I described and applied physiological and biomechanical concepts related to physical activity and skill in EXS 397 lab. A student in the lab was tested on their VO2 max using The Bruce Treadmill protocol. With the data I recorded from the test, I was able to apply physiological and biomechanical concepts to explain the subject’s energy sources during the run. The lab on Maximal Oxygen Consumption from EXS 397 relates to Element 1.1 because I was able to use a physiological and biomechanical concept learned in class and relate it to the data collected from the subject. We use different sources of energy, such as fat and carbohydrates during exercise. The energy source used depends on the intensity and duration of the exercise being performed.
Another weakness in the experimental design was that the reliability of the experiment was very low. As each test subject was only tested against each amount of prior exercise once, the impact of random errors is likely very large, which can be seen by the spread of the data on the graph. Although, this was attempted to be rectified by averaging the results of all four test subjects, it does not improve reliability too much. Conclusion: The results of this investigation indicated that a relationship between the amount of prior exercise and muscle fatigue does exist, however the results are also not conclusive enough to speculate on what the relationship is. This means that the hypothesis “If the amount of time spent performing vigorous exercise prior to the set of repetitions increases, then the physical performance (number of repetitions) will decrease” cannot be supported or rejected due to the inconclusive data.
Submaximal and maximal exercise testing are two analytic methods that can be used to examine the cardiovascular, and cardiorespiratory fitness/health levels of the individual being examined. Submaximal testing is usually preferred over maximal mainly because the submaximal exam is more practical in a fitness/health environment. Both test require the individual being examined to perform controlled exercise on a(n) treadmill/ergometer until either steady state has consecutively been reached (submax), or the individual reaches their max (close to it). Being that both test are set to exceed time limits of more than 3 minutes we examine the use of the ATP-PC, Glycolytic, and Oxidative energy systems. Although a huge portion of the test involves the use of the oxidative energy system, we must remember that the three systems are co-occurrent.
In this lab, we estimated the VO2 max for one subject on both the arm bike and treadmill. Estimating VO2 max is relevant because it allows the subject to compare their results with normal limits for their age and gender and see where they fall. It can also be used to make an exercise prescription in order to improve or keep a closer eye on your bodies own personal limits. Lastly, estimated VO2 max can be used as a diagnostic test to acquire information about a person’s health.
In this lab, we explored the theory of maximal oxygen consumption. “Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is defined as the highest rate at which oxygen can be taken up and utilized by the body during severe exercise” (Bassett and Howley, 2000). VO2max is measured in millimeters of O2 consumed per kilogram of body weight per min (ml/kg/min). It is commonly known as a good way to determine a subject’s cardio-respiratory endurance and aerobic fitness level. Two people whom are given the same aerobic task (can both be considered “fit”) however, the more fit individual can consume more oxygen to produce enough energy to sustain higher, intense work loads during exercise. The purpose of this lab experiment was performed to determine the VO2max results of a trained vs. an untrained participant to see who was more fit.
When performing in a triathlon, which consists of swimming, cycling, and running in a single continuous event, it is generally accepted throughout the exercise science community, that “over performing” during the cycling stage by increasing ones cadence or aerobic power, could hinder the running portion of the triathlon that follows (Hausswirth). In order to help triathletes in avoiding this potential problem, the researchers set the purpose of the experiment as follows:
responses during prolonged treadmill walking with heavy load carriage. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 26:285-288.
The protocols were designed to determine and compare the effects of one or more of the following conditions; only warm-up (WU), no preparation, warm-up and static stretching (WUS), only stretching. All the subjects are instructed to only perform their regular activity such as working or studying and not exercise or stretch before testing (2*). The WU protocol of each consisted of a 12 minute protocol consisting of jogging distances varying from 800m to 1000m followed by several drills and body weight exercises. The stretching protocol includes hamstring stretch, triceps surae stretch, quadriceps stretch (3*). Both within subjects and between subjects’ experimental designs are used across the articles. After the protocols, the athletes are asked to perform sprints ranging from 40m to 100m to their best ability. Multiple trials are taken in order to get a mean value. The times were recorded using electronic timing gate systems. For the outdoor trials, wind speed and direction are recorded according to International Association of Athletics Federations
The Queens College/McArdle Step Test, the Rockport One Mile Walk Test, and the 1.5 Mile Run Test are three different field tests that were performed in this lab that were used to measure and predict an individual’s aerobic capacity. The measurement of aerobic capacity, or VO2 max, is a valid way to assess an individual’s cardiorespiratory fitness level. VO2 max refers to the maximal amount of oxygen an individual utilizes during intensive exercise. A higher VO2 max demonstrates a more efficient cardiorespiratory system as an individual with a higher VO2 max can sustain a higher intensity for a longer
A high degree of aerobic training such as small-sided games, continuous running and interval running may be needed to reach the desired level of aerobic fitness. This test should be implemented again in the middle of pre-season training (to see if training alterations are needed) and at the end of pre-season training (to see if goals are reached). As well as this, trainers can compare results to V02 max score equivalents which is the gold-standard indicator of aerobic fitness. (Mackenzie, no date)
Many studies have been completed to try and find out how to improve the V02 Max among firefighters. V02 Max is affected by the duration, intensity and frequency of the training. These studies have shown that “a high VO2 max can be maintained on as little as two or three workouts per week if the intensity of training is kept high” (Leatherman, 2015). Workouts that include high intensity bursts of energy separated by recovery time enables the individual to spend more time in their V02 Max rather than being completely exhausted at the end of a workout. It is possible to increase ones V02 Max through training as it causes adaptations within the respiratory and cardiovascular systems which can make the energy systems and oxygen transport more
In order to fully understand the impact and effect of overtraining, defining and establishing the difference of what overtraining is from other conditions, such as overreaching, is necessary. Overtraining is defined as the accumulation of both training and non-training stresses producing a long-term effect on the athlete’s performance capacity, with or without physical and psychological overtraining signs and symptoms in which recovery of the performance capacity will take weeks to months (Halson, 2004 p. 969). Overreaching, however, is defined by the accumulation of training and non-training stresses with a short-term effect on the a...
Running is a natural form of human locomotion. To many, running is an essential aspect of most sports and is also a simple way that requires little to get exercise anywhere. But because many people have adapted to improper forms of running over time, numerous physical injuries are the results. With the help of understanding the physics behind running, people can learn to run in such a way that expends less energy from the body. Keeping physics in mind may also lead to less injuries and effortless running. Remember, physics can be very helpful when running!
Siconolfi, Dr. S., Dr. S. Fortney, Dr. V. Mikhaylov, and Dr. A. Kotov. "Aerobic Capacity Using Graded Bicycle Ergometry." NASA Shuttle-Mir Web: NASA/Mir Experiment. Online. Netscape. 8 Oct. 1997.
What is Biomechanics? It is the study of forces and their effects on the living system (McGinnis, 2013). In this essay, I will be looking at the biomechanics of running. Running, as well as any other sport requires skills for which advancement is due to consistent deliberate practice and effective development. However, runners should establish a training system that actively builds their original running pattern instead of basing it on what works well for others. Understanding the biomechanics of running gives a better knowledge of their running techniques and points out areas of concerns that require improvement. Despite the fact that running is dependent on the interaction of the whole body, breaking down the running pace into single components allows us to further understand how minor changes can increase improve performance and decrease injury risk.
Aerobic Power or commonly known as VO2 max, measures how much oxygen is consumed by a person in one minute. In soccer, high aerobic capacity is seen to aid recovery as it reduces fatigue through glycogen sparing and counteracting the decline of PH qu...