The purpose of this particular experiment was to conclude which part of the fly thorax cell homogenate carries out glycolysis and which part carries out respiration. Methylene blue was the only true indicator as to whether glycolysis and respiration occurred. If dissolved oxygen levels were low then the methylene blue would become colorless and bleach. This was the case for four out of the seven test tubes. The results have shown that test tubes one, four, five, and seven did bleach. This is because the process of respiration had occurred in those tubes; therefore, the dissolved oxygen levels were low and bleaching was forced to occur. Test tube one bleached because it contained glucose and the whole homogenate which includes both the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Glucose was used in the cytoplasm to fuel glycolysis to eventually lead to respiration. Test tube four had glucose and the supernatant which fueled glycolysis and lead to respiration causing the tube to bleach. Test tube five had succinate and the pellet, which means it was lead straight into the kreb’s cycle eventually making the tube bleach. Test tube seven is unique on the reason it bleached because glucose and succinate were already present from the broken up cells; therefore, glycolysis was occurring before the …show more content…
Different reasoning led to different amounts of time in which they took to bleach. Timing ranged from ten to twenty minutes. Tube seven took the longest time of twenty minutes because its constituents were of the original and older broken up cells. These older cells still possessed the quantity; however, they did not possess the new and fresher quality hence the bleaching process occurred at a slower rate. Tube five took the shortest time of ten minutes because it contained succinate which is an intermediate for the kreb’s cycle; therefore, respiration was able to occur much faster than in the other
The beet Lab experiment was tested to examine bio-membranes and the amount of betacyanin extracted from the beets. The betacyanin is a reddish color because it transmits wavelengths in red color and absorbs most other colors. The membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The phospholipid bilayer forms a barrier that is impermeable to many substances like large hydrophilic molecules. The cells of beets are red and have large vacuoles that play a big role for the reddish pigment. This experiment aimed to answer the question, “How do cell membranes work?” The hypothesis we aim to test is: Cell membranes work as a fluid mosaic bilayer of phospholipids with many embedded proteins. We predicted that the 50% Acetone will break down the most betacyanin. Our hypothesis was proven wrong by our data collected. We could test our predictions by doing the experiment multiple times and compare the
Biology 2A03 Lab 4 Respiratory Gas Exchange in a Mouse Lab Manual. Winter Term 2014 (2014). Biology Department. McMaster University.
The circulatory system and respiratory system share a highly important relationship that is crucial to maintaining the life of an organism. In order for bodily processes to be performed, energy to be created, and homeostasis to be maintained, the exchange of oxygen from the external environment to the intracellular environment is performed by the relationship of these two systems. Starting at the heart, deoxygenated/carbon-dioxide (CO2)-rich blood is moved in through the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium, then into the right ventricle when the heart is relaxed. As the heart contracts, the deoxygenated blood is pumped through the pulmonary arteries to capillaries in the lungs. As the organism breathes and intakes oxygenated air, oxygen is exchanged with CO2 in the blood at the capillaries. As the organism breathes out, it expels the CO2 into the external environment. For the blood in the capillaries, it is then moved into pulmonary veins and make
For the lab experiment for Membrane Damage, we tested the extract pigment and diluted it. When the pH solutions are added, this will cause it to be in a range of absorbance. We used materials as follows. Obtaining a beet we proceeded to cut small individual cubes. We then rinse each cube to remove any damaged pigments with deionized water. Using a blender, we blend the beets with 15 mL of pH 7 DI water. After blending we used cheesecloth to separate the liquid from the solids for easier centrifuge process. Then we put the liquid beet into a centrifuge tube and centrifuge it for 5 minutes at 2500 rpm. We then remove the supernatant into a beaker, and discarded the sediment. Using a 1:4 ratio mixture of the supernatant and deionized water, we made a stock solution. We then tested the stock solution’s absorbance with a spectrophotometer, and place 1 mL of the solution into separate test tubes. Next we added an additional 4 mL of pH solutions in the 2-11 range into each test tube. After mixing, we tested the absorbance for each solution using a spectrophotometer.
In this activity Respiratory Responses to Metabolic Acidosis and Metabolic Alkalosis is recorded. As the metabolic rate increases, BPM increases, Blood pH decreases, carbon dioxide increases, hydrogen ion increases and bicarbonate level decreases. Likely as the metabolic rate decreases, BPM decreases, Blood pH increases, Pco2 decreases, Hydrogen ion decreases, and bicarbonate level decreases. The respiratory system compensates for metabolic
Variation in selection pressures on the goldenrod gall fly and the competitive interactions of its natural enemies
Theodor’s experiment was created in part to learn which wavelengths (colors) of light were most effective in carrying out photosynthesis and to prove that it occurs in chloroplast. The experiment was inspired by Theodor’s observation of aerobic bacteria. Theodor observed that aerobic bacteria would move towards the chloroplasts of green algae. Theodor hypothesized that the reason why the bacteria moved toward the chloroplasts was because the organelle generated oxygen via photosynthesis. If photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, then the bacteria would aggregate on the chloroplasts producing the most oxygen. Theodor’s experiment was essential because it demonstrated that chloroplasts were the site of photosynthesis. Furthermore,
... maximum decolorization of 97 and 77% was detected for Solar Blue A and Solar Flavine 5G at and temperature 50ºC and pH 4 respectively. They observed that by increasing incubation time and enzyme units, the % decolourization also enhanced. H2O2 dose of 0.7mM for Salar Flavin 5G and 0.8mM for Solar Blue A was enough for the dye degradation.
After five the test tube was removed and cooled to room temperature. Three more test tubes were obtained and labeled 1, 2, and 3. The correct reagent was added to each test tube as seen. The spectrophotometer was adjusted
Ideally the purified cellulase that was in test tube 4, which was 50 mg/ml, should have had a higher absorbance, but for unknown reasons, the cellulase has not been working all semester long. Test tube 2 had cellulase at a 1 mg/ml concentration. Next time, instead of a 1-hour incubation period at 50°C, there should be a 3-hour incubation period at 55°C. This would give the cellulase more time to break down the filter paper at a higher temperature.
Simon, E. J., Reece, J. B., Dickey, J. L. (02/2012). Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, 4th Edition [VitalSource Bookshelf version 6.2]. Retrieved from http://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781256902089
I used Cheerios, distilled water, and a pestle and mortar. I ground the Cheerios until they had a fine, sand-like texture and consistency. I then added distilled water and mixed until I was left with a thin, runny solution, that was beige in color. Once I had the stock solution made, I was able to perform my first experiment, beginning with Benedict’s reagent. For this experiment I used a hot plate, beaker, and three test tubes, one labeled + (positive control), - (negative control), and Cheerios. Two milliliters of each solution was then added to the tubes they were labeled to go into. In this experiment, the positive control was a glucose solution. I then added two milliliters of Benedict’s reagent to each tube. Once a boiling bath had been made using water, the beaker, and the hot plate, each of the three test tubes were places, sitting upwards, into the boiling bath. A timer was set for three minutes, and I recorded the color
The mixture for that table’s flask was 15 mL Sucrose, 10 mL of RO water and 10 mL of Yeast, which the flask was then placed in an incubator at 37 degrees Celsius. In my hypothesis for comparison #4 the measurements would go up again with every 15 min. intervals because of the high tempeture and also be higher that then Controlled Table’s measurements. Hypothesis was right for the first part but was wrong for the second part of the comparison, the measurements did increase in the table’s personal flask but the measurements did not get higher than the Controlled Table’s measurements, see chart below. In conclusion, I feel that the substitution of glucose for sucrose made the enzymes work just as hard as the Controlled Table’s flask but just not as much because sucrose was too strong for the enzymes to
The second part of this lab deals with photosynthesis. This lab has several experiments. In the first experiment students will learn about the effects that different colored test tubes have on photosynthesis in elodea sprigs.
The Cell, the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. Some cells are complete organisms, such as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa, others, such as nerve, liver, and muscle cells, are specialized components of multicellular organisms. In another words, without cells we wouldn’t be able to live or function correctly. There are Animal Cells and Plant Cells. In Biology class the other day we studied the Animal Cell. We were split into groups of our own and we each picked a different animal cell slide to observe. My group chose the slide,'; Smeared Frog Blood ';.