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Sampling techniques and data analysis
Sampling techniques and data analysis
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Introduction In this lab, eight unidentified mineral samples are the subject of observation and experimentation. The purpose of this lab is to identify the samples based on the observations and experimentation. This paper will identify each of the samples and briefly discuss each one. Mineral A - Kaolinite Kaolinite, composed of hydrated aluminum silicate, is the result of “sedimentary rocks whose sediments were derived from weathered igneous and metamorphic rocks” (Schroeder, 2013). Much like talc, it is white in color. It differs from talc in that it has pale yellow coloring. Not quite as soft as talc, kaolinite scratches very easily. The uses for kaolinite include paper, ceramics and cosmetics. Mineral B - Olivine Olivine is not a single mineral but rather a mineral series. By definition, a mineral series contains multiple elements that have the ability to substitute for one another but leave the crystal structure intact in the process. “n olivine, iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) do this, so the Olivine Series has two end members. Favalite is the iron-rich version, while forsterite is the magnesium-rich version, although any combination of magnesium and iron is possible” (UM, n.d.). This sample much like quartz and its glass-like feel and appearance and difficulty to scratch, was easy to identify as not being quartz. The olive green color of this sample made it stand out from quartz. Gemstones and brick making are among the uses for olivine. Mineral C - Malachite Malachite with its green color, light green streak, dull appearance and ease in scratching all helped to identify this sample. The mineral is a copper carbonate mineral “that forms at shallow depths within the Earth, in the oxidizing zone above copper depo... ... middle of paper ... .... Hornblende. A common rock-forming mineral found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Retrieved from http://geology.com/minerals/hornblende.shtml King, H. (2013). What is malachite? Retrieved from http://geology.com/minerals/malachite.shtml King, H. (2013). What is quartz? Retrieved from http://geology.com/minerals/quartz.shtml Schroeder, P. (2013). Kaolin. Retrieved from http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/science-medicine/kaolin University of Auckland (UA). (2005). Magnetite. Retrieved from http://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/minerals/magnetite.html University of Minnesota (UM). (n.d.). Hematite. Oxides Mineral Class. Retrieved from http://www.geo.umn.edu/courses/1001/minerals/hematite.shtml University of Minnesota (UM). (n.d.). Olivine Group. Orthosilicate. Retrieved from http://www.geo.umn.edu/courses/1001/minerals/olivine.shtml
The purpose of the Unknown White Compound Lab was to identify the unknown compound by performing several experiments. Conducting a solubility test, flame test, pH paper test, ion test, pH probe test, conductivity probe test, and synthesizing the compound will accurately identified the unknown compound. In order to narrow down the possible compounds, the solubility test was used to determine that the compound was soluble in water. Next, the flame test was used to compare the unknown compound to other known compounds such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium carbonate. The flame test concluded that the cation in the unknown compound was potassium. Following, pH paper was used to determine the compound to be neutral and slightly
Conclusion: In support of my hypothesis, it is found that the mystery powder is one of the five known compounds. Through experimenting the chemical reaction in spot plates, it is concluded that the mystery powder is icing sugar. It was fairly straightforward because we just have to see which substances matched the reaction of the mystery powder. All in all, my hypothesis is correct and through researching the interpretation, icing sugar is the mystery substance.
When standing on top of the butte, the rock that makes up a majority of the area is quartzite. Quartzite is a metamorphic rock that forms when existing rock is exposed to extreme amounts of heat and pressure (4). The quartzite that is found on Kamiak Butte was formed sometime around 1.47 to 1.4 billion years ago during the Paleozoic period of the Precambrian era. Many of the metamorphic rocks have been fractured and decayed due to physical and chemical weathering, but because quartzite consists of one of the strongest minerals quartz...
Riley, C.M. "Lahars." Geological and Mining Engineering Sciences. Michigan Tech. Web. 6 Feb. 2010. .
This sedimentary rock has hardened over the many years with sand shells, small pebbles, grains of sand and rocks of various sizes. In comparison to our 4.5 billion year old Earth, these sand shells might as well be brand new, when in reality they could be up to 1,000 years old. If the sandstone were to be replaced with calcite it would completely change the subclass of rock, it would then be chemical & organic limestone. The variation in sand stone is due to different rates of deposition and change in patterns of the sediment movement (Mc Knight, p. 384). These tightly compacted varying stones and shells will be weathered away by wind and waves over time and could eventually be reduced to a rock the size of your hand.
Basalt is a commonly occurring igneous rock. More specifically however, Basalt falls under the category of Mafic Rocks. Mafic rocks have a poor Silica content, approximately 50% (Charles, Diane, Lisa, 2010) and contain high concentrations of metal oxides. Basalt is a fine grained rock containing predominantly ferromagnesian minerals, followed by plagioclase feldspar. The colour of Basalt ranges from dark grey to black and is relatively featureless. See Fig 1.
Gypsum, an evaporite that accumulated when shallow inland seas got cut off from the oceans and evaporated out, is found in large quantities in Central and North Central parts of the state. Calcined gypsum, which has been heated in a kiln, is made into sheetrock and pllaster. Regular gypsum is used in Portland cement and as a fuel additive, amoung other things.
The following information will focus on the two substances forensic scientist use to identify and compare matter, whether a material is organic or inorganic. Evidence that will be used in a court trial will depend on the examination that forensic scientist processed in the laboratory. The importance of distinguishing between organic and inorganic material is a necessary step in the criminal justice process. The differences between organic and inorganic will be explained first, next will be to explain the strengths and weaknesses of each, and finally the significance of both as it relates to the justice system. Also, we will focus on soil as it relates to how specific evidence is used in each instance.
There are two types of igneous rocks intrusive and extrusive. The grain size of the rock is determined by the rate of which molten rock cools. Rapid cooling is small grains, and cooling slowly is large grains. The rock granite that I collected is an intrusive igneous rock. It is rich in silica. The granite solidifies slowly and has a course grained texture. The hardness of this rock is around a 7. There crystals are randomly arranged. Basalt is also an extrusive igneous rock. This texture of the rock is fine. It is dark with fine grains and forms from the flow of lava.
Steck-Flynn, K. (2009, September 20b). Analysis and collection of soil samples. Retrieved November 19, 2011, from Crime and Clues:
Ca(NO3)2 and Na2(C2O4) are combined to produce calcium oxalate stone samples. Next Ca(NO3) and sodium phosphate are utilized to synthesize calcium phosphate stone samples. For the synthesis of the calcium oxalate stones, 11 grams of Ca(NO3)2 is dissolved in 225mL of DI water. 8.00 grams of Na2(C2O4) is dissolved separately in 200mL of DI water. The two aqueous solutions were mixed separately in order to ensure their complete homogeneous transition. Once each solution is completely dissolved, the aqueous solutions of Ca(NO3)2 and Na2(C2O4) are mixed together to form the precipitate , which produces the Calcium oxalate stone
Rusisë. Para viteve 90’ ndëroji drejtimi ynë drejt mineraleve metalore, qymyrin. Ndërsa tani tendenca ka ndryshuar edhe më shumë duke shkuar drejt mineraleve jo metalore, drejt gurëve dekorativë, argjile, gipse, zhavorr, inerte etj. Vendburimet më të mëdha të kromit janë të vendosura në zonën e Brezit Lindor, të drejtimit Tropojë-Kukës-Bulqizë- Shebenik-Pogradecit(Fig. 2).Miniera e Bulqizës është një nga minierat më të rëndësishme dhe është një minierë e rrallë në llojin e saj me karakteristika të mira sasiore dhe cilësore por është relativisht e shfrytëzuar. Në zonën e brezit perëndimorë është identifikuar më pak zhvillimin në depozitat minerale të kromit.
Stone is a naturally occurring combination of minerals found in the outer solid layer of the earth. Stone is classified into three main categories:
The goal in mineral exploraion is to find imperious meatless. It’s what they call Ore. Ore is a mineral that have a lot of value. To find ore you want to identify target areas. Overtime narrow it down and pin point the ore of the minerals. The way geologists do this is first they would look at geological maps that show worth different rock types. Sometimes they use maps that people have already made. Geologist also uses geophysical maps to find out the different properties of rocks. Geologist use magnetic instruments to find out were magnetic rocks are. The rocks that have metal in them are magnetic. Gold and silver have different electrical signals then rocks without gold and silver.
Scientifically, Larimar or Blue Pectolite is unique in it's mineral and chemical make-up. Sodium calcium silicate with a copper ion is the chemical description of Larimar.