Ion Exchange chromatography: Ion exchange chromatography is a unique technique for effective separation of ions, amino acids, peptides, nucleotide and nucleic acids etc. This technique is widely used in the pre-fractionation or purification of a target protein from crude biological samples. It is used for separation of polar/charged/hydrophilic molecules. We can separate macromolecules like proteins, amino acid or nucleotides through ion chromatography. Mobile phase and liquid phase can be of different
Using Ion Exchange Chromatography, cellulase was purified. After purification, it was analyzed using a DNS test. The purified protein did not respond to the DNS the way it was expected to. Introduction: Purifying proteins is an important part of biology because it can help identify the function of that protein. Once a protein’s function has been identified, it can be manipulated to see how the function would change if the protein was changed. A common way to purify a protein is through Ion Exchange
Ion exchange resin (Amberlyst 36) was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (total pore volume 0.20 mL/g). According to the information offered by the supplier, the average pore diameter and surface area of the resin are about 240 Å and 33 m2/g, respectively. Pt/C (Sigma-Aldrich, 5wt% loading) was used for the consecutive hydrodeoxygenation reaction. 2.2. Fast pyrolysis of yellow poplar Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) was ground, passed through a 0.5 mm sieve, and pyrolyzed. Fast pyrolysis was accomplished
Adsorption chromatography Adsorption chromatography utilizes the principle of differing in strength of adsorption of gas or liquid solutes (also known as mobile phase) onto column material (also known as stationary phase) by non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen or hydrophobic interactions. Separation is achieved by a series of adsorption and desorption of mobile phase solutes. Those with lower affinity and adsorption to stationary phase move faster and eluted out first while those with greater adsorption
conditions. If AP was in a fragment, the yellow tint shown would indicate such. The experiment was performed using mutated E. coli, cell lysis, two centrifugations, two dialysis processes, heat denaturation, salting out via ammonium sulfate, anion exchange chromatography, and spot testing. By following these procedures, one should be able to obtain a lot of purified alkaline phosphatase and should see a yellow tint during the spot test.
conducted by migration of ions - negative ones from the Anode (positive electrode), and positive ones to the Cathode (negative electrode). Reactions take place at the electrodes by transfer of electrons in the direction of the current. In this case, copper electrodes in a copper sulphate solution are used. In the electrolysis of copper, copper atoms in the Anode become copper ions by losing electrons which go into the circuit. Cu - 2e à Cu The positive ions are attracted to the negative
Most of the properties depends upon some defects like vacancies, dislocations, stacking faults, grain boundaries et... ... middle of paper ... ...gnetic. This new magnetic state stems from the fact that the spins are interacting by the double exchange interaction. Subsequently the insulating state changes to semiconductor. Furthermore, the general concept is that ferromagnetic materials favours metalicity. The materials with perovskite structure have numerous studies in last decade. Their structure
When living in an area with colder climates, icy roads can become a large and prominent issue. In 2009 in the United States alone, 477 people were killed in ice-related motor accidents (Icy Road Fatality Statistics, icyroadsafety.com). To battle the danger of driving in these conditions, the solution of de-icing the roadways with salt has become a widespread method for preventing accidents. This is because salt is used to melt the ice and snow and keep it from refreezing. The salt works by decreasing
Ionic bonds are existent between metal and non metal atoms. They are formed by the exchange of electrons which forms charged particles called ions. Metal atoms usually use their outer electrons when they react with other substances. This results in a sodium particle which has more protons than electrons. The number of protons remains unchanged. This new particle has a positive charge and is described as a sodium ion. In the sodium atom there is an extra electron provided which may cpmbone with a non
able to pick up an electrical shock when he touched both ends simultaneously. A real battery cell had been constructed in 1836 by John Frederick Daniell, who used zinc and copper. A strip of each metal was dipped in a solution of its own kind of metal ion. The two strips were connected by a wire and the two solutions were connected by a porous ceramic tubing filled with salt water, which was the salt bridge (In Chemistry, What is a Salt
plasma membranes, and allow transport of ions, signalling molecules and nutrients. These channels are referred to as gap junctions, its function determined by the type of connexin proteins that forms the channel as it affects the size and transport of certain molecules. In total there are 21 different connexin proteins. In particular the gap junction beta 2 (GJB2 gene), also known as connexin 26 creates gap junctions made specifically to pass potassium ions and other small cytoplasmic molecules to
This is evidence that chlorophyll absorbs light for photosynthesis. The Light and Dark Reaction 1) The light reaction light 6H2O→12H + 3O2 Light splits water into hydrogen ions and oxygen. 2) The dark reaction enzymes 12H + 6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 3O2 Glucose is then formed from the hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide. (This reaction does not occur in the dark). Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis The Light Reaction Chlorophyll can split more water molecules at higher
Abstract: Osmosis is a physical phenomenon that has been studied by scientists of various disciplines of science and engineering. Osmosis is a natural equilibrium process and forward osmosis is one of many types of osmosis processes. It works by having two solutions with different concentrations separated by a selectively permeable membrane and ‘pure’ water flows from less concentrated solution across the membrane to dilute the more concentrated solution, leaving the salts behind. The clue in the
Experiment on: Chromium (III) Complexes Objectives The experiment was carried out in order to synthesize cis-disaquabis(oxalato) chromate (III) dihydrate, a substituted complex and potassium tris(oxalato)chromate (III) trihydrate, investigate their properties as coordination complexes and to observe their reactions in aqueous acid, base and salt. Introduction Coordination compounds such as those synthesised in the experiments carried out are composed on ligands and metal centres. The metal centre
no, I was not getting up that day. I had just finished the worst school week of my life. If we zoom back to that time two years ago, I was a 14 year old foreign exchange student in southern Germany. Bullying from the kids in school had made my homesickness unbearable. But that’s not all. I eventually became so anxious throughout my exchange that I chewed all the skin around my nails, gained 15 pounds, and finally, had to book my flight back home January 1st. But there were others having problems, too
membranes are of special interest to us. This is because they have a number of important functions. Proteins function as: • Carriers for water-soluble molecules (such as glucose) • Channels for ions (such as sodium and chloride ions) • Pumps, which use energy to move water-soluble molecules and ions • Receptors, which enable hormones and nerve transmitters to bind to specific cells • Recognition sites, which identify a cell as being of a particular type • Enzymes, which speed up chemical
Percent Composition Lab Introduction The percentage of something is very important in everyday life. For example, a farmer would want to know the percentage of nutrients in a fertilizer they are using. In spring, the farmer may want to use a fertilizer that has a high percentage of nitrogen, because it "greens” plants. In the fall, the farmer may want to use a fertilizer that has a higher percentage of potassium, because it strengthens the root systems of plants. A way to find the percentage of nutrients
utilized the ability for the iodide ion to become oxidized by the persulphate ion. Our general reaction can be described as: (NH4)2S2O8 + 2KI Ã I2 + (NH4)2SO4 + K2SO4 (1a) However, we know that in an aqueous solution, all of these compounds except iodine will dissociate into their ionic components. Thus we can rewrite the equation in a more convenient manner: S2O82- + 2I- Ã I2 + 2SO42- (1b) It is important however to note that the NH4 and K ions are still in the solution, they are
Hydration energies increase with increasing charge and decreasing anion size. As with cations, if the interaction between the anion and the hydrogen of the water is sufficiently strong, the hydrogen can be removed from the water generating a hydroxide ion resulting in a basic solution. MOxy- + H2O [MO(x-1)OH](y-1)- + OH- The equilibrium constant for this reaction is the base ionization constant, Kb. Base ionization constants are tabulated as pKbs. Successive ionizations are listed as pKb1, pKb2
Investigating Temperature Change when Different Volumes of Acid and Alkali are Mixed Prediction ========== My prediction is that the biggest temperature change will be when there are equal amounts of H+ ions and OH-, this is because create an optimum mixture for the ions to neutralise each other. Apparatus ========= v Empty plastic yoghurt cup v thermometer v Hydrochloric Acid v Sodium Hydroxide v Two measuring cylinders [IMAGE] Diagram =======