The lab we completed and the gold foil experiment are very similar in the ideas and ways that they worked. In the gold foil experiment the alpha-particle emitter would send a laser to bounce off a piece of gold foil which would cause some of the particles to be reflected and shown on the detecting screen. This is similar to the activity we completed because when we dropped the marble on the paper it acted as the laser, when the marble hit the carbon paper it was deflected onto the piece of circle paper underneath the carbon sheet. This activity and experiment contrasted because in the activity we completed there is not a similar size between the circles and the atoms. Atoms are the smallest unit of matter meaning that they are very hard to actually see, while in the …show more content…
After reading the given information about Rutherford’s experiment, I believe that Rutherford inferred that the nucleus was very small. This was shown when only 1 of 8000 alpha particles were able to be deflected onto the nucleus. The marks in the experiment that would represent the deflected particles would be the marks located within the circles. With the circles being small and not large it was harder for the marks to be made in the circle which would represent how difficult it was for many particles to be deflected as well. The percentage of our deflected particles was 15% which compares to Rutherford’s 0.01% of deflected particles. Although the numbers are not relatively close, they are reasonable because of the precision and way that we calculated the deflected particles compared to how Rutherford did. If this activity were to better represent the gold foil experiment, the circles of the sheet would have to be much smaller. In order to
Forensic Science Introduction: Someone in a restaurant has suddenly fallen ill and a mystery powder has been discovered with the victim. As the chief investigator, your duty is to identify the mystery substance through a lab. In this lab, it will consist of five known compounds and one unknown compound. Your job is to distinguish which one out of the five substances is the mystery powder. To figure out the mystery matter you will have to compare their physical and chemical properties and match them with the appropriate compound.
The experiment we did was Copper Cycle. We reverted the copper to its elemental form after a chain of reactions. We performed a series of reactions, starting with copper metal and nitric acid to form copper (ii) nitrate. Then we reacted copper with sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and zinc to form precipitates. In conclusion our percent recovery was 40.38%.
The purpose of the experiment is to determine the ID of an unknown diprotic acid by establishing its pKa values. The first phase is to determine the unknown diprotic acid by titration, which is a technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the molecular weight. While the second phase involved seeing how much NaOH needed to standardize diprotic acid.
The amazing transformation the study of physics underwent in the two decades following the turn of the 20th century is a well-known story. Physicists, on the verge of declaring the physical world “understood”, discovered that existing theories failed to describe the behavior of the atom. In a very short time, a more fundamental theory of the ...
Particle physics deals with the study of the smallest, most intricate objects of nature. Examples of these particles include the atom (10-10 m), nucleus (10-14 m), and quarks (less than 10-19 m) (Ekeren, 2013). These fundamental particles trace back to the moments after the Big Bang. As a way to explore how our universe evolved to what is in existence now, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, abbreviated as CERN, built the world’s most powerful particle accelerator during 1998 and 2008 – the Large Hadron Collider, or, the LHC. (STFC, n.d.). The LHC is the last element of the chain of accelerator complex present in CERN. The accelerator complex consists of a sequence of machines with increasingly higher energies (CERN, 2009). In the LHC, each particle beam injected is accelerated up to 7 TeV (electronvolt) of energy. The LHC is composed of different experimental halls which are intended for different purposes which will be discussed further in this paper. Physicists believes that the energy density and temperature data gathered from the collision experiments at the LHC will be able to demonstrate what existed within the moments after the Big Bang, to provide an example for its data’s use. They recreate and simulate these experiments inside the 27 km accelerator through beam collision of beams of high-energy protons or ions which travel at the speed of light, or 300 million meters per second (STFC, n.d.; US/LHC, 2012).
Within the Gilbane Gold case, the major problem is the contribution of water pollution by dumping chemicals to speed production for Z CORP. However, there is doubt as to what extent the company violated city regulations. Tom Richards believes that Z-CORP broke regulations repeatedly but Professor Massin believes that it is not solid evidence. Part of the problem is that two different tests are involved: an older and a less sensitive test which does not break regulations but there is also the newer and more sensitive one which does. The newer test was said that the company just broke city regulations, but not by a large amount.
he found the number of alpha particles emitted per second by a gram of radium.
When people think of comparison and likeness, they rapidly jump to immediate observations and obvious detections. They fail to perceive the more imperative and subtle attributes. Whether anybody knows it or not, everything that inhabits the world and even the universe is alike in at least one way. All of these substances contain matter. Matter is the physical substance which encompasses everything, from dusty nebulas to the food on one’s dinner plate. It can be described as anything that has mass and takes up space. Within this matter are infinitesimal particles called atoms. So far, they are what scientists believe to be the smallest part of anything and can even be synthesized in labs (Oxlade 7.) The knowledge scientists possess of atoms is huge, in contrast to their microscopic size. In fact, modern day scientists would not have even obtained this knowledge if preceding chemists and physicists did not unveil what was covered. They paved the way to the vast expansion of awareness and allowed the atom to be seen in its true form. However, these impeccable discoveries did not spawn from a single human being, but rather from a chronological timeline of coincidental events.
John Steinbeck’s Cup of Gold narrates the life of an youth turned adventurer named Henry Morgan. John Steinbeck’s portrayal of Henry’s dogged quest for wealth and glory depicts the hidden dangers of desire. Steinbeck utilizes several literary techniques to demonstrate the dissatisfaction and corruption that accompanies unchecked desires.
Before Rutherford’s Geiger-Marsden experiment the most popular model of the atom was the “plum pudding model” developed in 1904 by the person who also discovered the electron in 1897, J.J. Thompson. It was the most common model of the atom and stated that electrons (plum) floated around with free movement in a mass of positive charge (pudding), hence the name “plum pudding.” There were no other sub-atomic particles in the diagram, as they had not been discovered at the time of J.J. Thompson’s model of the atom, however it was know that the atom has neutral, so Thompson’s theory of the positive cloud substituted protons. There were several problems with Thompson’s model, including the lack of a nucleus with protons, which lead Thompson and other scientists to believe that the atom had electrons to balance out it’s positively charged nature and give the atom a neutral charge. Although this theory was widely accepted, some scientists theorised that Thompson’s model was incorrect, one of them being Hantaro Nagaoka who countered Thompson’s model with the argument that opposite charges cannot infiltrate one another, so the positive charge held by the atom must be focused in the nucleus and the electrons would revolve around the outside. Rutherford’s experiment would prove Nagaoka correct, ...
In 1934 it was known that atoms consisted of a nucleus, containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. It was also known that certain nuclei were radioactive. Radioactive nuclei emit alpha particles, which are pieces of nuclear matter containing two protons and two neutrons. After the alpha particle leaves the nucleus radium is changed into radon. If the radon gas is combined with several grams of beryllium then neutrons are found to be emitted. When the alpha particle enters a beryllium nucleus it provides enough kinetic energy for a neutron to burst out, leaving behind a carbon nucleus in the process. It was later determined that this energy could be harnessed by a nuclear reactor and used for power.
In order to discover the initial properties of the unknown compound, the group performed qualitative, quantitative, conductivity, anion, and cation tests. For the qualitative solubility test, solvents used were water, toluene, and acetone; the test helped determine if the compound was ionic or polar. The unknown dissolved in water, which had a pH of 7, therefore the compound was polar or ionic. The unknown did not dissolve in toluene or acetone, proving that the compound was not nonpolar. During the quantitative test, group members placed two grams of the unknown compound ten milliliters of water and measured how much compound would dissolve in a given volume of solution. Using an Erlenmeyer flask and a volumetric pipet, the students dissolved two grams of the unknown into ten milliliters of water and a precipitate
In the beginning of the 1800s John Dalton, an English scientist did work some work on gases, which lead him to the creation of a complex system of symbols for all known elements at the time. He took all the information he had collected, along with the Laws of Conservation of Mass, Definite Composition and Multiple Proportions and updated Aristotle's theory of matter with the Atomic Theory of Matter, which stated: - All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. - Atoms of an element have identical properties. - Atoms of different elements have different properties. - Atoms of two or more elements can combine in constant ratios to form new substances. In the late 1800s a man named J. J. Thomson did some experiments, who's results did not agree with Dalton's Atomic Theory. Thomson passed electricity though gases, my his experiments, he theorized the existence negatively charged subatomic particles he called electrons. From this theory Thomson created a model of a atom which had the electrons placed evenly inside the atoms. In the early 1900s a Japanese scientist named H. Nagaoka designed an atom model as a large sphere surrounded by a ring of negatively charged electrons. Also, during the early 1900s (1898-1907) a physicist named Ernest Rutherford worked on experiments to test current atom models. His experiments involved shooting rays of alpha particles (small positively charged particles) though very thin pieces of gold foil. Based on Thomson's model, Rutherford hypothesized that the alpha particles would travel through the gold foil mostly unaffected by the gold. He was right. Most of the particles did pass through, but a small amount of particles were deflected. From this Rutherford hypothesized that the atoms must have a small positively charged core, the nucleus, which is surrounded by mainly empty space, which contains the electrons. In 1914 Rutherford made up the word "proton," which were subatomic particles that had a positive charge. A student of Rutherford's, a man named H. G. J. Moseley was the one who gathered the empirical support for Rutherford's work. In his experiments he used X-rays to show that the positive charge in the nucleus grows by one, from each element to the other. From this Moseley devised the concept of Atomic Number. In 1932, James Chadwick established that the nucleus must contain heavy neutral particles as well as positive ones, this was to explain the entire mass of the atom.
The next big step in the discovery of the atom was the scientific test that proved the existence of the atom. After the discovery of the atom we had the discovery of subatomic particles. With the discovery of the subatomic particles came the research, which came from experiments that were made to find out more about the subatomic particles. This research is how we uncovered that most of the weight of an atom is from its nucleus. With the gold foil experiment, tested by Ernest Rutherford, he discovered the existence of the positively charged nucleus. He proved this when the experiment was happening, a small fraction of the photons th...
The understanding that matter was composed of atoms was changed with the discovery of smaller particles than the atoms, which are protons, neutrons, and electrons. But during the 1960’s, the multitude of particles being discovered was making the understanding that matter is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, insufficient. Murray Ge...