Major Mathematician- John Edensor Littlewood (1885-1977)- Littlewood was born in 1885. Throughout his career he co-wrote many papers with Godfrey Harold Hardy on Waring’s problem. He worked on Riemann’s hypothesis. This states that neither the Riemann zeta function or any Dirichlet L-series has a zero with real part larger than 1/2. Also, he created the 4/3 Inequality, which states that certain bimeasures are finite. However, he is best know for his Prime Number Theorem, which explains how the primes are distributed among the rest of the integers. Thanks to his great discoveries, Littlewood won the Smith’s Prize in 1905 and the Copley Medal in 1958.
Major Scientist- Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907)- Mendeleev was born in 1834. He graduated from St. Petersburg prior to moving to Heidelberg to make his own lab. He then returned to St. Petersburg and become a professor. In 1860, he began his work on the periodic table. He organized the elements by their atomic mass. When he saw a gap in the table he left space, predicting new elements would be discovered. Due to this important table, Mendeleev was awarded the Davy and Copley medal of the Royal Society.
Spanish History- The Spanish-American War (April 25,1898-December 10, 1898)- Cuba had been fighting for independence from Spain for six years using guerrilla warfare tactics. For that reason, in February 1896, Spanish General Valeriano Weyler moved the Cubans from their homes into areas heavily guarded by Spaniards. As a result, President Cleveland decided he wanted to get involved in the war. When the Spanish destroyed an American ship they immediately began to gather troops. For ten weeks Cuba, the Philippines Islands, Puerto Rico, and the United States fought against Spain. On Dece...
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...When the Model T was created Ford stopped selling Model As but eventually they redesigned it and sold it again. The Model A was the start to a great American company and was a very important invention in history.
Special Event- Neptune Discovered (September 23, 1846)- Neptune is the eight planet in our solar system and sometimes the ninth. As an effect of Pluto’s orbit, Pluto sometimes crosses in front of Neptune for a couple years. In 1613, Galileo saw Neptune and predicted it was just a star. In 1845, Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier and John Couch Adams mathematically predicted the location of Neptune. Then, Le Verrier asked Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d’Arrest to look for the planet. After looking for just a couple minutes the men found Neptune. Neptune was the first planet to be found based off of mathematical predictions.
The Spanish American war had a complex beginning. By the 1890’s, Cuba had unsuccessfully battled Spain for its independence for many years. Due to the US’s economic interests in Cuba, the US government sought to stabilize the situation. The United States and Cuba negotiated an agreement that Cuba would become self-governing on January 1, 1898. But
The War of 1898 was a war between Spain and the United States of America. It is one of the most misunderstood and misinterpreted wars in American history. There were many circumstances that led up to the battle between Spain and America. The three main causes of the War of 1898 were the worsening economy during this time, nationalism, and imperialism. The Spanish American war was brief and included few battles. In fact, there was never much doubt of its outcome, but the war had major historical significance.
towards Spain on April 25, 1898. On the day war was declared, Spain issued that the United States add the Teller Amendment, which declared, "the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty..." (Teller Amendment). The actual fighting began on May 1, in the Philippines Islands at the Battle of Manila Bay where Commodore George Dewey reportedly said, "You may fire when ready, Gridley," and the Spanish fleet under Rear Admiral Patricio Montojo was
The Spanish-American War was the brief conflict that the United States waged against Spain in 1898. The war had grown out of the Cuban struggle for independence, and whose other causes included American imperialism and the sinking of the U.S warship Maine. The actual hostilities in the war lasted four months, from April 25 to August 12, 1898. Most of the fighting occurred in or near the Spanish colonial possessions of Cuba and the Philippines, nearly halfway around the world form each other. In both battlegrounds, the decisive military event was the complete destruction of a Spanish naval squadron by a vastly superior U.S. fleet. These victories, after brief resistance, brought about the surrender of the Spanish to U.S. military forces as indicated by a peace treaty signed between the two countries on December 10, 1898, in Paris, France. In the end, the Americans had minimal casualties, while the Spanish suffered immense fatalities and damage to their naval resources (Encyclopedia Britannica).
Introduction The Spanish American War marked the emergence of the United States of America as a world power. The war which lasted only 10 weeks between April and August of 1898 took place over the liberation of Cuba. In the course of the war the U.S. won Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine Islands. A large aspect to the begining of the war was the explosion and sinking of the Maine on February 15 1898 at 9:30 PM in Havana Harbor. 260 American naval personnel where killed or wounded. The USS Maine was the second "second class" battle ship constructed for the U.S. Navy. It took almost nine years to complete three year took waiting for armor. The USS Maine was at the time the largest ship to be built in a U.S. Navy yard. The USS Maine arrived in the Havana harbor in Cuba on Jan. 24 of 1898. The USS Manie was sent to Cuba in response to a small protest by Spanish officers. The ship was under the command of Captian Charles Sigsbee.
The Model T changed the ways of America in an immense way. Ford's Model T revolutionized manufacturing. To help build his Model T more efficiently and with less money he used the assembly line. "By 1914, Ford and his engineers had installed a belt-driven movable production line that took the work to the worker, and then carried that man's work to another worker, and so, until a shining Model T rolled off the line. It was continuous flow production. No one had ever done this before.
Before the 1920's Americans use to walk and ride their horses for transportation. But when Henry Ford came along, he invented the first car that would drastically change American lives. This car was so popular that 4 out 5 of Americans owned a car. Many Americans also bought it because it was affordable to the rich and poor. It was named car of the century by critics. The Model T improved peoples lives because it united families, improved working conditions, improved social lives between couples, and it was used in many different ways.
Sir William Herschel discovered the planet Uranus in 1781. It was the first planet to be discovered in more modern times with the help of telescopes, and when Herschel first discovered it, he thought it was a comet. The orbit of the planet, however, was different from what scientists thought the orbit should be, so they figured that the reason for that was another object near the planet. They turned out to be right, and the planet Neptune was discovered in 1846. Herschel found Uranus because he was looking for double stars, and just so happened to come across the planet. He originally called the planet Georgium Sidus after King George III, but later scientists changed the name to
The Spanish American war was one that had major implications for the United States. At the time, Cuba was ruled by Spain and America wanted Cuba to gain its own independent. On February 15, 1898 the U.S. battleship, the Maine, was blown up in the Havana Harbor killing 266 Americans. This act by Spain created a major shift in how America would handle the War of Independence fight with Cuba. President McKinley was in a particularly tough spot when it came to the handling of the situation. He was faced with the question whether or not to go to war with Spain which would not be an easy task.
The Spanish American War started in 1898 and lasted about four months. Although the war might have seemed focused on freeing Cuba from Spain and gaining independence for Cuba and the Philippines, it was actually stimulated by nationalism and commercialism. Commercialism was a major factor when declaring war because the United States depended on Cuba and the Philippines for trade and business with other countries, especially in Asia and Latin America. Another major factor for the war was that the United States wanted to spread its Anglo-Saxon culture around the world and emerge as a world-wide power. Other minor motives for the war include the United States coming to the aid of the Cubans in their revolt against Spain and the feeling that the United States had the right to go into the Philippines because it had a superior culture.
This was the beginning of many awards in his experiments to come. He was elected to the Royal Society on May 29, 1756. This is probably one of the most influential factors in his work and this is one way that his work was seen by people all over Europe and other parts of the world. Members of the Royal Society had their scientific works published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. (DOSB,129)
For 113 days during the summer of 1898, the United States was at war with Spain. Neither the president of the United States, nor his cabinet, nor the the queen of Spain, nor her ministers wanted the war wanted the war. It happened eventhough they made their best efforts to prevent it. It happened because of ambition, miscalculation, and stupidity; and it happened because of kindness, wit, and resourcefulness. It also happened because some were indifferent to the suffering of the world’s wretched and others were not (O’Toole 17). By winning the war the United States proved the the rest of the world and to itself that it could and would fight against foreign nations. For many years, world power had been concentrated in the countries in Europe. Nations such as Great Britain, France, Germany, and Spain had the most influence in global affairs. But a shift in power was gradually taking place as the United States matured. The young nation gained wealth and strength. Its population grew immensely, and many people believed it would become a major world power (Bachrach, 11) Spain was one of the many European countries that had territory in the United States. Spain controlled mostly some islands off the coast of Central America. The most important of these were Cuba and Puerto Rico. The United States was led to believe that the Spanish mosgoverned and abused the people of these islands. In fact, Spain did overtax and mistreat the Cubans, who rebelled in 1868 and again in 1895. Thus, the American people felt sympathetic toward the Cuban independence movement. In addition, Spain had frequently interfered with trade between its colonies and the United States. Even though the United States had been a trading partner with Cuba since the seventeenth century, Spain sometimes tried to completely stop their trade with Cuba. In Spain doing so, this sometimes caused damage to U.S. commercial interests. The United States highly disagreed with Spain’s right to interfere with this trade relationship. (Bachrach, 12) The United States was also concerned that other trading and commercial interests were threatened by the number of ships and soldiers Spain kept in the area. If the United States had to fight a war with Canada or Mexico, these Spanish forces could quickly mobilize against the United States.
“The immediate origins of the 1898 Spanish-American War began with the Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894. The American tariff…put restrictions on sugar imports to the United States; severely hurt the economy of Cuba, which was based on producing and selling sugar” (SparkNotes: The Spanish American War, 1898-1901,: Summery). Spain began imposing unreasonable high taxes on Cuba. Spanish troops ambushed and killed Cuba’s leader, José Martí and appointed General Valeriano Weyler as governor with orders to crush the Cuban rebellion. Weyler instituted concentration camps and forced the Cuban citizens into them so they could not aid the fight for freedom. These innocents starved and died from disease in the unlivable conditions of these camps.
The first reason for the Spanish American War was public opinion. In 1895, American citizens took notice of a Cuban revolt against their corrupt Spanish oppressor. The Cuban insurgents reasoned that if they did enough damage , the US might move in and help the Cubans win their independence. Not only did Americans sympathize with the Cubans upon seeing tragic reports in the newspaper, but they also empathized in that the US once fought for their own independence from Britain. If France didn’t intervene, the Americans probably would not have won their freedom. As if this did not rally enough hate for the Spanish among the American Public, fuel was added to the flame by the Spanish General (“Butcher”) Weyler. He attempted to crush the rebellion by herding Cubans into barbed-wire concentration camps. In turn, the American public was outraged.
He was also apart of the 19th-century revolution in thermodynamics. He also was an American born British physicist and inventor.