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Short Note On The Black Death
The black death and its impact on Europe
Short Note On The Black Death
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The Black Death: Bubonic Plague’s Worst Disaster It has been called “the greatest catastrophe ever.” That statement was made in reference to the Black Death which was one of many bubonic plague epidemics. Throughout history, the bubonic plague proved itself to be an extremely lethal disease. Outbreaks of the bubonic plague were devastating because of the stunning number of deaths in each of the populations it reached. The Black Death was the worst epidemic and disaster of the bubonic plague in all of history. The Black Death refers to a period of several years in which affected populations were decimated. The bubonic plague is a disease started by bacteria. The disease has horrible symptoms, and most of the victims die after getting the plague. The bubonic plague spread easily between different areas of people. The Black Death was not the first epidemic of the bubonic plague; there was another outbreak several hundred years before. It is important to understand the history of the bubonic plague and reflect upon the Black Death because plague outbreaks can still occur today. The actual cause of the Black Death is still debated today, but most historians believe that it was the result of a plague with bacteria. The bubonic plague most likely affected humans with a bacterium that caused many problems. The bacterium that caused the bubonic plague is called Yersinia pestis. A combination of old historical records and details give some evidence that the bubonic plague was indeed caused by this bacteria. Scientists have worked to obtain even more evidence by excavations. Burial sites from the Black Death period were excavated to find the skeletons of plague victims. The skeletons were tested in order to see if the victims had be... ... middle of paper ... ...in the fields of both science and medicine, future epidemics of any disease can be handled better. When a lethal disease begins to rampage a population, research on similar epidemics can help the world contain, cure, and prevent the disease to protect the world and its population. Bibliography Ewen Callaway, “Plague Genome: The Black Death decoded,” Nature, 7370, (2011): 444-446 Kira L. S. Newman, “Shutt Up: Bubonic Plague and Quarantine in Early Modern England,” Journal of Social History, 3, (2012): 809-834 Kirsten I. Bos, Verena J. Schuenemann, et al, “A draft genome of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death,” Nature, 7370, (2011): 506-510 Mary Lowth, “Plagues, pestilence and pandemics: Deadly diseases and humanity,” Practice Nurse, 16, (2012): 42-46 Ole J. Benedictow, “The Black Death,” History Today, 3, (2005): 42-49
The Black Death (also called the "plague" or the "pestilence", the bacteria that causes it is Yersinia Pestis) was a devastating pandemic causing the death of over one-third of Europe's population in its major wave of 1348-1349. Yersinia Pestis had two major strains: the first, the Bubonic form, was carried by fleas on rodents and caused swelling of the lymph nodes, or "buboes", and lesions under the skin, with a fifty-percent mortality rate; the second, the pneumonic form, was airborne after the bacteria had mutated and caused fluids to build up in the lungs and other areas, causing suffocation and a seventy-percent mortality rate.
The Black Death is one of the deadliest epidemics to ever hit mankind. It is estimated that this epidemic killed nearly 30%-60% of the population depending on the location. Recently, scholars have argued over the existence of the Black Death as a Plague in the form of Yersinia Pestis. Many argue, through scientific research and primary sources, that the Black Death was indeed a plague. Their critics argue that there is not enough evidence in the correlation of the scientific research and the primary sources to conclude that the Black Death was really a plague. The primary source The Black Death, by Rosemary Horrox, is a compilation of different accounts of the plague throughout Europe in the 1300’s. The two modern sources Plague Historians
Nohl, Johannes. 2006. The Black Death : a chronicle of the plague / compiled by Johannes Nohl from contemporary sources ; translated by C.H. Clarke. n.p.: Yardley, Penn. : Westholme ; Garsington : Windsor [distributor], 2006., 2006.
To begin, modern technology and knowledge granted people with insight on what initiated the Black Death. The bubonic plague was generated by bacteria called, Yersinia Pestis “The Global Impacts of the Black Death”. Yersinia Pestis is carried and spread by fleas transported by rats. Eventually, the rat would die due to excessive flea bites and multiplying bacteria, but the flea would survive and move to humans and other animals. Many believed the fleas bit into their victims which would literally inject them with the disease,
The Black Death, also know as “bubonic plague” is a disease caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis that spread out to most of Asia, the middle east, and Europe (Benedictow). This outbreak wiped out one-third of the European population placing it under one of the most devastating times in human history. With death tolls adding up and with Europe’s population clustered, the cities growing and sanitation almost nonexistent leads to why Europe was hit the hardest with the plague. Symptoms of the plague caused raging fevers, vomiting and dark painful swellings called “buboes” which caused spots on the skin to turn black and later resulted in death (Book) Villages and cities, rich and poor is wiped out in a matter of days. People panicked and many fled their homes and moved into other cities to keep away from the disease but learned that later spread the disease to their neighbor’s villages and continuing the spread.
The black death was one of the most runious events in history. This event was primed for new modern age around the 15th century that makes it a archaic topic. This untamable paroxysm event resulting deaths estimated 75 to 200 million people. This desiease came about by fleas that came from rats that carried.about in towns and cities from the trade ships. As tge people caught the deadly Bubonic Plague it immediately made tgem feel stultify they felt weak and very close to death. Treatments with different types of medicine theories people still showed no fealty in life anymore. Once you have heard of someone catching this disease you already pretty much knew the results coming behind it. Most people felt as if it was karma l. Even people had
In the middle of the fourteenth century, disaster struck Europe. A ravaging pestilence spread at an alarming rate through city and countryside alike. Beginning as a tiny spark in Genoa, the wildfire that was the Black Death enveloped nearly all of Europe, from Italy to Britain, in a span of about three years (C. Kohn, 25). Up to 38 million lives were claimed in less than a decade, distinguishing the Black Death one of the worst pandemics in human history (C. Kohn, 25). The disease behind this catastrophe has seldom been rivaled by another. But what was this disease? Many scientists and historical scholars believe this disaster to be the work of the bubonic plague, a deadly infectious disease caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis or Y. pestis (Nardo, 13). However, evidence has surfaced in the past fifty years to suggest that the Black Death was not, or at least not only, the bubonic plague. In truth, this epidemic was not the bubonic plague or any other single disease; it was two or more illnesses working in tandem.
The Black Death was one of the most destructive epidemics in the history of the world. During the time
Causes of the Black Death can be debated. Some historians say it was the fleas that spread the plague, but due to recent scientific discoveries
The Black Death was an epidemic outbreak of bubonic plague in Europe around 1348 that killed between one-third and two-thirds of the population in less than five years. The epidemic spanned from China to England to North Africa, transmitted along the Silk Road and other trade routes. There was multiple causes of the black death including their horrible hygiene and the amount of travel, and most importantly the change in climate.The number one cause of the black death was the change in climate causing fleas to seek out alternate hosts and the increase in growth of the bacteria.
It wasn't until 2011 that there was a firm evidence that the Bubonic Plague was the cause of the Black Death. The person who developed the technique to study the remains of the Bubonic Plague was Hendrik Poinar of McMaster University. By studying the plague we will gain more knowledge and will be able to understand it better. Colleagues of Hendriks developed a way to examine Yesinia in the bones of the victims. Hendriks team examined over 200 teeth looking for signs of Yersinia. The best way to understand a plague is to find the roots of it. Studying the plague will help us prevent it from happening
In the 1300’s many believed that the bubonic plague was a punishment from God and the sins they committed. They believed that God’s forgiveness was the only way to overcome this disease. They even went as far as traveling town to town beating themselves or others in front of the public as a way to show their apology. In addition, they killed many of the Jews because the town’s people believed that they were trouble makers and the community needed to eradicate them. Next to the churches deep pits were dug so when the people died their bodies would be thrown into it and then covered with dirt as the pit became full (History, 2010). According to the Google book Environment, Society and the Black Death: An interdisciplinary approach to the late-medieval crisis in Sweden by Lageras, Pope Clement VI had built a cemetery to bury the dead bodies, but he also dedicated the Rhone River in Europe as a safe place to throw the dead bodies. Spain as well threw dead bodies into the water (2016). During the 1400’s quarantining procedures began for about 40 days for those who showed signs or symptoms of this disease. People who wanted to travel were refused entry into the country if they came from an area that was known to have an epidemic and the traveler had to provide proof that they travelled through areas that were not infected with the disease (Duncan, 2004). Once a person was showing symptoms of the disease they would go to an isolation
There are many names for the disease; The Black Death, The Great Mortality, La Pest. [3]. In today’s world, however, most people know it simply as The Plague. The plague, scientifically known as Yersinia Pestis, is a zoonotic, non-motile, non-spore forming bacteria that is classified in humans in three forms; Bubonic, Septicemic, and Pneumonic plague. [3] The plague pathogen has scarred humanity's history, taking over 85 million lives throughout its raging epidemics. [5]. The plague bacteria has been responsible for a number of outbreaks of high mortality rates throughout the early sixth century and even up until today. [5]. Some of the most violent outbreaks occurred in the sixth, fourteenth,
The Bubonic Plague, otherwise known as the Black Death, is a raging disease. Most people think of it as the physical Grim Reaper of their town or community. The disease lasted about six years, 1347 to 1352. The Bubonic Plague was a travesty that has traveled throughout Europe and has raged and decimated both large and small towns, putting Europe through a lot. The disease spreads through a bacteria called Yersinia Pestis.
Cowie, Leonard W. “Plague and Fire London 1665-1666.” East Sussex: Wayland Publishers, 1970. 56-63. Print.