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General laboratory techniques 1
General laboratory techniques 1
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In this lab the evidence contained ingredients B, D, and E. My team members and I came up to this conclusion because Nathan felt the evidence sample and he specifically said that it felt powdery and grainy like a crystal. With that, my table members immediately knew that it had to be Toner because when my team originally did the evidence sample we noticed it smelled sweet. Powder B smelled sweet and Toner was the only one with B but Tavaglione and Siy also contained B as well. My team and I knew that it could not be Tavaglione and Siy because none of them contained powder D. Powder D was the only powder to react to the Iodine test and the evidence sample was one to react with the Iodine test as well. Now my team and I knew that it coulden’t be Tavaglione or Siy. Powder E
The iodine test resulted in chemical reactions when the powder turned purple or blackish. The vinegar test resulted in a chemical reaction when the substance fizzed up or gave a gas production. The water test resulted in a chemical reaction when the powder/substance changes its texture or color. It was important to make an evidence sample test to support my hypothesis because my table group and I have to clarify and make sure that it is the correct person that we are saying is guilty. It is good to retest because if the evidence sample does not match with our original combination then we will have to find a new combination that matches with the evidence sample. Some precautions that my table and I did to avoid cross contamination was to keep all of the lids (that held the powders) closed except for one. My table and I also made sure that the plate (that carried all of the powders) was rinsed clearly and was dried all the way. Next time to improve this lab I would make sure that my table would not argue with each other so we can get all of our work
Then, an amount of KI (solid) about a size that would fit on a match head was dissolved in 0.05 of Potassium Iodate solution and about 1 mL of water and 1 mL of 1 M HCl were added, which exhibited a weak positive test for IO_3^- (aq). After the weak positive test, an amount of KI (solid) about a size that would fit on a match head was dissolved in about 1 mL of water and 1 mL of 1 M HCl, which exhibited a negative
2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol. The molecular weight of this compound is 146.2g/mol. It is converted into 2-ethyl-1-hydroxyhexan-3-one. This compounds molecular weight is 144.2g/mol. This gives a theoretical yield of .63 grams. My actual yield was .42 grams. Therefore, my percent yield was 67%. This was one of my highest yields yet. I felt that this was a good yield because part of this experiment is an equilibrium reaction. Hypochlorite must be used in excess to push the reaction to the right. Also, there were better ways to do this experiment where higher yields could have been produced. For example PCC could have been used. However, because of its toxic properties, its use is restricted. The purpose of this experiment was to determine which of the 3 compounds was formed from the starting material. The third compound was the oxidation of both alcohols. This could not have been my product because of the results of my IR. I had a broad large absorption is the range of 3200 to 3500 wavenumbers. This indicates the presence of an alcohol. If my compound had been fully oxidized then there would be no such alcohol present. Also, because of my IR, I know that my compound was one of the other 2 compounds because of the strong sharp absorption at 1705 wavenumbers. This indicates the presence of a carbonyl. Also, my 2,4-DNP test was positive. Therefore I had to prove which of the two compounds my final product was. The first was the oxidation of the primary alcohol, forming an aldehyde and a secondary alcohol. This could not have been my product because the Tollen’s test. My test was negative indicating no such aldehyde. Also, the textbook states that aldehydes show 2 characteristic absorption’s in the range of 2720-2820 wavenumbers. No such absorption’s were present in my sample. Therefore my final product was the oxidation of the secondary alcohol. My final product had a primary alcohol and a secondary ketone
Furthermore, you will compare their reactions with water, universal indicator, vinegar and iodine solution to discover what the mystery powder is. Purpose: To identify the mystery powder based on its physical and
The purpose of conducting experiment was to determine the identity of white compound. Based on the 5 gram of unknown white compound several experiment conducted including solubility test, pH test, flame test, and ion test. Several materials including chemicals used throughout experiment and will be described through paragraphs.
* It was almost impossible to tell when the Alka-Seltzer tablet had dissolved, each time the experiment was done. This was a huge problem for the experiment as this could have totally caused problems to the experiment. A special type of detector apparatus, which bleeped when the correct amount of Alka-Seltzer tablet dissolved, could improve this, each time the experiment was done.
One of the most primitive actions known is the consumption of lactose, (milk), from the mother after birth. Mammals have an innate predisposition towards this consumption, as it is their main source of energy. Most mammals lose the ability to digest lactose shortly after their birth. The ability to digest lactose is determined by the presence of an enzyme called lactase, which is found in the lining of the small intestine. An enzyme is a small molecule or group of molecules that act as a catalyst (catalyst being defined as a molecule that binds to the original reactant and lowers the amount of energy needed to break apart the original molecule to obtain energy) in breaking apart the lactose molecule. In mammals, the lactase enzyme is present
By comparing the texture of each, we can immediately eliminated baking powder, chemically known as NaHCO3, because it had a finer texture and lacked the crystalline structure evident in Figure 2B. The remaining suspects would then be table salt or NaCl in Figure 2D or Epsom salt in Figure 2E. In continuing to compare crystal structures, table salt had a blocky, cubic crystal structure; whereas Epsom salt contained more irregularly shaped particles, most of which appeared to be pentagons. Figure 2B showed that the crystal structure of the salt was in no way cubic or regularly-shaped, eliminating it from the list of possible constituents. That would leave behind Epsom salt as the identity of the salt from
How am I going to make it a fair test I will use a clean flask for
Methionine represents the first limiting amino acid in broiler nutrition, thus different sources are available to balance diets based of corn and soybean. Bioavailability is different for each methionine source because of its rate of absorption and metabolic pathways. A broiler experiment was conducted to determine the relative bioavailability of Hydroxyl Methyl Analog Calcium (HMA-Ca) relative to DL-Methionine(DL-Met). The experiment was conducted at at Lavinesp (Unesp, Jaboticabal). It was used 1890 male broiler Cobb 500 of 21 days old, they were weighted and distributed homogeneously in a complete randomized design with 13 treatments and 7 replicates each. All birds fed either a basal diet deficient in sulphur amino acids, digestible methionine and cysteine (dig Met+Cys), or the basal diet with four levels of HMA-Ca (0.063, 0.183, 0.302 and 0.540%) and DL-Met (0.054, 0.156, 0.259 and 0.463%) to achieve increasing levels of dig Met+Cys. For the analysis, 5% of significance was considered and procedures of non-linear model were used by SAS. Exponential regression determinates bioavailability of HMA-Ca relative to DL-Met by calculating the relation of the slope of HMA-Ca relative to DL-Met
1. The labels have fallen off of three bottles thought to contain hydrochloric acid, or sodium chloride solution, or sodium hydroxide solution. Describe a simple experiment which would allow you to determine which bottle contains which solution.
Ties and hair should be tucked out of the way, so they do not make contact with any of the chemicals. It would also be preferable to wear a scientific apron, however this is not essential. We should also try our best not to spill any chemicals, and we must not eat or drink in the lab while dealing with these harmful chemicals, as they can get on our hands. Fair Test To make this experiment a fair test, we need to make sure we do a number of things. In this experiment we are trying to find the rate of reaction using concentration as a factor, so there are a number of things we need to make sure we do to keep it a fair test.
When a suspect’s weapon is examined in the lab, it will be test fired into a box filled with cotton or a tank of water to provide the examiner with the bullets and cartridges with a known history. Using a microscope, the known cartridges are compared with the ones in question. With some patience, skill, and a little luck, experts can definitively say that a certain firearm and no other fired this bullet, or ejected this cartridge.
These were all naturally occurring substances. No refinement had occurred, and isolation of specific compounds (drugs) had not taken place.
There is also the potential of human error within this experiment for example finding the meniscus is important to get an accurate amount using the graduated pipettes and burettes. There is a possibility that at one point in the experiment a chemical was measured inaccurately affecting the results. To resolve this, the experiment should have been repeated three times.