Patent Ductus Arteriosus
According to Batshaw, Roizen, and Lotrecchiano (2013), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is “the persistence of a fetal passage permitting blood to bypass the lungs” (p. 745). This is an inherited heart condition in which the ductus, a small pathway between the pulmonary and the aortic, valves remain open. This cardiovascular problem usually occurs in low birth weight infants. The blood vessels usually naturally closes after birth (Batshaw et al., 2013, p. 96). It becomes atypical if it remains open after the neonatal period. The structure usually closes in typical developing newborns around the initial 24 hours, and anatomical closure is supposed to follow several weeks later (Stanford Children’s Health, 2015). At the point when the ductus arteriosus stays open, the blood from the oxygen-rich aorta blends with the oxygen-poor pulmonary artery causing the higher chance of blood pressure in the lung pathways (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). Certain children who have patent ductus arteriosus may be given medication, relying upon the circumstance to standardize the blood and oxygen levels until surgery is performed. Doctor can treat this condition by providing pharmaceutical medicine, catheter-based procedures, and surgery (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011).
Effects of diagnosis
During a physical examination, a specialist may hear a heart murmur which will prompt a referral to a pediatric cardiologist for an analysis. Diagnostic testing will vary by the child’s age, clinical condition, and institutional preferences. Such test may incorporate a chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. A chest X-ray uses unseen X-ray beams to cr...
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...tions and service delivery model
My first option would be the pharmaceutical option if my child had patent ductus arteriosus. My reason for medication primarily because it may seem to be the most at ease direction since my child’s heart may be in pain. My second option may be cardiac catheterization where my child is sedated and painless with the tube reaching the heart. My fear of surgery places that option as last unless professionals suggest to me that I should take that option first for the best interests of my child. A service delivery model I would choose would be possibly be a home-based program model where a professional can come to my house and interaction directly with my child according to their needs. I would like to acquire different methods that can support my child without looking at her or his condition as interfering with her or his development.
Medtronic (Minneapolis) and Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, California) were not strangers in patent lawsuits. Edwards is specializing in the production of artificial heart valves and new hemodynamic monitoring technology, whereas Medtronic is specializing in the production of medical devices. In the past, the two companies have problems in patent infringement lawsuits over annuloplasty procedures and endovascular graft (1,2). However, currently another latest patent infringement lawsuit has been occurred and reported between Medtronic and Edwards Lifesciences. Edwards claimed that it has prior intellectual property rights on the new transcatheter aortic valve technology.
According to “Heart Disease and Marfan Syndrome” (n.d.), if the disease is suspected, the doctor will perform a physical exam of the eyes, heart and blood vessels, and muscle and skeletal system. After, a history of symptoms and information about family members will be obtained to determine if you have it. A chest x-ray, an electrocardiogram, and an echocardiogram can also be used to evaluate the heart and blood vessels to detect heart rhythm problems. A transesophageal echocardiogram may also be used, along with an MRI, CT scan, or a slit lamp eye exam to check for dislocated lenses. The various symptoms of Marfan syndrome allow doctors to diagnose the condition and provide treatments that can help the
Having worked as a rehab aide in an outpatient clinic, my pediatric observation experience was completely different from what I am used to seeing. The therapist I observed was Allie Ribner who works at All Children’s Child Development and Rehab Center. Each session was completely different from one another for the session was geared towards the goals of the child and families. I found this to be a great learning experience for I saw a wide variety of different treatments and age range from 14 months to 15 years old.
“Hypoplastic left heart syndrome accounts for 9% of all critically ill newborns with congenital cardiac disease, causing the largest number of cardiac deaths in the first year of life.(2) ” HLHS is a severe heart defect that is present at birth. HLHS combines different defects that result in an underdeveloped left side of the heart. This syndrome is one of the most challenging and difficult to manage of all of the congenital heart defects. Multiple portions on the left side of the heart are affected including the left ventricle, the mitral and aortic valve, and the ascending aorta. These structures are greatly reduced in size, or completely nonexistent causing the functionality of the left heart to be reduced, or non-functional all together.
Eisenmenger Syndrome (ES) is a heart defect that was first giving the name in 1897 (Fukushima, 2015). This syndrome happens when the birth defect is not treated before the lungs’ arteries become damaged. Eisenmenger Syndrome is named after Victor Eisenmenger a man who had a patient who showed symptoms such as, breathing complications and skin that was turning a bluish color. The autopsy of this patient lead him to discover a ventricular septal defect [VSD] (El-Chami, 2014), that causes a hole in the wall on the right and left ventricular. This is the defect that begins when signaling for pulmonary artery hypertension, which progresses into more advanced stages of ES. This birth defect eventually causes patients to have various
For Great Artery Stenosis in Children with Congenital Cardiac Disease." Cardiology in the Young 22.2 (2012): 178-183. Academic Search Premier. Web. 17 Nov. 2013.
Gaither (2016) states that a pediatrician checks for mental or physical illnesses, and how to cure these illnesses. Gaither (2016) states that a pediatrician has many methods to successfully determine a child's health. Some examples stated by Gaither (2016) are that a pediatrician does physical exams, gives the child vaccinations, makes sure the child meets milestones in his or her development, a pediatrician also diagnoses illnesses, infections, or other injuries that the child may have, a pediatrician also gives advice for nutrition in foods, and answers questions that you may have about your child’s development. Gaither (2016) also states that pediatricians examine your baby after 48 to 72 hours to check up on your child, and then continue checking to make sure that make sure that the child is developing correctly. Another advantage that Gaither (2016) states of having a pediatrician are that the field only focuses on children, so pediatricians can easily spot abnormalities in a child and they can quickly cure
The hours of many physicians are long and irregular as the job entails caring for many different patients who have different needs. While working in a hospital, pediatrics is collaborative specialty meaning one must work with other medical specialists and healthcare professionals to improve heath and emotional needs of adolescents. If a child has a heart condition, a pediatrician must meet with a cardiologist to produce a plan that would benefit the young patient’s heart. Pediatricians in a hospital sett...
Shaun White is an Olympic medalist and daredevil. “White was born with four heart abnormalities causing him to go through two open-heart surgeries before he was a year old” (Good Housekeeping). This condition is termed “tetralogy of Fallot – a term that describes a combination of heart defects including a hole between the pumping chambers of the heart and an abnormally narrowed valve and surrounding structures that link the right side of the heart to the lungs” (Learn). “The causes of tetralogy of Fallot among babies are unknown. Heart defects such as tetralogy of Fallot are thought to be caused by a combination of genes and other risk factors including the environment the mother comes in contact with” (CDC). The pulmonary circuit of the respiratory system is affected. In this circuit the oxygenated blood is moved from the lungs to the right side of the heart. In the early medicine era, “doctors created a shunt by disconnecting an artery leading to the arm, reconnecting it to the lungs” (Learn). Surgery is needed in order to correct the defects. “White had surgery as a baby and says he’s grateful to his doctors. Even after successful surgery, patients with tetralogy of Fallot face a greater risk of serious heart problems. [White must] get regular checkups to monitor his heart throughout his lifetime” (Mayberry). “During su...
...r Progeria. Monitory for cardiovascular disease may help with managing the heart conditions that occur later in the child’s life. Some children may have coronary artery bypass surgery of dilation of cardiac arteries (angioplasty) to reduce the onset of cardiovascular disease. Physical and occupation therapy will ease stiff joints and allow more flexibility and allows children to maintain a healthy level of playtime with friends or even some sports. Regular dental visits are important and having the milk teeth extracted will help prevent problems associated with HGPS. Good nutrition for caloric building and promoting smaller meals frequently through out the day will help with energy and growth. Hydration is very important when dealing with a child suffering from Progeria; due to the thin dry skin children with progeria are more prone to become dehydrated.
Oxygen is vital to a beating, healthy heart because it is needed to perform cellular respiration in order to pump the blood. When there is no oxygen being transported to the heart, the heart cannot pump blood, and eventually after being inactive, the heart tissue dies . This results in a heart attack. Heart attacks can be diagnosed before it is too late. One method of diagnosis is through a blood test. Blood tests are capable of sorting through the material found in blood, and if heart cell contents are found in the specimen, a heart attack can be diagnosed. If the levels of the cell contents are higher, this signifies that the heart attack is more severe. Another method of diagnosis is an electrocardiogram (ECG). An ECG measures the rhythm of the heart in order to detect defects. There are many other strategies that are used by doctors in order to diagnose a heart attack, such as chest x-rays, stress tests, tilt table tests, and echocardiograms, to name a few. A myocardial biopsy involves looking at the heart cells, and is accomplished by collecting a sample of heart cells from the patient. If the results are positive, a heart attack is diagnosed. A heart MRI involves looking at images of the heart in order to detect heart failure. The doctor uses the images to look for disorders in the structure of the
If no pulse is present, give five chest compressions. To achieve effective compressions, the child should be supine on a hard, flat surface. Use one hand to maintain the position of the head. With the other hand, use two fingers to trace the lower margin of the rib cage. Find where the ribs and sternum meet, avoid doing compressions in that notch. Place the heel of your hand over the lower half in the sternum, between the nipple line and the notch. Compress the chest approximately one to one and a half inches. Follow the compressions with one slow breath.
Diagnostic testing done/ continued testing/procedures (following your interview, place an * by those your child
Cardiovascular System: He does not experience any chest pain or palpitation. He does not have dyspnea or leg swelling.
I think it is incredible that we have made such advancements in fetal medicine that surgeons are actually able to perform surgery on a fetus while in utero. Deformities like a cleft lip or pallet are about to be fixed in the womb before the child is even born. The video specifically shows a fetus at 26 weeks who has a hole in his diaphragm. This would cause a problem for him after birth if left unfixed because his intestines would grow into his lung cavity preventing him from being able to breath air outside of the womb. Fortunately with medical advancements, doctors were able to perform a procedure on the fetus where a balloon was placed between his diaphragm and lungs to prevent any obstruction from developing. As soon as the child is born the balloon will be removed and he will likely be able to go on without any difficulty breathing. Having access to this particular fetal procedure has increased survival of newborns with this condition by fifty percent. This is just one of many advancements in fetal medicine. We have also come a long way with premature babies, and micro preemies. Babies born at as early as 24 weeks have a more than fifty percent chance of survival. That is why 24 weeks of pregnancy is often times referred to the viability