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The role of multinational corporations
The role of multinational corporations
International business ethical and legal issues
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Multinational Corporations
In order to stay competitive in the global market, Multinational corporations have continued to expand into newer markets. Being responsible and maintaining good relationships with host countries is vital to their success. Multinational Corporations have increased over the years but there are plenty of hurdles to overcome in terms of properly executing their strategy. Political relations between countries where MNCs operate should be stable to avoid problems with production, design and employee turnover. What’s important to keep in mind is that a Multinational corporation cannot be successful if they try to implement new ideas or products without proper research in the market where their products are being made. If a MRC in the U.S is doing business in Japan but tries to create a new technological product for Japan it would be wise to consult with engineers in Japan who are familiar with local trends and knowledge of the market before going ahead with production. That should be considered common sense but there are instances where products are pushed to a market with very little success because the proper research was not done. MRCs need to be more innovative so that they remain competitive in an always-changing global market.
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If a manager thinks that a practice is crossing the line ethically here in the U.S but not in another country he or she will run into problems that not only put that manager’s job in jeopardy but it puts the spotlight on the company as well. It could be perceived that managers from the United States tend to cross the line more than managers from other countries. The expectations to the manager should be very clear so there are no gray areas as to what is the proper way to conduct business. This is part of a company’s corporate social
On January 1st, 1994, a treaty that created the largest free trade area were signed into place by the trilateral of United States, Canada, and Mexico. NAFTA is a promise made by world’s most significant corporations claiming to create many high paying jobs and raise the standard of living in the US, Canada and Mexico. As we approach its 21st birthday, NAFTA now links 450 million people producing trillion dollars’ worth of goods and services each year. However, behind this seemingly good deal, it also created many underlying issues. Beginning with NAFTA giving corporation opportunities to move factories aboard to the lower-cost Mexico. Manufacturing aboard did not only outsourced American jobs, it also caused manufacturers that remained to lower
“Present two arguments for and two arguments against a U.S. company offshoring the management of its customer relationships to technical and managerial personnel in a less-developed country.”
Canadian companies are beginning to outsource more and more jobs outside of our borders to foreign countries. Outsourcing out of the country comes with a lot of benefits and risks for both the companies and the economy. There are a multitude of different jobs and services that can be outsourced; a few of the main ones include IT services, technical and customer support services, manufacturing, and legal services. Even though outsourcing saves companies a lot of money and makes it easier to keep your business running, it still poses a very large treat to our economy since it leaves Canadian citizens out of the job and instead gives them away to foreigners. Even with this problem however, I still strongly believe that outsourcing to other countries outside of Canada is a wise business decision and should be allowed to continue. I will demonstrate this belief by contrasting the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing outside of Canada.
Outsourcing is obtaining goods or services from a foreign supplier in place of going in the country for these things. There are many debated effects of outsourcing on the economy, and there are several pros and cons to this practice. Even though there are many pros, the overall economy of America would be better off with minimal outsourcing.
In my eyes, I consider the majority of Americans the little guys compared to big corporations like Apple, Walmart, General Electric, and Nike: Which make billions of dollars that we give them. When it comes to paying taxes in America the majority of people do pay theirs. Corporations make million and billions of dollars but do not pay their fair share like the rest of the American people. They make way more than they should because over time corporations have learned over time that they need congressmen to back them up and pass laws that create loopholes so they do not have to pay their 35% in taxes.
Outsourcing has been around for many years. In this paper I will discuss some of the history of outsourcing, the goods things about outsourcing, and the bad things about outsourcing.
Gilpin discussed the MNC’s evolution through the lenses of a number of business economic theories. Using Raymond Vernon’s Product Cycle Theory, the overseas expansion of American companies until the 1960s was shown as a means of preempting foreign competition and preserving monopoly positions, which was possible then because of the wealth and technology gaps that existed between the US and the rest of the world (282-83). Following the closing of such gaps, Dunning and the Reading School’s Eclectic Theory explained the next stage of the MNC’s evolution as propelled by the great leaps made in technology and communication, which made internationalized management both possible and viable (283). Michael Porter’s Strategy Theory, meanwhile, asserted that the MNC is now in the era of strategic management, wherein activities and capabilities spanning borders allow it to “tap into the value chain” in the most advantageous positions (285-85). Gilpin made an interesting point, however, that MNCs are oftentimes the result of market imperfections and unique corporate situations. In many instances, the decision to expand a firm’s operations in another country was a means of circumventing protectionist measures and trade barriers, or simply to curry favor with governments, as practiced by IBM (280...
“Exchange rates are the amount of one country’s currency needed to purchase one unit of another currency (Brealey 1999, p. 625)”. People wanting to exchange some money for their vacation trip will not be too much bothered with shifts if the exchange rates. However, for multinational companies, dealing with very large amounts of money in their transactions, the rise or fall of a currency can mean getting a surplus or a deficit on their balance sheets. What types of exchange rate risks do multinational companies face?
Globalization is a broad concept and the angle taken to define it can lead us to interpret the idea in many different ways. There is much controversy about what globalization actually means and many definitions fail to encompass social, cultural and technological exchanges between world systems. John Pilger suggests that "it is a jargon term which journalists and politicians have made fashionable which is often used in a positive sense to denote a 'Global village' of free trade, hi-tech marvels and all kinds of possibilities that transcend class, historical experience and ideology." (J.Pilger 1998:63). Taking a broader point of view, Bilton et al defines globalization as "The process whereby political, social, economic and cultural relations increasingly take on a global scale, and which has profound consequences for individuals, local experiences and everyday lives."
Ethical responsibilities are very important in the management field. Managers are in positions of authority, which makes them accountable for any and all ethical conduct throughout the company. With managers being in such high positions, they are held to high standards of ethical behavior. Managers are in charge of making sure employees are made aware of the company’s ethical codes and that they have the opportunity to ask questions to clarify their understanding. As a manager, it is very important that you understand and adhere to the ethical and legal obligations of your position in order to meet the expectations of all stakeholders, and to set an example of such behavior for others. Managers must go by both their own ethics and the
Nowadays, business is set in a global environment. Companies not only regard their locations or primary market bases, but also consider the rest of the world. In this context, more and more companies start to run multinational business in various parts of the world. In this essay, companies which run multinational business are to be characterized as multinational companies'. By following the globalization campaign, multinational companies' supply chains can be enriched, high costs work force can be transformed and potential markets can be expanded. Consequentially, competitive advantages of companies can be strengthened in a global market. Otherwise, some problems are met in the changed environments in foreign countries at the same time. The changed environments can be divided into four main aspects, namely, cultural environment, legal environment, economic environment and political system problems. All the changed environments make problems to multinational companies. In particular, problems which are caused by changed culture environment are the most serious aspect of running a multinational business. This essay will discuss these problems and give some suggestions to solve them.
Firstly, multinational corporations are not something new in this 21st century. There are more and more international corporation as people try to boost the process of globalization. The development of these multinational corporations depends on the management of the owners. Transnational strategy is needed in order to operate such a big system of companies. Every nation in this system has to be managed thoroughly in order to help running the corporation, as well as to keep the system as one consistent body of business. Managers also find it important to look for opportunitie...
However the modern MNC, as it is known today, did not appear until the 19th century. These new entities provide a new level of inter-firm connectedness, a wider division of labor, and a higher level of product integration across countries in which MNCs are growing. Studies have shown that modern MNCs are characterized by a high degree of complexity, and have not followed a linear pattern in their development. In addition, it is crucial to understand the geographical context in which these MNCs were founded. This paper will analyze the development of the multinational corporation (MNC) from the 1870s to the modern day and examine in what ways, and to what degree, it has changed over time.
Globalization is an overwhelming trend. It is no doubt that there are many positives rise out of globalization, but equally some serious negatives brought from this trend, such as gradual disappearance of ethnic identity (Buckley, 1998). This essay is going to address some positive effects of globalization generally, and then it will focus on impacts of this trend on developing countries.
The link between economic growth and human development has been a subject of rigorous empirical econometric work since the 1970s. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), which is an important component of human development especially in modern regional and global economies, has been found to explain varying levels of return and economic growth.