Ricin is a chemical substance that was used in killing targeted individuals during the Cold War. The chemical was first developed in the United States and United Kingdom, but it was widely used in other countries like Bulgaria. The substance can kill individuals exposed to it through ingestion, inhalation and injections. Among the victims of ricin assassination includes Georgi Markov who was one of the rebels of the former communist regime. Ricin was also used as a weapon that targeted government
chromatography/mass spectrometry is used to test hair and urine samples of possible drug abusers or job applicants, and it is the best method for the testing of drug use. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry are two different methods for identifying chemical substances, and the two instruments have be coupled together to perform a highly complementary analytical function. The gas chromatograph and the mass spectrometer have theories behind how their techniques work, and specific forensic applications for their
part of a solution that is usually present in the largest amount and dissolves a solute.A solution is a mixture containing a solvent and at least one solute that has the same properties throughout; a mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another. The solubility of a substance depends on the used solvent and the temperature and pressure. Solubility results from simultaneous and opposing dissolution and phase joining.To dissolve is to break into smaller pieces.Even if something’s dissolved, the
1. How industries produce sugar from a sugar cane? Are there multiple ways? Where does it come from? What are the steps? Industries have many different methods of producing sugar from sugar canes. Firstly, Industries buy sugar canes from the various countries and send the canes to a sawmill. Thirdly, the sawmill grinds the sugar cane. Then, the industry boils the sugar cane juice until it turns into syrup. Then the syrup is run through a centrifuge, which removes molasses from the top of the syrup
digestive system. Octane with chemical formula C8H18/CH3(CH2)6CH3, molecular mass: 114.22, boiling point :126, melting point : -56.8, Subject no.1262 has many dangers and side effects on workers and firefighters. Therefore, we'll be discussing methods and ways to prevent the hazards that can be caused by the substance. The chemical has colorless liquid, with characteristic odor. A harmful contamination of the air will be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20'C. To begin with, the first
balance, the tray must to be clean and free of water or dirt, this machine is very accurate and precise. In the use of the flask and beaker, those should be cleaned before and after the use, that is how we avoid and create accidents for unknow chemicals or substances that were used before in the containers. Starting with the procedure, first is determine the mass for each balance in use, then record all the necessary data of that.
For years on end, chemistry has and is continuing to aid humans in formulating matter into substances which can better the lives of all; In today’s world, many of our household consumer products contain hundreds of these chemicals to assist in the product’s efficiency. One commonly found chemical in industrial, commercial and pharmaceutical fields is polyethylene glycol. In North America, constipation is considered one of the most prevalent digestive complaints; a study showed that over 63 million
the effects this industry has on inner health. These consequences have potentially deadly implications for those who are exposed to the chemicals present in many popular services offered by salons. Those especially at risk and who suffer from an array of negative health conditions are the beauticians and salon workers who suffer long-term exposure as these chemicals are breathed in and absorbed through the skin through the course of the workday. It’s no wonder that cancers, upper respiratory complications
Fiber is a threadlike material that can be found in a natural or manmade form. Natural fibers derive from various animals, plants and can even be produced by insects. These fibers have been in use since prehistoric times and are currently produced today. The most common natural fibers used are linen, wool, silk and cotton. They have been woven together to create fabrics for clothing and other items. A natural protein fiber, called wool, was discovered before 10,000 B.C.E. and woven into cloth by
In the year of 3,000 B.C. man showed his first interest in Chemistry. The first known person was a woman who created perfumes from different substances. During this time Chemistry was more of an art than a substance. In the next paragraph I will tell you what society was like before technology was added to Chemistry. What chemically natural resources limited and advanced the process of technology being added to Chemistry. How adding the technology has affected our society. And how I think it will
was influenced in science at the age of 14 after travelling and studies in Europe. He returns from Europe in 1644 and he was very interest in science by then. He builds his laboratory in Oxford and London and starts his research. He studies nature chemical and natural color, and he was the first person to publish his work in detail. Boyle studied the behavior of the volume of gas and the pressure and state that if the volume of a gas decrease, the pressure increase. ... ... middle of paper ...
several experiment conducted including solubility test, pH test, flame test, and ion test. Several materials including chemicals used throughout experiment and will be described through paragraphs. Solubility test was used to determine if unknown white compound was soluble in water. To conduct the solubility test, many materials were used such as flask, glass rod, scale, and chemical used was unknown white compound. First, 0.25 gram of unknown white compound carefully measured on scale. Then, the
molecules in a certain area, this causes that area to weigh less (source 1). By weighing less, that mixture is able to move easier through different substances. For example, by the oil being heated and the food coloring being in the oil and water, the oil and food coloring are both able to “mingle” with each other (source 2). This contributes to the substance resembling “lava” in the lava lamp. The oil starts off being heavier than the water in the bottle, so when heat is added, the oil and water are
The Knorr Synthesis of Pyrroles Experimental A mixture of ethyl acetoacetate 1 (7.52 g, 7.5 mL) in glacial acetic acid (18 mL) was prepared and cooled to 5oC while stirring. Sodium nitrate solution (2.1 g in 5 mL deionised water) was added at such a rate that the temperature of reaction did not exceed 7oC. Once this addition was complete the mixture was stirred with cooling for 10 minutes before being allowed to warm to room temperature. Zinc dust (4.0 g) was added to the reaction mixture in
the solute would not have as much impact on the pure substance, p-xylene. This would raise the Kf value, bringing it closer to the solvent’s Kf. Another source of error resulting in the higher Kf could have resulted from contamination of the solvent or solute, given that it could introduce a polar substance or different molecules which would alter the hydrogen bonding. Using the previously calculated Kf, the molar masses of unknown substances A, C, and D were able to be calculated. However, given
Chapter 1 Design of Sand Filter and Glass Filter 2.1 Sand Filter 2.1.1 What is Sand Filter? For a reverse osmosis process the slow sand filters are most effective single pre-treatment for the industrial waste water. Sand filter is used a sand with a different size of a sand which is place layer by layer in a drum. The sand filter is generally used for to remove a order, Colour, Dissolved solid particles, Turbidity, organic materials and bacteria. Due to a law filter rate the waste water retain
4. List the steps in the systematic procedure for miniscale recrystallization, briefly explaining the purpose of each step. -Selection of solvent – The correct solvent must be selected to form a product of high purity and in good recovery. The solvent must fit some criteria. The desired compound should be soluble in the hot solvent but insoluble in the cold solvent. The impurities should be insoluble in all temperatures of the solvent or slightly soluble in a cold solvent. The boiling point of the
In chemistry and in physics, the movement of particles becomes very important. One way in which particles move is through effusion. The formula for the rate of effusion of gas molecules was developed by a chemist by the name of Thomas Graham in the 19th century. December 21, 1805�September 16, 1869. Thomas Graham was born in December of 1805 in Glasgow, Scotland. His father was a workman who desired that his son enter the Church of Scotland. However, Graham became a student at the
In this experiment my lab partner and I collected an unknown sample (sample A) and performed a series of tests and analyses to determine the chemical composition of the unknown. One of our learning goals was to practice performing the basics of analyzing an unknown; this entails measuring boiling point, melting point, and noting its physical properties (color, smell, etc.) In addition to this, we also practiced reading basic spectra, looking at and interpreting test results, synthesizing derivatives
were directly exposed to the chemical also stood a risk of giving birth to children who were deformed and had health issues. Workers were mostly affected by asthma, intense diarrhea and bleeding. Despite all this, if DuPont had used the Pentad approach they could have created a more systematic change, this change could have assisted in coming up with ways to dispose of the chemicals in addition to creating safety measures for their workers when handling this chemical. The use of Pentad could have