Data Manupulation: Case 1
According to Public Health Service a unit of the U.S. department of Health and Human Services (HHS), ‘’Research misconduct is defined as fabrication, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research reports. OSTP states that “The research record is the record of data or results that embody the facts resulting from scientific inquiry, and includes, but is not limited to, research proposals, laboratory records, both physical and electronic, progress reports, abstracts, theses, oral presentations, internal reports, and journal articles”. In this case, a fourth year graduate student in a department of Medicine research group who collate data blindly and fairly was helping recruit
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The name of Henry will be included in this research according to his role. The good findings of the results are always helpful to society and the world. If the findings were on the basis of faked, fabricated and falsified data, It will have negative contribution to the society and the world. It wastes the time, money and a lot of resources. The bad result cannot always be hidden. One day it will be disclosed and at that time the researchers who were involved in such manipulation gets a lot of trouble and might have to ruin their career. The research community itself can prevent the research misconduct in an effective way. As Henry is a part of this research community if he feels this as an example of a misconduct he can report this misconduct to Office of Research Integrity (ORI). ORI has responsibility for addressing issues of misconduct which relates to the activities related to Public Health Services. There are certain responsibilities of Institutions. In most of the cases there are written polices of addressing research misconduct. In any part of a research under institution such as university related research the institutional official on the behalf of the university will follow the written policies and procedures and take an inquiry and investigate the research misconduct. In this case an institutional inquiry should be done to identify the potential evidence of research misconduct. In …show more content…
Dropping down the three patients who didn’t respond the drug is a serious crime. It is related to the health and future research. The true mentors who involved in such a data manipulation might have used lot of funds for private enrichment. This type of manipulation of data encourages to falsified and fabricate the data instead of work on lab. So it is necessary to punish such type of person who try to manipulate the data. This type of punishment discourage to other researcher to misconduct the research which brings a lot of positive impacts on scientific research. The researchers will be more careful on their work and they will forced to keep the records of data and they will always use the notebook for every data. On the other hand if there is no any investigation on this misconduct the drug is trusted and can be used as a medication of certain disease. After a time when it is use in a medical field and when the patient is not recovered by this drug another research for the same issue should be conducted. In practice when there is a good response of the drug in a sample data company will make a hypothesis that the drugs will have a good response on the population which encourage to produce a large amount of this drug as a medication and finally the hypothesis made by the company will be failed. The drug will be found ineffective which results lot of money and recourses of the
Phiprivacy.net. (n.d.). Incidents Involving Patient or Health-Related Data [Pdf file of privacy breach articles for 2008]. Retrieved from http://www.phiprivacy.net/MedicalPrivacy/Chronology_2008.pdf
It is not hard to obtain the same drugs from different sources so the customer loyalty is virtually non-existent and the pharmacies have to try extremely hard to sustain their consumer base.
Those who were affected by the testing in hospitals, prisons, and mental health institutions were the patients/inmates as well as their families, Henrietta Lacks, the doctors performing the research and procedures, the actual institutions in which research was being held, and the human/health sciences field as a whole. Many ethical principles can be applied to these dilemmas: Reliance on Scientific Knowledge (1.01), Boundaries of Competence (1.02), Integrity (1.04), Professional and Scientific Relationships (1.05), Exploitative Relationships (1.07, a), Responsibility (2.02), Rights and Prerogatives of Clients (2.05), Maintaining Confidentiality (2.06), Maintaining Records (2.07), Disclosures (2.08), Treatment/Intervention Efficacy (2.09), Involving Clients in Planning and Consent (4.02), Promoting an Ethical Culture (7.01), Ethical Violations by Others and Risk of Harm (7.02), Avoiding False or Deceptive Statements (8.01), Conforming with Laws and Regulations (9.01), Characteristics of Responsible Research (9.02), Informed Consent (9.03), and Using Confidential Information for Didactic or Instructive Purposes (9.04), and Debriefing (9.05). These particular dilemmas were not really handled until much later when laws were passed that regulated the way human subjects could be used for research. Patients
In general the drug manufacturing industry is very risky. In order companies to stay in business they need to research and develop new products. Firstly companies need to develop new compounds, however only one on every ten thousand compounds becomes approved and it takes years to do this. Then only 3 out of 20 drugs make enough revenue to cover their development cost and only 1 out of every 3 drugs generates enough money to cover the costs of previously failed drugs.
During the process of research, professionals collect data or identifiable private information through intervention or interaction. While this is a vital part of the scientific and medical fields, every precaution must be taken by researchers to protect the participants' rights. Ethics, outlined by the Belmont report; requirements, described by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS); and regulations, laid out by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are verified by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). This procedure assures that all human rights are safeguarded during the entire research process.
Researchers who conduct interventional clinical research have put into question the Privacy Rule and how it will affect their research activities. The Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration and Protection of Human Subjects Regulations are advised to take measures to protect the
The following article analysis review by Team B illustrates and identifies several examples of statistics abuse in the practical world as a result of flawed research. The following examples demonstrate how a manger could and in many examples, does make erroneous decisions due to inaccurate statistics. The team has compiled the results by detailing the respective articles.
Kennedy, Robert. “Time for CDC to Come Clean.” The Huffington Post. n.p. 01 Mar. 2010. Web. Web. 22 Mar. 2015.
Patient consent is the law. Even though the test can provide unsatisfactory results they cannot anticipate the way the drugs will affect the present. This could lead to one patient favoring one treatment over another. The problem that comes from specific informed consent cannot be addressed solely by demanding more rigorous standard for research (Truog et al. 1999).
For a drug to get to market it must go through several stages of research and development (Abbott and Vernon). Starting with discovery research, preclinical testing on animals, three phases of clinical trials on humans, and finally FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approval (Abbott and Vernon). Out of several thousands of drugs only a few will make it to the FDA approval stage (Abbott and Vernon). Testing is a highly regulated, time consuming, and expensive process. From beginning to end the process can take fifteen years and less than one of five compounds will make it to market where it is still not guaranteed to succeed (Abbott and
CDER, by current law, all new drugs need proof that they are effective and safe before they can
This balance is quite important as the well being of participants is at risk. Over the last twentieth century, there have been numerous examples in which ethical principles have not been considered in research leading to ethical breaches that have negative implications on study participants.1 One US human experimentation study which breached ethical conduct was the US Public Health Service Syphilis Study, more commonly known as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which was conducted from 1932 through 1972.2 The study recruited 399 African-American male subjects diagnosed with syphilis. The recruited men came from poor, rural counties around Tuskegee, Alabama. The stated purpose of the study was to obtain information about the course of untreated syphilis. The study was initially meant to be for 6 months, however the study was modified into a “death as end-point study”.
Other companies cannot replicate the drug and therefore they are forced to either wait until the patent expires or they must find an alternative drug that carries out the same purpose.... ... middle of paper ... ... It is clear to see that there are many pros and cons to patents in the pharmaceutical industry.
However on the other hand, for all advantages; there are disadvantages. In some instances when people utilize and manipulate data, they may knowingly falsify data so that it may adhere to ones beliefs or theories. In addition there are people who may deliberately tamper with information as well. When collecting information, there must be neutrality when assessing and collecting data. In addition, professional competence and integrity must be superior and finally, all research subjects or respondents must be safeguarded from potential harm and sabotage.