never a third."
As population has doubled over the past 50 years, China's agriculture, energy supplies, urban infrastructure, education, a...
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...rs near train stations.
The overall goal to these plans was for the Japanese population to have more children due to the low fertility rate of 1.23 today. The constant decrease in population will cause future economic and social issues for Japan such as allocate a lot more money on pensions, nursing homes and other programs to help the elderly as well as a labor shortage.
Another policy recently implemented is the “Plus One Proposal,” which is directed towards encouraging families to grow by “plus one.” The plan aims to create parent-friendly working conditions, with funds that will allow for the construction of 50,000 new day-care facilities.
However, with many of these policies put into place Japan’s economic status leaves women little to no choice but to work, therefore many of these women are working longer and not getting married and having many children.
One of the top contributing factors is China’s constant population growth. People have tried to speak up about this issue, as stated
..., manga, anime, virtual lives, socializing, vacationing, etc. It’s not that the Japanese people have resolved to avoid sexual contact, but it is the case that many young people are finding gratification elsewhere. Declining birth rates are likely due to the fact that people have more choices now – even in Japan – than they did before the 1970s when this decline first started. Japanese women see the choices open to people in more liberal countries like the US, and are making those choices too. Also, the availability of a broad range of birth control methods that made it simple and easy to defer pregnancy kind of coincides with the start of this decline. I think the decline is more a reflection of the choices a modern society provides, and the consequences of those choices in decisions to focus on career first and family later. We see this in most developed nations.
In the 1950s the People’s Republic of China first implemented the beginnings of the one child policy. It made significant changes to the population and the nation’s growth rate decreased. Professor Yinchu Ma (1957) initiated the policy with his book New Population Theory. His book responded to the huge increase in population growth occurring in China (Singer 1998). Under the Mao republic, leaders saw the population development as a danger to the nation’s economy (White 1994). The political party promoted childbirth in the 1950s and 1960s according to the slogan “one is a good few, two is just enough, and three is over” (White 1994). However these efforts were not successful and there were 250 million additional people in the 1970s. More steps were taken to encourage population control. These steps included focusing on contraceptive and abortion services in the countryside and encouraging later marriages. In 1982 the Chinese population was over one billion and the growth rate made China’s modernization goals more difficult.
After the People’s Republic of China was established several factors such as improved sanitation and medicine led to a rapid population increase. Initially, the population growth was considered to be an economic boom [2] because before it occurred the county had faced a century of wars and epidemics. However, by 1962, China started to promote the use of birth control. Later, in 1979 China was faced with a population that was growing out of control[3], and the government decided that in order to combat the extreme population that they needed to take action. Thus, the Chinese government decided to implement a one child policy.
By 1980, although the birthrate in China has fallen to below 3 children per family, it was believed by a new regime of Chinese leaders which included Deng Xiao Ping, that forced and restricted population growth would lead to greater economic prosperity. This coercive policy influenced the family of the Chinese citize...
Feng Wang and Cai Yong stated that the fertility rate was already declining and the policy wasn’t necessary for the Chinese people, especially because the enormous costs. The fertility rate, which is the number of children the average woman has in her lifetime, in China started at 2.7 in 1979 and decreased to 1.7 in 2008. The article “China’s One Child Policy at 30” argued that the policy did not need to be introduced in China because the rates were already lower than Brazil at 4.2 and Thailand at
Japan became the second largest economy in the world as they took control of many aspects of the world economy. The specialization and monopoly of certain sectors of the world economy led to a decrease in priority on a number of other economic sectors, leaving very few people involved in the agricultural sector. The extensive growth of the 1980s led to a population boom in Japan, in which millions escaped from poverty under a semi-socialist system which used its world monopolies to inject high amounts of money into its own society. This exasperated Japan’s already serious overpopulation issues, as Japan, a relatively small island nation with a majority of its environment comprised of mountains, was now expected to house more than 130 million citizens.
In China if families have too many children they are forced to have abortions. Women are drugged and put out of their misery in order to give up their baby. The government’s punishment to these women is horrid, traumatizing and no girl should be forced to go through this. Nora Sullivan from life news says the one-child policy was instated in 1979 and authorities claim that the law prevented around 400 million births from 1979 to 2011.
In order to solve the overpopulation issue, the government should pay great attention to it. Some policies, such as “ One China policy”, have already been made in China. They have already paid off. For instance, in 1994, the natural growth rate was 11.21‰, but in 1999 it was only 8.77‰ (SFPCC statics). However, China still has a long way to go in this aspect, for the overpopulation is still serious now, just like what have been mentioned in the previous paragraphs.
China has 3.748 million square miles (or 9.707 million square kilometers). As a whole, China only has a population density of 139.6 people per square kilometer, or 363.3 people per square mile. Due to the large area of land, this results China to has a huge population.
Huen, Yuki W.P. “Policy Response to Declining Birth Rate in Japan: Formation of a ‘Gender-Equal’ Society.” San Francisco State University. online.sfsu.edu, 11 Sep. 2007. Web. 1 Mar. 2014.
Over population has been a global issue for decades. Medical advances have made it possible for people to live longer and have multiple births, which are just some of the factors contributing to this social problem. Many countries have attempted to battle this issue, but none as intensely as China. China allows the government to have full control over family planning to help reduce the population. In 1979 China created a policy called the "One Child Law" which limits couples to only one child. Although the Chinese government hopes to curb the population boom and benefit society, the One Child Policy has morally questionable results, negative impacts on Chinese society, which should be changed.
China's development is praised by the whole world. Its developments are not only in the economic aspect, but also in its foreign affairs. Compared to other developed countries, China is a relatively young country. It began constructing itself in 1949. After 30 years of growth, company ownership has experienced unprecedented changes.
During the rein of Mao Tse-tung China’s population was almost at one million. Mao allowed couples to have as many children as they please because to him, “of all the things in the world people are the most precious.”(Fitzpatrick 2). As the as the population continued to grow the government became concerned and decided that population control was necessary in order to remain able to support the citizens of China. Furthermore, the government feared there would not be enough food to upkeep residents. The next leader, Deng Xioping, created the “One Child Policy” therefore preventing families from having more than one child. On September 25th 1980 the policy was instituted. Subsequently this law has prohibited children and parents the experience of having a big family.
Especially in poor countries, it is a lot harder for women to jump into the workforce, and even harder for a poor country to become industrialized. For example, in Bangladesh, one of the world's poorest countries, birth rates have decreased from seven children per family to only 5.5. This is largely because forty percent of Bangladesh's women now take part in some form of family planning. The New International Economic Order, known as the NIEO, has also taken steps to decrease the amount of poverty in the world and hopefully eliminate the large gap between the rich and the poor in the world.