Maria Theresa Absolute Monarchy Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was born in early May 1717 in Vienna, she reigned over Austria, Hungary,Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma. By marriage, she was Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress. She started her 40-year reign when her father, Emperor Charles VI, died in October 1740. Although she had been given no formal training to succeed to her father when he died ,he constantly living in the hopes of siring a male heir,Marie Theresa did however rule her various kingdoms with some success.During her early reign she conducted several conflicts on several fronts all the while usually pregnant …show more content…
Then suddenly, in October 1740, her father died. At the age of 23, without anything in the way of formal preparation, without the least acquaintance with affairs of state, Maria Theresa had supreme responsibility thrust upon her. Subjects of her crown lands the Austrian duchies and Netherlands,and Bohemia and hungary quickly accepted Maria Theresa as their empress. Maria immediately faced resistance to her succession from European powers who previously agreed to her Father’s Pragmatic Sanction. These powers formed a coalition against Maria's Theresa, under the leadership of Frederick II, King of Prussia. Frederick II’s army invaded an Austrian Province, Silesia, in December of that year and claimed it for his kingdom. France and Bavaria followed suit with their own invasion of Habsburg territories, resulting in an 8 year conflict dubbed the War of the Austrian Succession. In 1748 the war ended when Austria was forced to let Prussia keep Silesia and to accept the loss of three of its Italian territories to France. Maria set out to further reforming the Habsburg government, with Silesian exile Count Frederick William Haugwitz heading up the effort. Haugwitz reform effort focused mainly on centralization of the emperor's power. He assigned Austria and Bohemia to a joint ministry, and took power away from the Provincial Estates. As a result, the affected territories lent Austria’s weakened army significantly more military power. Austria also benefited from the wealth produced by those provinces’
Absolute monarchs ruled though the policy of absolutism. Absolutism declared that the king ruled though divine right with a legitimate claim to sole and uncontested authority (French State Building and Louis XIV). On this basis, Louis XIV of France and Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire were both absolute monarchs. Each ruler believed that his power belonged to him and him alone due to divine right. They showed their absolute power by living lavishly, increased their power by waging wars, and kept their power by ensuring complete loyalty of their subjects.
In 1765, Holy Roman Emperor Francis I, her father, died of a stroke. He left Maria Theresa his position, and gave their eldest son, Emperor Joseph II, the throne. Because of this political, it became a requirement for Marie Antoinette to marry Louis Auguste. Her mother sent her to France and agreed on this marriage. It was hard to adjus...
Elizabeth I was the queen of England from 1558 to 1603. Elizabeth I had many qualities of an absolute ruler and these qualities helped her to make a stronger England. Among the areas that Elizabeth I had absolute power were, her total control of politics in her country, her complete ability to use the military to keep and increase her power, and her complete influence over the social and cultural situation of England.
People began migrating to the current land of Austria as early as 800 B.C. It was finally a conquered land in 15 B.C. when the Romans gained control of the area south of the Danube. When the western part of the Roman Empire fell in 476, German tribes invaded Austria. At the end of the eighth century, Charlemagne ruled the country. Later, Otto I of Germany governed Austria and became the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, leading Austria to become the most important area in the territory. The Austrian region became a duchy, or a land ruled by a duke, and was controlled by the Habsburg family, who ruled from 1273 until 1919. In 1867, the famous dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary took form. Hungary was in search of greater status, and Austria found the solution by joining with Hungary. The two countries were integrat...
Queen Isabella was born in 1451, in the city of Castile, Spain (Leon 75). She was the daughter of King John II and Arevalo (Maltby par 1). Her family was very strong Catholics and she was born and raised a Catholic. Her brother, Alfonso, became King. He banished her mother, younger brother, and her from the kingdom (Leon 75, 77). Isabella had chestnut hair with natural red highlights and her look was demure and soft. She went to school with nuns at Santa Ana Convent. At school, she fancied reading, writing, music, and painting. In her free time, she was tutored at home with her older brother. After her childhood, she learned treachery was everywhere. As a teenager, her family forced her to marry a scoundrel. That day, she prayed to God for deliverance. On the way to their wedding, he choked and died from bronchitis. From that day on, she was ready for what was coming her way.
Even after the conclusion on the Second World War, France refused to relinquish control over Indochina. Moreover, Fischer's timetable has also been criticized as inaccurate. Hollweg's Septemberprogramm, outlining German war aims, was not produced until after the war had begun and was still going well for Germany. At the same time, other powers had been harboring similarly grandiose plans for post-war territorial gains. Since its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War (1870), France was committed to a path of revenge against Germany and the reacquisition of Alsace and Lorraine. In addition, Fischer neglects the fact that the great powers of Europe were divided into two hostile military alliances of mutual assistance that would invariably result in a general European war should hostilities break out between members of opposing alliances. Fischer further neglects to address the nationalist aspirations of the subject peoples of the multinational Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman and Russian empires. It was after all, the assassination of the heir-apparent of the Austrian empire by a Serbian nationalist that precipitated the
-With the ending of the Seven Years ' War in 1763, they wanted to preservation of a fragile alliance between Austria and France became a priority for Empress Maria Theresa; cementing alliances through matrimonial connections was a common practice among European royal families at the time (Editors, 2016). In 1765, after the death of French monarch Louis XV, his grandson, Louis-Auguste, heir to the French throne was pledged to marry Marie Antoinette.
Marie Antoinette Josèphe Jeanne de Habsbourg-Lorraine was born in the mid-eighteenth century as an archduchess and princess, to Maria Teresa, the Austrian Empress, at the very apex of the European hierarchal pyramid. She was an essential part to the oldest royal European house, as it became known that her sole duty in life was to unite the two great powers and long-term enemies of Austria-Hungary and France by marriage. She was brutally overthrown by her own starving people and portrayed to the world as a villain and abuser of power, whereas sympathy for the young queen should be shown.
Frightfully stimulated as a child from a home intrusion by Parisians during an aristocratic revolt in 1651, Louis XIV realized his rule would be decisive, militant, and absolute (458). His lengthy reign as Frances’ king and how he ruled would be the example that many countries throughout Europe would model their own regimes under. With this great authority also came greater challenges of finance and colonization. In the 17th century, the era of absolute monarchs were the means to restore European life (458).
Catherine the Great, really was a great ruler. I think that overall, she was trying to be very fair to everybody. In 1773 Catherine the Great had an edict called “Toleration of All Faiths.” With this edict I thought she was showing how everybody should be treated fair by tolerating free practice of people’s faith. However, the main purpose she did this was she thought it was a good way to pacify frontier territory. Then there were some instances such as how she treated the Jews and when she attacked the privileges of the Russian Orthodox Church, which was not tolerating all faiths. Putting that instance behind though I think that she really was aware of what her duties were and what she was supposed to do. She made it very clear in her law code that the End of Monarchy was to “Not to deprive People of their natural Liberty; but to correct their Actions, in order to attain the supreme Good.”
...n Italy’s support by promising Venetia and gained Russia’s assurance that they would stay neutral. Prussia was well prepared for war, with three Prussian armies swept Bohemia, and the battle of Sadowa, Austria suffered defeat.
Of all the absolute rulers in Europe, by far the best example of one, and the most powerful, was Louis XIV of France. Although Louis had some failures, he also had many successes. He controlled France’s money and had many different ways to get, as well as keep his power, and he knew how to delegate jobs to smart, but loyal people.
Louis XIV (the fourteenth) was an absolute monarch. He was often called "the Sun King," and ruled over France. He devoted himself to helping France achieve economic, political, and cultural prominence. Many historians believe the phrase "absolute power corrupts absolutely" mirrors Louis' reign. Louis XIV revoked the Edict on Nantes, changing the economy of France in one motion. By creating the city of Versailles and being a major patron of the arts, Louis was very influential on French culture. He made France go almost bankrupt from his costly wars and failures. Louis was very corrupt in his power, and it shown in all he did to change France; he got what he wanted, when he wanted it.
The lacking name of kingdom was given to the country when Frederick I , the son of the Great Elector, or Frederick WIlliam, crowned himself on 18 January, 1701, at Konigsberg. As long as the development of the internal strength of the country was backward there was little chance of gaining any important additions of territory, even though the great wars of the period made such efforts very
Although there may not be an extremely extensive amount of knowledge about the Empress Dowager Cixi, she is often considered one of the most powerful women in history. She ruled for almost fifty years, maintaining and expanding her own power. During her ‘behind the curtain’ reign, she made all decisions and always had the final say. Though she was very sharp and understood and executed politics well, she was (what some might consider today) corrupt. She was insistent on keeping her power in the Qing dynasty, to the point of (being suspected of) killing others. Though this seems despotic, recent reports say that she was just like any other ruler, and was blamed for events that would also have occurred under any other’s rule. Perhaps the saying she was in the wrong place at the wrong time could be applicable. Why does she get so much blame when many of the other emperors from other dynasties had similar faults (and even larger ones – their whole dynasties fell, Cixi helped perpetuate the Qing dynasty until her death – as tumultuous as it may have been)? One could argue that it was because she did not have the Mandate of Heaven since she was not traditionally supposed to have any power; or, because she was a woman.