The effects of cooking, baking and drying on the extractability of oat beta glucan were comprehensively evaluated by Johansson et al. Cooking was found to release more soluble beta glucan while baking decreased the amount of soluble beta glucan probably due to enzyme activity in the flour towards beta glucan. Drying (overnight at 60 degree Celsius) decreased the amount of soluble beta glucan both in bread and fermentate but not in porridge. All processing conditions did not influence the ratio of cellotriosyl to cellotetraosyl residues in soluble beta glucan molecular structure. (Johansson et al 2007). Major viscosity losses in oat gum have been observed during centrifuging, which produce high shear damage to beta glucan residues (Wood et al. 1989). Extrusion processing at high temperature might decrease the molecular weight of beta glucan (Suortti et al. 2000). The cholesterol lowering effect of oat beta glucan depends on its viscosity in the small intestine and therefore its molecular weight. A high molecular weight means it can be released from the food matrix during digestion and form a viscous gel …show more content…
Seventy-six articles describing sixty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies lacked statistical power to detect a significant effect of oats on any of the risk factors considered: 59% of studies had less than thirty subjects in the oat intervention group. Out of sixty-four studies that assessed systemic lipid markers, thirty-seven (58 %) and thirty-four (49 %) showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol (2–19% reduction) and LDL-cholesterol (4–23% reduction) respectively, mostly in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Few studies (three and five, respectively) described significant effects on HDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations. Long-term dietary intake of oats or oat bran has a beneficial effect on blood
The Ornish diet, a meal plan that emphasizes the consumption of carbohydrates over fats, is an unsafe plan despite its claims to being a safe and effective way to prevent heart disease1 – a claim only a balanced diet can make. Because the Ornish diet cuts out a large number of foods from a person’s meal, many beneficial nutrients are missing that would normally be in a balanced diet. In addition, recent studies have found that diets containing a larger than recommended amount of carbohydrates may actually increase a person’s chances of developing intestinal and breast cancers2. These findings show that despite any benefits the Ornish diet may provide to the heart, the complications of maintaining a high carbohydrate diet make it not nearly as safe as a balanced diet.
To uncover organic compounds like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid, by using tests like Benedict, Lugol, Biuret and Beta Carotene. Each test was used to determine the presents of different organic molecules in substances. The substances that were tested for in each unknown sample were sugars, starches, fats, and oils. Moreover, carbohydrates are divided into two categories, simple and complex sugars. Additionally, for nonreducing sugars, according to Stanley R. Benedict, the bond is broken only by high heat to make make the molecules have a free aldehydes (Benedict). As for Lipids, there are two categories saturated and unsaturated fats. One of the difference is that saturated fats are mostly solids and have no double bond (Campbell Biology 73). The Beta Carotene test works by dissolving in a lipid, thus giving it color to make it visible. Moreover, proteins are made out of amino acids that are linked by a polypeptide bond (Campbell Biology 75). The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether an unknown class sample or food sample had any carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins in it. The expected result of the lab was that some substances would be present while other would be absent.
The package nutritional information explains the three grams of soluble fiber daily from whole grain oat foods like this cereal, in a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease (Cheerios). I would also include the certification of the American Heart Association on the cereal as heart-healthy for meeting the requirements for the cholesterol and saturated fat. The only drawback is the high content of sugar: the serving of Honey Nut Cheerios is only 7.92 grams per quarter cup and the American Heart Association recommends that women consume no more than 25 grams of added sugar per day and 38 grams for men (Beville).
Starch, cellulose, glycogen, and chitin are all examples of polysaccharides. According to the BIO 1510 Lab Manual (2016) polysaccharides are not very soluble in water but can be made to go into solution through heating or agitation. Polysaccharides are excellent energy storage molecules because they are easily built and broken down by enzymes. Forming fairly compact structures, polysaccharides allow energy storage without the space required by a pool of free glucose monomers. Other polysaccharides form strong fibers that provide protection and structural support in both plants and animals. (Carbohydrates.” Home,
Dietary Factors in Preventing Heart Disease As coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in the UK, more attention should be paid to preventing the disease. Many patients suffering from heart disease realise that it was mainly caused by their diet. Research has shown that elevated levels of LDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk of heart disease. “ Studies indicate that for every 1% elevation in the bad cholesterol there is a 2% increase in risk of heart disease” (A leaflet on heart disease.)
· Eat moderate amounts of nuts that are rich in monounsaturated fat, like hazelnuts, almonds, pecans, cashews, walnuts and macadamia nuts. These nuts have been shown to improve cholesterol levels. Avoid eating nuts by the handful. Instead, garnish food with one tablespoon of chopped nuts per person.
This paper research on the different angle that the comparative analysis of the nutritional compositions of the two types of corn. It provides us a view of one of the...
Diabetes is chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose and insulin resistance resulting in hyperglycaemia and affects approximately 347 million people worldwide (WHO, 2013). Prevention and treatment often include being physically active, maintaining a healthy body weight, eating a healthy diet and avoiding saturated fat and tobacco use (WHO, 2013). However, studies have recently shown that carbohydrate consumption may be a risk factor for the development of the disease. The quality of carbohydrates has been of particular interest in many studies because of the rate of digestion and blood glucose response (Manuel-y-Keenoy et al, 2012). Carbohydrates that cause a rapid elevation in blood glucose (high GI) may have unfavorable metabolic effects compared to carbohydrates that cause a slow elevation in blood glucose (low GI) (Similia et al, 2011). The increased consumption of refined foods worldwide has been seen to have an affect on diabetes risk. In western population, the increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverage has seen an associated increase in the rate of diabetes (Malik & Hu, 2012). In many Asian populations, a high consumption of refined grains, particularly white rice and noodles, has been reported to be associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (Zuniga et al, 2014). However, foods high in fiber are thought to decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes (Weickert & Pfeiffer, 2008). There is ongoing research into gene-environment interactions and the way carbohydrate restriction has a varied effect on diabetes risk based on genetic variability . Although type 2 diabetes risk may be increased by consuming high GI, high GL and refined carbohydrates, consuming the right kind of carbohydrates su...
In summary, two of the effective components which can prevent heart disease in edible vegetables have already been found—the lycopene and dietary fiber. They have various edible sources for people’s consumption. While much has already been learned about these two biologically active substances, much remains to be learned. It is also important to understand the possible influence of other biologically active components, as well as people’s daily diet to keep cardiac health according to the research.
* If a stopwatch is used instead of a standard watch to time the 1 -
Saturated fat and cholesterol and an increased risk of heart disease. Fiber and a reduced risk of cancer. Fruit, vegetables and grain products that contain fiber and a reduced risk of heart disease.
My DRI of cholesterol was maxed at 300mg and my intake was 267mg. Still relatively high so could start consuming Oatmeal for breakfast in which reduces your low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the "bad" cholesterol. Also, I...
The movie Food Inc. was very engrossing. I honestly believed that all foods in the grocery store came from different places. It made me very sad to see how the major food companies would deport illegal immigrants even though, they were the ones who provided transportation and ways for the immigrants to come to America illegally. 95% of my family are all immigrants. My family comes from Belize which is not very from Mexico; So that part of the movie struck me the hardest. I imagined about what would’ve happened if they decided to take one of my family members. The movie opened my eyes to many evil things I did not know about.
Whole-grain wheat studies have increased over the years following the influx of cases of gluten intolerance and metabolic syndrome. Studies show that by eating whole-grain products can attribute to lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease. In comparison to eating white bread, wheat bread reduces total serum cholesterol level, LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, body fat, and abdominal obesity (Mohammad, 2013). It also improved overall levels of vitamin B, calcium, and magnesium that the body needs to
In this experiment, lipids from ground nutmeg are extracted using a combination of solvents and identify the lipids through chromatography. The purpose of using solvent combinations is to elute the lipids based on their polarity to binding of the silica gel. The chromatography is performed on a silica gel plate and the use of iodine to visualize the lipids. By calculating the Rf values for each compound and comparing them to the known lipids, we are able to distinguish the lipids within the grounded nutmeg.