3.6. Evolution of Phycocyanin The evolution of Phycocyanin during the summer is presented from Fig. 13. Cyanobacteria occurrence and dominance have increased from June to September. It is found that the southern part of the lake has the highest concentration of Phycocyanin (approximately 50 µg/L), and Phycocyanin presents relatively highly over the lake. At the surface In June, there was little presence of Phycocyanin on the surface of the lake. Phycocyanin was not present until July 30th in the middle-east and north sections of the lake. On September 10th most of the surface is covered with a low concentration except for a small section in the far north. Early October on the lake had the highest concentration of Phycocyanin. The whole …show more content…
Comparing the Fig. 14 and 15, it is clear that Nitrates do not have as fast an effect on the chlorophyll-a as TP does. The level of Nitrate starts at 0 mg/L (again, initial value of the study after winter season), and the predicted value of chlorophyll-a is 12 µg/L. The concentration of chlorophyll-a increases slowly until the value of Nitrate is 0.6 mg/L. At this point, the value of chlorophyll-a increases at a steeper slope until Nitrate reaches 1.6 mg/L. Temperature has a decreasing linear effect on chlorophyll-a concentration. For the model, it should be noted that predictions could not be done for temperatures lower than 15 degrees Celsius or higher that 30 degrees Celsius. This is because such low/high temperature is out of the real local conditions. However, we can see from the simulation is that if the temperature goes higher and higher (beyond 30 degrees), the chlorophyll-a decreases. As temperature increases from 16 degrees Celsius, there is a sharp decrease in the value of chlorophyll-a …show more content…
Figure 17 show the relationship between DO and chlorophyll-a. DO starts at approximately 2 mg/L and chlorophyll-a at 30. As the value of DO is increased, the chlorophyll-a concentration slowly decreases until DO reaches 8 mg/L. Once the value of DO surpasses 8mg/L, chlorophyll-a starts to increase with DO until the maximum predicted value of 37 µg/L is reached when DO is around mg/L. This ‘win-win’ relationship between DO and Chlorophyll-a showed also an inverse effect, that means when DO can increase by the fact that when the algae develop (Chlorophyll-a increasing), the photosynthesis of diverse species of algae release more oxygen to the waterbody. The prediction for pH appears to have an error starting out (Fig. 18). The value of chlorophyll-a is in the negative numbers until pH reaches the value of 7. Out of all the single effect parameters, pH appears to be one of the top parameters to effect chlorophyll-a concentration, next to temperature. When the pH value exceeds 7, the chlorophyll-a concentration sharply increases. This increase stopped once the pH reaches 9, and once that value is exceeded, the chlorophyll-a concentration slightly decreases to a plateau of 80 µg/L (Fig.
... in the chloroplasts in some of their cells. Chlorophyll allows the energy in sunlight to drive chemical reactions. Chloroplasts act as energy transducers, converting light energy into chemical energy. So as the plant has more light the chlorophyll inside the chloroplasts can react faster absorbing in more light for food and energy.¡¨ So this shows my prediction was correct for in my experiment and shown in my result table and graph the more light intensity there is on a plant the higher the rate of my photosynthesis will be. My prediction is very close to what I said the results will be so my prediction was correct and has been proven to be correct in my result table, graph and now explained again in my conclusion.
The Effect of Light Intensity on the Rate of Oxygen Production in a Plant While Photosynthesis is Taking Place
The ineptitude of the monogastric animals to fully hydrolyze the phytic acid resulted in several problems. For instances, supplementation of inorganic phosphate, which is expensive, is needed to compensate with the inability of the monogastric animals to utilize phytic acid. The supplementation of inorganic phosphate in the animal feeds is crucial to meet the animals’ dietary requirements. Furthermore, the unutilized phytate-phosphorus causes the concentration of phosphorus in the animals’ excreta increases and this will indirectly contributes to serious phosphorus pollution complication (Pen et al., 1993; Volfova et al., 1994). Cyanobacterial blooms, hypoxia and death of marine animals have been reported to occur as a consequence of the eutrophication of the rivers by this excessive phosphorus (Mallin, 2000; Naqvi et al., 2000). In fact, phytic acid has been well-known for ...
The bottom of the chain and the trophic level that depends upon by all others is the primary producers. These primary producers consist of autotrophs, which are capable of deriving their food and energy source without consuming organisms or substances taken from other organisms. In the Arctic lake of Alaska, one of it’s primary producers consists of aquatic plants and algae. These aquatic and algae contain chlorophyll, which means that they can use light energy from the sun to synthesize glucose and other organic compounds, that they can use for cellular respiration and building material for growth. In other words, called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis requires light energy, but some autotrophs use chemosynthesis, which means they can convert nutrients to organic compounds without light in the presence.
Because of farm fertilizer, an excess quantity of nitrogen and phosphorus can be wash down becoming runoff into rivers. From this, marine algal blooms cause the water to turn green from the chlorophyll (Reed, 2011). Eutrophication then becomes a dilemma in the system causing either an increase of primary production or an expansion of algae. An enormous expansion of phytoplankton on the water’s surface is then established. At the same time the water column is also stratified, meaning things such as the temperature and salinity are not sync from top to bottom. The seasonal warm surface water has a low density forming a saltier layer above while the cooler and more dense water masses near the bottom layer is isolated from the top cutting off oxygen supply from the atmosphere (Overview, 2008).
= > [CH2O} + O2 + H2O, This shows that when the light intensity is increased the rate of reaction will be more quicker he only anomalous result there was, is the one in the 100 watt result the reading after 5 minutes is anomalous because it does not follow the predicted pattern of increasing in the production of gas because it is lower I know from my own knowledge of photosynthesise that when the light intensity is increased the rate of reaction will be more quicker because many plants and trees photosynthesise quicker in stronger light and photosynthesise slower in dimly lit places. The chlorophyll absorbs light energy and enables it to be used by the plant for building up sugar. The overall effect is that energy is transferred from sunlight to sugar molecules.
Methodology: The experimenter used two ten gallon tanks. One tank will be used for the controlled group and the other tank will be used for the experimental group. Each tank will have two pounds of sand spread among the bottom of the tank along with rocks and artificial habitats to add nitrogen to the tanks. To add optimal living conditions for the oceanic life water filtration systems, temperature regulator, circulation systems, and a light to mimic the sun’s rays were added to each tank. At all times both tanks had a temperature of 75 degrees F. This experiment was done over a three month period. The first month was to allow the nitrogen cycle to occur. This allows the fish to be exposed to the water without having stress reactions due to unhealthy living conditions due to the nitrogen. Once the first month was complete six fish was added to both tanks. Two tangs, two damsels, and two clownfish. At first both tanks had a pH level of 8.2, ideal living conditions. After one week the experimental group was exposed to a pH level of 8.6. After two weeks it was raised to 9. Two weeks later it was raised to 9.3. The final raise was done two weeks after making the pH level 9.5. The final week of the experiment the pH lev...
The Effect of Wavelength on Photosynthesis Rate Aim: To be able to To investigate how different wavelengths (colors) of light affect the photosynthetic rate of the synthetic. I will use a pant that is a pond weed called elodea. I will measure the rate of photosynthesis by measuring the amount of o2 given off in bubbles per minute from the elodea. I will do this by placing the Elodea in a test tube with sodium hydrogen. carbonate then I will vary the light wavelength (color) using colored.
The Effect of Light Intensity on Photosynthesis Of Elodea Canadensis Introduction I wanted to find out how much the light intensity affected the Photosynthesis in Elodea Camadensa. I decided to do this by measuring the amount of oxygen created during photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the procedure all plants go through to make food. This process uses Carbon dioxide, water and light energy. It produces Oxygen and Glucose.
Investigating the Effect of Light Intensity on Photosynthesis in a Pondweed Aim: To investigate how the rate of photosynthesis changes at different light intensities, with a pondweed. Prediction: I predict that the oxygen bubbles will decrease when the lamp is further away from the measuring cylinder, because light intensity is a factor of photosynthesis. The plant may stop photosynthesising when the pondweed is at the furthest distance from the lamp (8cm). Without light, the plant will stop the photosynthesising process, because, light is a limited factor. However once a particular light intensity is reached the rate of photosynthesis stays constant, even if the light intensity is the greatest.
The lakes which have small algae propagation are called oligotrophic lakes. Accordingly the lakes which have large algae propagation are called eutrophic lakes. There are many factors to determine the algae propagation in a lake such as temperature, light, depth, size of the lake and nutrients from the surrounding environment, etc. In fact the Great Lakes were all oligotrophic lakes before industrialization. The factors such a size, depth and climate would keep the lakes cool and clear for a long-term. There is only a small amount of fertilizer and organic matters decompose from forest areas in the lakes at that time. Due to reduction of vegetation and thermal pollution, the temperature of many tributaries of the lake has been increased. Other than that highly concentrated city and agriculture makes a lot of nutrients and organic matter, such as inorganic phosphorus detergents and fertilizers, flowing into the lake increased nutrient content. In fact the increasing nutrients stimulate the growth of green plants such as algae. The plant will decompose after death and decomposition process consumes dissolved oxygen in the water. As a result some fish will died from lack of oxygen and the green plants will experience a highly growth resulting in the cloudy water which means increasing eutrophication process. Lake Erie has the highest biomass yield mainly because it is the shallowest water, the highest temperature of the lake so that it is the first and most serious eutrophication lake of the Great Lakes. The other reason is that the development of agriculture and the city in the earlier period reached a higher level. About 1/3 of the population of the Great Lakes area lives in Lake Erie region. This leads to the highly higher flow of contaminants to Lake Erie than any other lakes. It is generally agreed that Lake Erie was dying In Canada and the United States. Water polluted warning signs are visible
The structure of chlorophyll involves a hydrophobic tail embedded in the thylakoid membrane which repels water and a porphyrin ring which is a ring of four pyrrols (C4H5N) surrounding a metal ion which absorbs the incoming light energy, in the case of chlorophyll the metal ion is magnesium (Mg2+.) The electrons within the porphyrin ring are delocalised so the molecule has the potential to easily and quickly lose and gain electrons making the structure of chlorophyll ideal for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is the most abundant photosynthetic pigment, absorbing red and blue wavelengths and reflecting green wavelengths, meaning plants containing chlorophyll appear green. There are many types of chlorophyll, including chlorophyll a, b, c1, c2, d and f. Chlorophyll a is present in all photosynthetic organisms and is the most common pigment with the molecular formula C55H72MgN4O5. Chlorophyll b is found in plants with the molecular formula C55H70MgN4O6, it is less abundant than chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll a and b are often found together as they increase the wavelengths of light absorbed. Chlorophyll c1 (C35H30O5N4Mg) and c2 (C35H28O5N4Mg) are found in algae, they are accessory pigments and have a brown colour. Chlorophyll c is able to absorb yellow and green light (500-600nm) that chlorophyll a
The Effect of Light Intensity on the Rate of Photosynthesis in an Aquatic Plant Introduction The input variable I will be investigating is light, as light is just one of the 4 factors required in the green-plant process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which green-plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, water & chlorophyll to produce their own food source. This process is also affected by the temperature surrounding the plant (the species of plant we experimented with, pond weed, photosynthesised best at around 20 degrees centigrade.) Light, temperature & CO2 are known as limiting factors, and each is as important as the next in photosynthesis. Light is the factor that is linked with chlorophyll, a green pigment stored in chloroplasts found in the palisade cells, in the upper layer of leaves.
There will be a maximum level of photosynthesis. during the experiment, it is called a limiting factor. This factor will prevent the rate of photosynthesis from rising above a certain level. even if the conditions are improved to meet the best requirements for photosynthesis. The adage Variables Input - Light intensity is to be varied by increasing and decreasing.