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Issues in the organ donation process
Summary of organ transplants the good and the bad
About organ transplantation
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With many causes of organ failure that led to a death sentence a long-term treatment needed to be found. In December 1954, the first organ was transplanted from living donor to living recipient, who was between twin siblings, was to be the next direction of treatment. With the invention of an immunosuppressant cyclosporine, the cure was thought to have been found for organ failure. It would have been the answer to the organ failure until the procurement laws were not able to keep up with the need for organs, which formed a list of patients called the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). The scientist and physicians went back to the drawing board to come up with bioengineered organs with the used of stem cell on matrices. Multiple biometrics are being used for the bioengineered organs. Introduction At a point in history, any type of organ failure was a death sentence. Many causes lead to an organ failure, whether it is from congenital causes, abuse, or illness it is an unfortunate circumstance. This was the case until December 23, 1954 when the first live organ transplant was performed in the United States, which was from a living donor to living recipient. The first transplant ever conducted was on an individual that needed a kidney, which was conducted using identical twins (Kaserman Ph.D, 2007). The new technology lead to a completely new list of trails in the organ transplantation field that would lead to a huge change in the future of medicine, and that of the individuals that need the lifesaving procedures. These trails became easier in 1983 with the invention of immunosuppressant called cyclosporine, which allow for cadaveric organ donation (Kaserman Ph.D, 2007). Unfortunately, the law for organ procurement could not kee...
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...http://www.kidney.org/news/newsroom/factsheet/Organ-Donation-and-Transplantation-Stats.cfm
Fukumits , K., Yogi, H., & Soto-Gutierrez, A. (2011). Bioengineering in Organ Transplatation: Targeting the Liver. Transplatation Proceedings, 43, 2137-2138. Retrieved May 30, 2014
Kaserman Ph.D, D. L. (2007). Fifty Years of Organ Transplant: The Successes and The Failures. Issues in the Law and Medicine, 23(1), 45-69. Retrieved may 30, 2014
UNOS. (1984). United Network of Organ Sharing. Retrieved July 20, 2014, from http://www.unos.org/about/index.php?topic=history
Yen, E. F., Hardinger, K., Brennan, D. C., Woodward, R. S., Desai, N. M., Crippin, J. S., . . . Schnitzler, M. A. (2004). Cost-Effectiveness of Extending Medicare Coverage of Immunosuppressive Medications to the Life of a Kidney Transplant. American Journal of Transplantation, 4, 1703-1708. Retrieved May 30, 2014
Carlstrom, Charles T., and Christy D. Rollow. "Organ Transplant Shortages: A Matter Of Life And Death." USA Today Magazine 128.2654 (1999): 50. Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Oct. 2016.
Wolfe, R., Merion, R., Roys, E., & Port, F. (2009). Trends in Organ Donation and Transplantation in the United States, 1998-2007. American Journal of Transplantation , 9, 869-878.
Currently 70,000 Americans are on the organ waiting list and fewer than 20,000 of these people can hope to have their lives saved by human organ transplantation.1 As a result of this shortage, there has been a tremendous demand for research in alternative methods of organ transplantation. Private companies are racing to develop these technologies with an estimated market of six billion dollars.2 Xenotransplantation, or cross-species organ transplantation, appears to be the most likely solution in the near future, and cloned pigs are the main candidates. Pigs and humans have remarkable similarities in physiology, which along with cloning makes pigs strong possibilities for organ donors. A controversial alternative method involves the use of genetically altered headless human beings as organ donors. Although this method may not be developed for some years, scientists are already discussing the necessary technologies. Whether the solution is the cloning of a pig or a human, organ farms may provide us with a solution to our ever-increasing need for donors.
When someone is in need of a transplant, there are several factors that are looked at in deciding whether or not the patient will be placed on the transplant list. Patients receive points for medical need, tissue type and time on the waiting list. Doctors then use a computer algorithm to decide who gets the organs available. Typically, one’s overall health, age, ability to comply with the regimen of anti-rejection drugs and a strong support system also comes into the decision process as well. Geographical location of the donor organ is also very important in the decision making process. (Whitford, 2005) Due to the shortage of organs, not all on the list get the organs they need. If people would get past their fears with regards to stem cell research, we could grow perfectly viable h...
In today’s medical field there is a profuse amount of room for ethical questioning concerning any procedure performed by a medical professional. According to the book Law & Ethics for Medical Careers, by Karen Judson and Carlene Harrison, ethics is defined as the standards of behavior, developed as a result of one’s concept of right and wrong (Judson, & Harrison, 2010). With that in mind, organ transplants for inmates has become a subject in which many people are asking questions as to whether it is morally right or wrong.
Organ transplant procedures started in the early 1950s. If the transplants are successful it can extend life and improve the quality of life in recipients. This makes the procedure of organ transplants a topic of great importance. There are thousands of people who require organ donations to live and not enough donors to match the need. There is a structured way to determine who is in a greater need. It is organized by a national transplant list. Different factors determine who is at the top of the list. The thought of celebrities, famous people and rich people taking precedence on the list is not even feasible because of the way the system is set up. Every day people are dying while waiting to receive a donation. These are completely unnecessary
Xenotransplantation if ever pronounced safe as a working practice would be an unbelievably huge step in our medical science. It would swing doors open that we have previously been afraid of opening. In the future if xenotransplantation is successful it is expected to be enormously profitable. So successful it could receive a Nobel prize for its inventor. So you may...
The uncontainable despair of the weeping and screaming parents entering a room full of body bags containing the altered remains of their children. In a room drained with blood and surrounding fridges for the maintenance of the ejected organs, everything seems miserably surreal(“Children Kidnapped for Their Organs”). This is only one of the discovered cases of the daily dozens of people killed for organ harvestation. Adding up to ten thousand illegal operations in 2012 which translates to hourly sales (Samadi). These abhorrent acts add up as crimes against humanity which are triggered by a numerous amount of reasons; in order to stop these constant atrocities we must uncover the root of the causes.
This assignment will consist of a twenty-page paper about the process of organ transplant surgery and a comparative analysis of organ procurement procedure in the United States and other developed countries. The research paper will include the bioethical issues of organ procurement.
In the US, everyday 22 people die waiting on the transplant list. Every 10 minutes another person is added to the transplant waiting list. As of 2015, 122, 071 people where on the transplant list and out of all those people only 30,973 got a transplant (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). More people are dying waiting for transplants than there are receiving transplants. People all over the world are looking for ways we can fabricate organs that can be used for transplants. There have been multiple studies done on diverse organs such as kidneys, pancreases, and anal sphincters.
Department of Health, England, 2008, Organs for Transplant: a report from the organ donation taskforce. (DoH 2008 online)
According to The American Transplant Foundation, more than 120,000 people in the United States are on the waiting list to receive a lifesaving organ transplant. Every 10 minutes a new name is added to the transplant waiting list and on average around 20 people die per day due to a lack of organ availability. The consistently high demand for organs and shortage of donors in the United States has prompted a complex discussion on ways to close the gap. China, for example, has found a solution- they used death-row inmate’s organs for transplant operations. A report from an international team, which included human rights lawyers and journalist, estimated that 10,000 to 60,000 organs are transplanted each year in China and most organs have been
One of the most important and prevalent issues in healthcare discussed nowadays is the concern of the organ donation shortage. As the topic of organ donation shortages continues to be a growing problem, the government and many hospitals are also increasingly trying to find ways to improve the number of organ donations. In the United States alone, at least 6000 patients die each year while on waiting lists for new organs (Petersen & Lippert-Rasmussen, 2011). Although thousands of transplant candidates die from end-stage diseases of vital organs while waiting for a suitable organ, only a fraction of eligible organ donors actually donate. Hence, the stark discrepancy in transplantable organ supply and demand is one of the reasons that exacerbate this organ donation shortage (Parker, Winslade, & Paine, 2002). In the past, many people sought the supply of transplantable organs from cadaver donors. However, when many ethical issues arose about how to determine whether someone is truly dead by either cardiopulmonary or neurological conditions (Tong, 2007), many healthcare professionals and transplant candidates switched their focus on obtaining transplantable organs from living donors instead. As a result, in 2001, the number of living donors surpassed the number of cadaver donors for the first time (Tong, 2007).
Some people actually die waiting for an organ transplant. However, the trouble does not end there. After finally receiving a transplanted organ, they may have medical complications, including rejection of the foreign organ. Scientists are currently developing customized organs that would eliminate both of the aforementioned problems. The chance of rejection is nonexistent because the lab-created organ contains cells from a patient’s own body (Replacing Body Parts).
This critical situation is considerable necessary in need to be address to make a difference in people lives around the world. A breakthrough the source of demand is greatly needed to guarantee individuals to save the lives or progress in receiving the benefits of the transplant (Hyde, Wihardjo, & White, 2012). Awareness is a must, it engages people about organ donation and addresses their concerns. The fact of the matter are organs are useless once we passed away, to make an enormous impact on others around us we have to take that step and become organ donors we have nothing to lose but to gain a person life. Therefore, it is necessary to look beyond all myths that is implemented in today’s society, organ donation is very much imperative in today’s community not just know but as well as in the