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Psychology of lying
Deception in modern society
Why deception should be in psychological research
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1. The Facial Recognition Lab was performed in order to determine whether or not the familiarity effect can be used to influence an individual’s memory. In the lab, ten Most Wanted faces were shown and the subject was asked to study them for an indefinite amount of time. Once they clicked “Next”, they were shown 20 faces in random order, ten of which were from the list they had just studied and ten were new faces. The subject was asked to determine which were new and which were Most Wanted. In theory this should be a relatively easy task, because the subject does not necessarily need to remember that a face was on the previous list, merely that they had seen it before. That it was familiar to them. Thus, on the second day they were shown 20 faces again. If the subject was randomly assigned into the control group, then they saw the Most Wanted faces mixed in with ten new faces. Otherwise they were assigned into the false memory group and were shown the exact same 20 faces they had seen the previous day. The subjects are given a “discrimination index” based on their level of accuracy. The hypothesis is that the control group will perform significantly better (i.e. have a higher discrimination index) than the members of the false memory group. This is because the control group still merely has to recognize a face. Granted they aren’t aware of which group they are in, but to the false memory group, all of the faces will have some degree of familiarity. They must go a step further and actually reconstruct which faces were on the Most Wanted list and which were not.
2. The independent variables in this experiment are the time and the foils presented to the subject. The dependent variable is the discrimination index. The...
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...se their ability to identify the right person. This could also be applied in the police force. If identification photos incorporated this type of technique, it would be much easier and much quicker for an officer to verify one’s identity. And if this technique were used on portraits and pictures presented to school children it could potentially make figures more recognizable. In all of these cases, utilizing this technique could possibly increase one’s empathy towards members of other races as well. By averaging out distractions, it makes it easier to focus on the defining characteristics of a profile. Not only does this prove useful for identification, but it may also make it easier for one to detect changes they may not have noticed before. It could make people better at detecting certain emotions in members of other races, thus making them more empathetic.
Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D. T., & Wegner, D. M. (2010). Psychology. (2nd ed., p. 600). New York: Worth Pub.
“Accuracy-confidence correlation: an eye witnesses’ stated confidence is not a good predictor of identification accuracy; Stress effects: highly stressful situations may make an experience seem especially vivid, but such stressors can reduce the ability to recall details about a person’s face…Cross-race bias: eye witnesses are more accurate at identifying members of their own race than members of other races.”
Roediger III, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating False Memories: Remembering Words Not Presented in Lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cogntion, 21, 803-814.
The authors’ interest in the application of priming to visual perception stems from a lack of empirical research done in this particular field. Priming a certain social identity (race, gender, age, or occupation) and its impact on cognition (in the form of performance on verbal and math tests) has received sufficient theoretical and empirical attention (Shih, Ambady, Richeson, Fujita, and Gray). The authors want to explore the unique situation of mixed race priming. The premise they base their research on is that visual search is important to everyday functioning (Wolfe, 1998), since social recognition, a necessary tool for social communication and survival. Another finding they base their hypothesis on is that Whites detect a Black face among a set of White faces faster than a White face among Black faces (Levin 1996,2000). Levin proposed the race-feature theory off his findings: “Whites code Black faces according to race-specifying features”.
Going into details of the article, I realized that the necessary information needed to evaluate the experimental procedures were not included. However, when conducting an experiment, the independent and dependent variable are to be studied before giving a final conclusion.
In this study, Øverås et al. (2014) experiment’s had two independent variables. The first independ...
...T an "antidote to racial profiling...If you look for a certain race or ethnicity, you're making a big mistake.
Now-a-day, biometric authentication system or simply biometric system, offers a reliable and user-friendly solution to the problem of identity management by establishing the identity of an individual based on “who the person is”, rather than the knowledge-based i.e. “what the person knows" or token-based i.e. “what the person carries” (Jain et al., 1999). The word biometrics is derived from the Greek words bios (meaning life) and metron (meaning measurement); biometric identifiers are measurements from living human body (Maltoni et al., 2003). Biometric system refers to automatically identify or verify an individual's identity based on his physiological characteristics (e.g. fingerprints, face, iris and hand geometry) and behavioral characteristics (e.g. gait, voice and signature) (Figure 2.1). Ancillary characteristics (also known as soft biometric) such as gender, ethnicity, age, eye color, skin color, scars and tatoos also provide some information about the identity of a person. However, soft biometric traits do not provide sufficient evidence to precisely determine the identity (Jain et al., 2004a). Biometric traits provide a unique and permanent binding between an individual and his identity. This “binding" cannot be easily lost, forgotten, shared or forged and free from making false repudiation claims. Biometrics offers several advantages over conventional security measures. These include
As we go through our everyday lives we are always being watched whether it’s by security guards cameras or even each other. This leads us to make assumptions with the people around us. The benefit is that you use a distinguishing characteristic to narrow down suspects and find people who commit crimes. There are many benefits of law enforcement should practice it. They already do practice profiling of every sort: height, weight, color, sex, income level, there is virtually no limit. In the eyes of an average Joe that's how you catch the bad guys.
Bernstein and Loftus start off describing the first approach, which is Focusing on group of memories. This first study consists of subjects studying a list of items like words, nonsense syllables, pictures, tones, etc. (Loftus, Bernstein, p.370, 2009). Subjects will then try to recall what they studied or try to recognize which items were presented. These two are called recall test and recognition test. In these studies scientists tend to manipulate the information in different ways. The subjects in these kind of experiments, typically falsely remembered recent memory. Cognitive scientists have turned to neuroscience in hopes of learning what the brain can reveal about memory and cognition (Loftus, Bernstein, p.371, 2009).
The experiments were quite simple, in that there was a seemingly harmless task to be performed, and the participants were instructed to choose the estimation of the lengths of a line when compared to two ...
This phenomenon of memory has been tested many times using the Wadsworth CogLab false memory experiment. In the Wadsworth experiment, participants are presented with a list of words each of which is shown for one and half seconds. These experiments usually entail six trial lists. After each list is shown, the participants are given a set of response buttons labeled with the words from the list. The buttons also include normal distractor words (a word that is unrelated to the list but was not shown), and special distractor words (a word that is related
Berkowitz, L. & Cotton, J. (1984). Cognitive Dissonance in Selective Exposure. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 17, 357-373.
The first experiment that DeVoe and House (2012) conducted was to directly test their hypothesis. The procedure of this experiment was to take 53 undergraduate students (32 femal...