Grade 12 Chemistry Practical Report Submitted by: Payal Mehta Organic Synthesis of Esters Contents Title – page 1 Introduction- page 1 Hypothesis – page 1 Discussion – page 1 Data collection – page 2 Discussion of the advantages and disadvantages – page 4 Conclusion – page 4 Reference list – page 4 Acknowledgements – page 5 Glossary – page 5 Research task – Organic synthesis of Esters Title: Organic Synthesis of Esters Research question: Can the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid produce an ester that has a strong, pleasant odour? Introduction: This research task and practical is performed with the aim of investigating the formation of esters through the reaction between different alcohols with carboxylic acids and discussing their usage as …show more content…
Ester 4 ethanol (ethyl alcohol) butyric acid Ethyl butyrate Pineapple and strawberry Ester 5 butanol (butyl alcohol) acetic acid Butyl acetate Sweet fruity scent Ester 6 1-pentanol (n-amyl alcohol) butyric acid 1-pentyl butyrate Strong pear scent Ester 7 Methanol (methyl alcohol) butyric acid Methyl butyrate Pineapple scent Description of visual observation of the formation of each ester: Ester name Visual observation Ester 1 Clear/transparent reaction Ester 2 Reaction formed bubbles Ester 3 Formation of white sediments Ester 4 Milky reaction Ester 5 clear/translucent* at the top, translucent orange liquid at bottom Ester 6 clear/translucent at the top, translucent orange liquid at bottom Ester 7 clear/translucent at the top, translucent orange liquid at bottom Precautions taken: - All participants wore lab coats - All participants wore chemical-resistant latex gloves - All participants wore safety goggles - All participants cleaned practical area thoroughly after the practical so as to avoid anyone accidentally making physical contact directly with any spillage - All participants washed hands after removing gloves when the practical was over Advantages and disadvantages of Esters in everyday
The experimental Fischer esterification of 8.92g of acetic acid with 5.0g of isopentyl alcohol using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst yielded 4.83g (65.3% yield) of isopentyl acetate. The product being isopentyl acetate was confirmed when the boiling point during distillation had similar characteristics to that of the literature boiling points2. Physical characteristics like color and smell also concluded a match of our product with what was intended. 1H-NMR spectroscopy analysis supported this claim due to the fact that the integration values and chemical shifts were comparable to isopentyl acetate. Lastly, infrared spectroscopy (IR) showed similar key characteristics of our product’s wavelengths to that of pure isopentyl acetate5.
The boiling point of the product was conducted with the silicone oil. Lastly, for each chemical test, three test tubes were prepared with 2-methylcyclohexanol, the product, and 1-decene in each test tube, and a drop of the reagent were added to test tubes. The percent yield was calculated to be 74.8% with 12.6g of the product obtained. This result showed that most of 2-methylcyclohexanol was successfully dehydrated and produced the product. The loss of the product could be due to the incomplete reaction or distillation and through washing and extraction of the product. The boiling point range resulted as 112oC to 118oC. This boiling point range revealed that it is acceptable because the literature boiling point range included possible products, which are 1-methylcyclohexene, 3-methylcyclohexene, and methylenecyclohexane, are 110 to 111oC, 104oC, and 102 to 103 oC. For the results of IR spectroscopy, 2-methylcyclocahnol showed peaks at 3300 cm-1 and 2930 cm-1, which indicated the presence of alcohol and alkane functional group. Then, the peak from the product showed the same peak at 2930 cm-1 but the absence of the other peak, which indicated the absence of the alcohol
Church, L. B. "The Chemistry of Winemaking. An Unique Lecture Demonstration." Journal of Chemical Education 49.3 (1972): 174. Print.
There are several options available in reference to Karen’s use of contaminated gloves to access drawers, with varying degrees of ethical soundness. The first is to do nothing. If Karen is properly disinfecting and not contacting critical or semi-critical instruments, there is no reason to believe there is an infection risk to patients.
The three butene products have been verified to elute in the following order: 1-butene, trans-2-butene, and cis-2-butene. Theory: The dehydration of 2-butanol, a secondary alcohol, progresses readily in the presence of a strong acid like concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The reaction is completed via the E1 mechanism. Initially, the hydroxyl group is a poor leaving group, but that is remedied by its protonation by the acid catalyst (H2SO4) converting it to a better leaving group, H2O. The loss of this water molecule results in a secondary carbocation intermediate that continues to form an alkene in an E1 elimination.
I made sure to discard any perineal wipes that had fecal matter on them, and take the garbage out immediately after the assessment so the smell would not remain in the resident’s room. I also made sure to wash my hands after the care despite wearing
More than 375,000 nail technicians face possible health hazards everyday (“Health Hazards”). Today’s salons are investing in the latest products. Sanitation is the most important in any salon to prevent disease or injury to cosmetologists and for clients. The ingredients in these hair products are becoming stronger for some clients to handle. Cosmetologists need to understand how to keep ourselves and our clients safe. Tools, implements, and cleaning furniture is the most important. Customers are always going to be coming in and out of the salon. Cosmetologist will not always know who the person is in the salon. Wash and sanitize your hands before and after a client. Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) will also help prevent disease (Frangie). To prevent disease and bacteria, cosmetologists need to sanitize the tools and furniture before and after they give a service to a client.
The purpose of conducting this experiment was to synthesise and characterise for the preparation of benzocaine via a fishcer esterification reaction by the means of amino benzoic acid alongside ethanol. The product was also precipitated from a solution in order to gain a pH of 8.The secondary aim was to esterify the reaction in an equilibrium reaction catalysed via the addition of acid shown below:
The goal of this experiment is to determine which products are formed from elimination reactions that occur in the dehydration of an alcohol under acidic and basic conditions. The process utilized is the acid-catalyzed dehydration of a secondary and primary alcohol, 1-butanol and 2-butanol, and the base-induced dehydrobromination of a secondary and primary bromide, 1-bromobutane and 2-bromobutane. The different products formed form each of these reactions will be analyzed using gas chromatography, which helps understand stereochemistry and regioselectivity of each product formed.
As a final point, the unknown secondary alcohol α-methyl-2-naphthalenemethanol had the R-configuration since it reacted the fastest with S-HBTM and much slower with R-HBTM. TLC was a qualitative method and ImageJ served as a quantitative method for determining which reaction was the faster esterification. Finally, 1H NMR assisted in identifying the unknown from a finite list of possible alcohols by labeling the hydrogens to the corresponding peaks.
Hypothesis: If carboxylic acids and alcohols perform chemical synthesis, the resulting product will smell sweet.
Esters are produced when carboxylic acids are boiled with alcohols with a catalyst which is usually sulphuric acid. A reaction to make esters is reversible and slow and the reactions are often characterised by the smell formed which is usually a sweet and ‘fruity’ aroma.
While in the chemistry lab, one needs to wear all the required personal safety clothing for personal safety reasons. Personal Hygiene protocols: When working in the lab, you should always wash your hands to minimize contact with harmful chemicals. You should not eat or bring food into the chemical lab to avoid food poisoning and contamination (Jay, 2010). Always avoid touching your body while conducting lab procedures to avoid contamination and injury. You should remove the personal protective clothing before leaving the laboratory and always wash your hands.
The physical studies were designed to ensure the stability of final formulation. The physical mixture of drug and lipids in the ratio of 1:1 was placed in glass vials, sealed and stored in 40ºc and 75% RH. The sample were withdrawn at pre determine time intervals of 15 and 21 day and examined for physical and chemical integrity of drug and Excipient. Parameter such as colour, odour or gas formation and aggregation were noted.
Where used cleaning cloths, pot scrubs etc. shall be cleaned and sanitised or they shall be disposed of after use in order to ensure that they are not a source of contamination. (Unsure)