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History of mental illness in 1800
Weaknesses and strengths of psychoanalytic theory
History of mental illness in 1800
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In modern times humans have become susceptible to psychological illnesses. Nietzsche and Freud both give different explanations as to where the illnesses originate from. Freud blames our libido and its erotic appetite that goes against current standards for the illness. While Nietzsche blames the slave revolt of morality for stopping us from acting out on our animal impulse. Both illnesses are quite similar since they appear to have the same origin as one another.
Freud presents an interpretation of how individuals fall ill. He states that when individuals have an unpleasant idea they repress these ideas into their subconscious. Here the idea grows and festers and can lead to neurotic behaviors. Through psychoanalysis Freud was able to alleviate these problems but also came to the conclusion that these repressed ideas actually were not the root of the problem but in fact sexual frustration from the patient’s childhood or teenage years is the true cause. Individuals then fall ill when the libido is unsatisfied and refuses to accept that reality can offer them satisfaction. The result is that individuals fall into fantasies in order to properly achieve wish-fulfillment since they cannot seem to find satisfaction in the real world. One can avoid becoming neurotic by channeling these desires into pieces of art. But if they fail they will fall into a neurotic state. While in this neurotic state we begin to regress to our infancy, when obtaining pleasures were easier. Thus, the flight to illness is the easy way out since it allows for an individual to simply bypass the troubles of society, moving to a state where they can instantly obtain pleasure. The illness Nietzsche writes about is bad conscience.
Nietzsche states that humans...
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...s fall into these illnesses since they desire obtaining pleasure. Freud neurosis is easier to see in this light. He states that the reason individuals fall into neurosis is that unable to please their libidos, individuals will turn away from society and into their fantasies. This allows them to achieve pleasure. For Nietzsche individuals elect to contain themselves, since they are unhappy on earth and are told that by limiting themselves they are able to obtain salvation in heaven. Although the stories are different the modern society has made it hard for the people to achieve pleasures so they fall ill attempting to gain them.
Both philosophers have located illnesses that appear within modern society. Although each philosopher has a different story of where the illness originated from both bad conscience and neurosis appear to be described as the same illness.
...e had thoughts of the ideal man stems coming from the anger about his society who treated humans as machines and animals. Freud was more like a therapist for giving every problem for the human’s unhappiness and frustration, solutions to have life that is more livable. Freud saw the inner struggle which was affected by the civilization and society, but believed that there’s potential ways to satisfy one’s self. Unlike Nietzsche who saw the outer struggle not the nature of the human, who focused more on what the society, religion who led to frustration
Freud has multiple known theories all describing the unconsciousness, the human defense mechanism, the clinical conversation between patients and psychoanalyst, and most prominently he discussed about sexual desire. He explained sexual desire as the key motivating energy for humans, and he discussed about its magnitude. On the same topic of sexual desire, Freud also discussed about homosexuality and how it’s acquired (Freud’s View of Homosexuality, 2013). Sigmund Freud discussed the concept of homosexuality as deterministic. According to Feud, human beings are born with unfocused sexual libidinal d...
The first and most prominent of the perspectives that apply to this case study is psychodynamic psychology. This perspective is based on the studies and findings of Sigmund Freud, who was a neurologist that proposed that there is an unconscious mind into which everyone represses their threatening, vulgar urges and
Most people with an illness can return to living normal, productive lives after receiving the appropriate treatment. Sometimes mental illnesses can be referred to as mental disorders or psychiatric illnesses. But those terms are mainly used by the professionals. There are also the terms neurosis and psychosis. Those words can be used to describe the severity of the illness. The term Neurosis is a mild disorder that causes distress but doesn’t interfere with a person’s everyday activities. The term Psych...
The psychoanalytic perspective grew out of subsequent psychoanalytic theories (1901, 1924, and 1940) following decades of interactions with clients with the use of an innovative procedure developed by Sigmund Freud that required lengthy verbal interactions with patients during which Freud probed deep into their lives. In a nutshell, the psychoanalytic perspective looked to explain personality, motivation, and psychological disorders by focussing on the influence of early childhood experiences, on unconscious motives and conflicts, and on the methods people use to cope with their sexual and aggressive urges. The Biological perspective on the other hand looks at the physiological bases of behaviour in humans and animals. It proposes that an organism’s functioning can be described in terms of the bodily structures and biochemical processes that cause behaviour. This paper attempts to examine the similarities and differences between the psychoanalytic perspective and the biological perspective with the key focus on the core assumptions and features of these perspectives as well as their individual strengths and weaknesses.
Mental diseases affect a person’s motivation and will. Illnesses of the mind can make activities that were once fun and enjoyable the complete opposite. Most people diagnosed with mental disorders become more anxious when doing certain things, have completely lost interest in what used to be preferred, become too paranoid to relax, etc. Interests and priorities seemingly change. This also brings conflict into daily routines and sets off a chain reaction in one’s life. Their normal routines are then replaced with ones that involve medications and the constant reminder of dosages, times, amounts, side effects, etc. When someone’s routines are affected, this can wreak havoc on more than just the victim of the disease. Friends, family members, jobs, and even pets have to adapt. More than that, this chain reaction can possibly trigger someone during
He states that diseases of the brain are seen as tragedies of their suffers because people believe they cannot help the conditions that affect them. Whereas people who suffer from mental illnesses are seen as an inconveniences. They are blamed for their flaws even though it is not their fault. People see their conditions as a lack of will power rather than a disease. The diseases of the brain are easier to understand for the general public. They know that something terrible happened and it couldn’t be the patient’s fault. They feel sympathetic, so theses people get more help. Society can’t understand what is wrong with people who suffer from mental disease because there is nothing physically wrong with them. They seem normal so they don’t receive as much medical help. Damasio describes this on page
Unearthed skulls dating back to 6500 BCE have been discovered by archeologists to have large holes drilled into the sides of them. (1) The purpose of the drilling was to release the demon spirits that ruled inside these unfortunate beings. (2) The thought at the time was that strange, disruptive, or unexplainable behaviors demonstrated by individuals was a direct consequence of demons controlling the persons soul. These behaviors were seen not as a medical condition of any kind, but primarily relating to bad morals. There are Biblical references that Jesus cast out devils in those demonstrating irrational or crazed behaviors. Of course there are also Biblical reference that describe maniacal behavior that Jesus also healed and those individual were thought to simply be ill.
In chapter one, we discussed about Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis which means that individual thoughts, feeling and behavior are determined by our unconscious or unaware mind. Sigmund 's Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis can relate to one of my friends that I have had in the past that were really unaware of their urges and sexual desires even when they know what is right and wrong. My friend had numerous girlfriends, but all of them seemed to just leave him and it is all because of the same reason. When he had a girlfriend, they would last for a decent three months but somewhere around the middle of their relationship, my friend would somehow starts seeing other girls and some of those girls, he would even have sexual intercourse. I think this relates to what Sigmund Freud is trying to say about having an unconscious mind and that some humans would push all threatening urges desires, and even when my friend knows the right and wrong behavior, he would still
Few key points revealed from the film were psychoanalysis, seduction theory and the three section human mind is divided into unconscious, preconscious, and conscious mind. Freud experimented his mentally ill patients and badly wanted to bring mental relief for them. Psychoanalysis was discovered as clinical method of treatment for the mental disorders. Freud developed therapeutic techniques such as free association and transference for the analytic process. Freud knew a simple conversation with his patients without disruptions or obligations would greatly help for his research. Next the seduction theory was a hypothesis he believed provided the solution to the problem of the origins of hysteria and obsessional neurosis. He claimed a repressed memory of an early childhood sexual abuse or an active sexual experience during childhood preconditioned hysterical or obsessional symptoms. He described mind was divided into three areas the unconscious mind, the place where sexual wishes urges, memories and fantasies; the preconscious mind which he explains as a gate keeper preventing wishes entering consciousness;
Personality, although lacking a universal definition by psychology, is generally described as the characteristic patterns of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that an individual has. Some argue that personality can be affected by environmental factors, the majority agrees that personality is from within. Nietzsche, Freud, and Jung all offered various, monumental theories of personality development that have continued to influence the modern world’s perspective.
Freud viewed the entire human psyche from a sexual perspective. He defined the unconscious as a collection of repressed personal material. He believed that behaviors are controlled by the unconscious mind, which could be understood through dreams and free association. (Lothane, 2006, p.295-296). He theorized that the human mind had three basic components: the id, the ego, and the superego, and these individual parts often conflict, shaping personality and if not treated, causing neurosis (Schultz & Schultz, 2012, p. 321-323). He stated that therapy could repair narcissism that stemmed from low self-esteem, through transference as patients begin to get the things they missed. Freudians believe there are two basic conflicting drives in a person: the life drive and the death drive. The life drive supports survival by avoiding uncomfortable and life-threatening situations while the death drive desired extreme pleasures that to death (Reppen, 2006, p. 215-216).
Freud believed that humans develop through stages based on particular erogenous zones. Freud theorized that to gain a healthy personality as an adult, a person would have to successfully complete a certain sequence of five stages. Within the five stages of Freud’s psychosexual development theory, Freud assumed there would be major consequences if any stage was not completed successfully. The stages, in order, were the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, the latency stage, and the genital stage. In general, Freud believed that an unsuccessful completion of any stage would make a person become fixated on that particular stage. The outcome would lead the person to either over indulge or under indulge the failed stage during adulthood. Freud truly believed that the outcomes of the psychosexual stages played a major part in the development of the human personality. Eventually, these outcomes would become different driving forces in every human being’s personality. The driving forces would determine how a person would interact with the world around them. The results from Freud’s theory about the stages of psychosexual development led Freud to create the concept of the human psyche; Freud’s biggest contribution to
A serve disorder would consist of having ongoing treatment and the need of intensive support to do many things where as a less serious mental illness. A severe disorder would consist of individuals who suffer from diseases affecting the brain. Abnormal balance of brain chemicals have been linked to mental illness. This person would have delusions and hallucinations which cannot be controlled by the person right state of mind. Some examples of serious mental disorders include post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, drug addiction, and personality disorders. A mental disorder can and will not strike anyone. “They are not the result of a person being weak or having a bad upbringing” (2006).
The ideals that shape the world today are largely based on the theory that individuals have dangerous repressed sexual desires. Along with that, the individual represses these emotions in order to function in society and fit in. Freud was one to distance