INTRODUCTION
The Battle of the Chosin Reservoir was a pivotal battle in the Korean War. The battle was a brutal 17 day fight in bitterly cold weather fought from 27 November to 13 December 1950. During the battle the United States X Corps was attacked by the Chinese 9th Army in the vicinity of the Chosin reservoir. The Chinese forces quickly surrounded the US troops and forced them to fight a retrograde attack in order to fight their way out to friendly lines to the south. Due to poor Chinese intelligence on UN forces and logistical shortcomings the UN forces were able to evade total annihilation and were able to retreat to safety with the majority of their men and equipment intact.
HISTORY
By the summer of 1950 after the successful landing at Inchon by the US X Corps which led to the destruction of the North Korean Army the Korean War seemed to be in the final phases of completion. United Nations (UN) forces spearheaded by the US Eighth army and X Corps were advancing northward with the goal of completely reuniting North and South Korea. The Taebaek Mountains which are an extremely rugged north –south oriented mountain range divide Korea. The UN forces split in to two groups during their advance with the Eighth Army advancing along the west coast and the US X Corps moving north along the east coast. On 19 October 1950 after repeated warnings to the United Nations Massive amounts of Chinese Forces crossed the border into North Korea. After several minor skirmishes with X Corps, the Chinese Peoples Volunteer Army (PVA) decisively engaged the US X Corps in the vicinity of Chosin Reservoir.
Chosin Reservoir is a man-made lake located in the northeast of the Korean peninsula. The battle was fought over some of the roughest terrain d...
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...nd enabled the UN forces to utilize that combat power elsewhere to strategic advantage later in the conflict. This denied the Chinese the momentum to advance south of the 38th Parallel. The action of X Corps and in particular the 1st Marine Division also galvanized other UN forces and was a great moral victory for the US forces. The outcome of battle was shaped by a lack of accurate intelligence on both sides of the battle. Logistically the Chinese were unprepared to support a force the size of the 9Th PVA and lost a number of soldiers to the bitter cold weather due to them being ill-equipped. Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB) is a crucial step in the Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) and is vital to mission success. Had the proper importance been placed on analyzing the Chinese threat, the outcome of the Korean War might have been different.
(U) Background: Over the course of United States history the Army has made changes to how it engages its foreign enemies. These tactics techniques and procedures are the result of lessons learned during conflict, mistakes made under fire, and the results of a nation at war. As a result the IPB process has changed to accommodate a dynamic and often fluid battlefield. However this has not changed the core concept behind IPB, the four steps still remain an integral part of the Commanders Military Decision Making Process (MDMP), and are essential in war gaming. IPB assist in providing valuable Intelligence to the War Fighter throughout all phases of operations. This paper will cover each step of the IPB Process as well as discuss products associated with each of those steps and how these products can be an asset to the Commander and the War Fighter.
This paper will examine how a unwavering adversary and difficult terrain combined to negate the effects of American technology. The Battle of Hamburger Hill was a battle of the Vietnam War which was fought by the United States and South Vietnam against North Vietnamese Forces from May 10–20, 1969. The battle took place on Ap Bia Mountain in the rugged, jungle-shrouded mountains along the Laotian border of South Vietnam. Ap Bia Mountain anchors the northwest corner of South Viet Nam's A Shau Valley. The valley has been a major infiltration route for Communist Forces from the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos to the coastal cities of Northern I Corps since1966. Ap Bia Mountain dominates the northern valley, towering some 937 meters. Official histories of the engagement refer to it as Hill 937. The American Soldiers who fought there dubbed it "Hamburger Hill", suggesting that those who fought on the hill were "chewed up like a hamburger" (E-History, 2012).
The United States vows to protect the democratic South Korea. American forces defend South Korea but are almost pushed on the peninsula . Douglas Mccarthur is in charge of the American forces. He stages an impressive counter attack that pushes the North Koreans all the way back to China. This is when China enters the warand pushes American forces back to the 38Th parallel. In 1953 , the war ended In a stalemate. (document C)
On June, 17th 1775 began a fight between the British and the Americans, it took place on Breed’s HIll. In Charlestown Peninsula, North side of Boston Harbor, this battle was the bloodest of the Revoltionary in America. The British Commander, Lieutenant General Thomas Gage, Major General William Howe. There were about 2,400 troops being lead by Major general Howe.
Made famous by Theodore Roosevelt’s volunteer Rough Rider’s and the Buffalo Soldiers, the Battle of San Juan Hill (July 1, 1898), also known as The Battle of San Juan Heights, was the bloodiest battle of the Spanish American War. After landing on the beachhead, the US V Corps under the command of Major General William Shafter fought their way west toward the port town of Santiago. After an indecisive clash at Las Guasimas on June 24, Shafter readied his men to take the strategic heights around the city, while Cuban insurgents blocked any Spanish reinforcements arriving on the roads to the north, in what would be one of the most decisive battles of America’s “Splendid Little War.” 1
The Korean War began when the North Koreans invaded South Korea across the 38th parallel on June 25, 1950. The North Korean forces fought their way to Pusan at the southern edge of the Korean peninsula. With the North Koreans controlling most of the peninsula, General Douglas MacArthur landed an amphibious assault at Inchon on September 15, 1950 and wrested control of South Korea from North Korean forces. After MacArthur’s forces marched to the northern border of Korea, China entered the war. After a major Chinese attack and a major American counter attack, the front of the war had a new stage, the Chosin Reservoir (Henretta, Edwards & Self 768).
Iraqi scouts lacked adequate training that would have allowed them to go undetected while gathering information on USA elements. Better intelligence would have gone a long way for the IRG facing the USA’s 2nd ACR. One of the major reasons the Iraqis lost the battle was because they thought they were going up against infantry Soldiers that air dropped into the area. They were not ready for a tank on tank battle with the USA. If the intelligence officer had imagery or signals intelligence at his disposal he would have known that tanks, not infantry Soldiers, were coming right towards them. This intelligence would have put the IRG forces on high alert and ready for a tank battle. In my opinion, this could have changed the outcome of the Battle of 73 Easting. The Iraqis would have been ready for a fight and severely outnumbered 2nd ACR.
The Battle of Greenbrier River or the Battle of Camp Bartow took place on October 2-3, 1861.The skirmish took place near the base of Cheat Mountain in present day Pocahontas County, West Virginia. The operation would take June through December to carry out. General Reynolds thought if he could get rid of Camp Bartow he could easily get to the Virginia counties on the other side of the mountains to the east. Brigade General Joseph Reynolds was the Union commander while Brigade General Henry R. Jackson was the Confederate Commander.`
Throughout the conflict Canada's naval contribution made a significant impact on coalition efforts to secure South Korea [5]. This was the first post-world...
Amid the snow-covered hills in the tiny village of Chipyong-Ni, Korea, a battle ridden 23rd Regimental Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division made a decisive stand from February 13-15, 1951 that would lead to the first operational win against a much stronger and larger force. In what some considered being the Gettysburg of the Korean War, the Battle of Chipyong-Ni was a bitterly contested engagement between the X Corp, 23rd Regimental Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division, under the command of COL. Paul Freeman the North Korean People’s Army and the Chinese Communist Forces’ (CCF). This analysis will demonstrate that COL Paul Freemans’ ability to properly use mission command ultimately led to the first operational defeat of the enemy since the Korean War had started.
The battle at Inchon was a strategic break through establishing dynamic war planning. In the years following World War II and the potential spread of global communism, the United States was heading to another war. With the political arena playing a major role in what the American people wanted, a short and bloodless battle with limited casualties, a drastic plan was in the works. General Douglass MacArthur decided and stood by his plan for an amphibious landing at Inchon with the focus of recapturing the South Korean capital of Seoul and forcing the North Korean Army back across the 38th parallel that separated the two Koreas. As with the end to every conflict, the United States was at a disadvantage due to the downsizing of troops following the end of World War II. Through the use of strategic planning and the use of Joint Task Force operations, the United States was able to achieve mission success. A war plan that proved to be just a simple idea with a few dynamics added with understandings of integration, anticipation, and domination, reestablished the United States as a war fighting power.
By the summer of 1950 after the successful landing at Inchon by the US X Corps which led to the destruction of the North Korean Army the Korean War seemed to be in the final phases of completion. United Nations (UN) forces spearheaded by the US Eighth army and X Corps were advancing northward with the goal of completely reuniting North and South Korea. The Taebaek Mountains which are an extremely rugged north –south oriented mountain range divide Korea. The UN forces split in to two groups during their advance with the Eighth Army advancing along the west coast and the US X Corps moving north along the east coast. On 19 October 1950 after repeated warnings to the United Nations Massive amounts of Chinese Forces crossed the border into North Korea. After several minor skirmishes with X Corps, the Chinese Peoples Volunteer Army (PVA) decisevly engaged the US X Corps in the vicinity of Chosin Resevoir.
Later North Korea crossed the 38th parallel and entered South Korea. The United States responded by telling the United Nations to help South Korea. The United Nations did and they pushed North Korea so far back they hit the northern tip of China. China went into the war to protect its borders. At the end of the war, they went back to where they were in the beginning.
The battle of San Pasqual was one of the many battles fought against Americans to protect their land. The greedy American government was determined to conquer California from Mexico and make it part of the union. The mass migration of immigrants caused the widespread of people to flee south.
What is the Battle of Pork Chop Hill? It was a battle from March to July in 1953, the battle was 8 months long. The battle was fought by North Korea and China against the United Nations. Both sides were so heavily fortified that neither could attack without substantial losses, which they did. “The energy and fire spent by both sides is all out of proportion to the meagerness of the stakes and the numbers of men who are actively fighting to seize or hold ground. It is as if both sides are at grips with something they can neither let go of nor hold.” (Marshall 26). The Battle of Pork Chop Hill was the conflict that ended the Korean War not the threatened US nuclear attack, causing the