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Research proposal on performance appraisal
Research proposal on performance appraisal
Research proposal on performance appraisal
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Conducting Effective Performance Appraisals
Performance appraisal is considered a key tool for managerial needs of today’s organizations. Performance appraisal is the process by which organizations evaluate job performance. Usually a performance appraisal system requires a manager to rate each employee’s performance according to performance criteria’s that have already been established over a period of time. Performance appraisal systems also provide a basis for planning improvement as well as means for determining merit increases, transfers and even dismissals.
According to Berkeley’s Policy and Procedures, the purpose of performance appraisal is to be able to measure and enhance individual and institutional performance, and in turn to providing professional and career growth, determining merit increases, and meeting the internal and external demands for documentation of individual performance. Performance appraisals are intended to encourage open communication between the employees and the supervisors. As a result, it provides an understanding of the employees’ job responsibilities, the standards of performance of a supervisor, and the progress of an employee in his or her job responsibilities.
Performance appraisal are very important to employees because some type of feedback is needed in order for employees to be aware of how well they are performing their job or on the contrarily, to be informed of the areas which they need improvement in. Feedback is one of the most important factors supporting high level of performance. Without performance appraisals or feedback, employees have no way of knowing whether they are doing a good job or whether there are some areas in which they need to improve (F...
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...ine. Available: http://www.sasknetwork.gov.sk.ca/pages/tw/d121.htm.
Bartley, Douglas L. Job Evaluation. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. Reading, Massachusetts 1995.
Cohen, Steven and William Eimicke. The New Effective Public Manager. Jossey-Bass Publishers. San Francisco 1995.
Fournies, Ferdinand F. “Employees Don’t Do What They Are Supposed To Do Because They Think They Are Doing It When They Really Aren’t.” Library Hall Press 1988. Online. Available: http://www.gmp1st.com/mntp0798.htm.
Heathfield, Susan M. “Performance Appraisals Don’t Work.” Human Resources (6/11/00). Online. Available: http://humanresources.about.com/careers/humanresources/library/weekly/aa061100a.htm.
Henemen, Robert L. Linking Pay Increase to Performance Ratings. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. Reading, Massachusetts 1992.
Mujtaba, B. G., & Shuaib, S. (2010). An Equitable Total Rewards Approach to Pay for Performance Management. Journal of Management Policy and Practice vol. II (4), 111-121.
Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 8th ed.Ed. Michael Meyer. Boston: Bedford, 2008. 1908-1972. Print.
The play "Death of a Salesman", by Arthur Miller, follows the life of Willy Loman, a self-deluded salesman who lives in utter denial, always seeking the "American Dream," and constantly falling grossly short of his mark. The member’s of his immediate family, Linda, his wife, and his two sons, Biff and Happy, support his role. Of these supportive figures, Biff’s character holds the most importance, as Biff lies at the center of Willy’s internal conflicts and dreams, and Biff is the only one in the play who seems to achieve any growth.
"Lessons in Unmanliness: Willy Loman." Character Analysis of Willy Loman From Death of Salesman. Web. 18 Mar. 2012. .
Miller, Arthur. "Death of a Salesman." Discovering Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays. Ed. Hans P. Guth and Gabriele L. Rico. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997. 1211-82.
The Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller is a controversial play of a typical American family and their desire to live the American dream “Rather than a tragedy or failure as the play is often described. Death of a Salesman dramatizes a failure of [that] dream” (Cohn 51). The story is told through the delusional eyes and mind of Willy Loman, a traveling salesman of 34 years, whose fantasy world of lies eventually causes him to suffer an emotional breakdown. Willy’s wife, Linda, loves and supports Willy despite all his problems, and continually believes in his success and that of their no good lazy sons, Biff and Happy. The play takes place in 1942, in Willy and Linda’s home, a dilapidated shack on the outskirts of a slum. Willy has spent his whole life teaching and believing that you can achieve success by your appearance and by making yourself as amiable as possible. Eventually Willy begins to fabricate stories at himself to be able to live with himself because he can’t meet his own expectations. He falls deeper into his lies, making himself and his family suffer for it. (Thesis). In the play Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller proves he is America’s social critic when he criticizes Willy’s relationship concerning his family, his lack of success in achieving his goals and his dreams along with his inner turmoil and personal collapse which result in suicide.
9. Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. New York: The Viking Press (1958); p 133.
The tragic life of Willy Loman as told by the author, Arthur Miller, in his short story “The Death of a Salesman” illustrates a misguided outlook in the world and how it has affected the actions of those around him. Willy Loman’s narcissistic views on how to achieve success, such as athletics, looks, and “having humor, but not too much to look like a fool”; but ignoring education provides an insight on how he became a failure in the business world. Willy’s views and action did not only hurt those around him it also affected himself.
Miller, Arthur. "Death of a Salesman." The Compact Bedford Introduction to Drama. Ed. Lee A.
Miller, Arthur, and Gerald Clifford Weales. Death of a Salesman. New York: Penguin, 1996. Print.
Published in 1949, Arthur Miller’s Death of Salesman is a post Second World War American drama that highlights the plight of isolation and desolation experienced by the common man, as symbolized by Willy. The play deals with the society, life’s absurdity, various internal and external conflicts, death and above all, the tragedy of existence. It is located in the industrial society of the twentieth century where the pressure to succeed and the financial difficulties seem insurmountable. The play depicts America as the land of opportunity as well as a place where the society has acquired a new set of values that threatens to destroy those who cannot abide by new changes. This paper discusses the importance of self-image in the Loman family and how the conceptions of self-image fuel the destruction of the characters.
"He had all the wrong dreams. All, all wrong, he never knew who he was" said Biff. Willy is a man of confusion and pain. He should want things like love and companionship instead of money. Willy made a meaningless life where his wife Linda was a part of the problem instead of a solution. Her constant love and loyalty only made the fire bigger instead of solving it. In the life of support, Linda is and always will be Willy's number one fan, but to no control did she encourage Willy’s lies.
Nazmul Ahsan Kalimullah, K. M. (2012). New Public Management: Emergence and Principles. BUP JOURNAL , 1.
Jay M. Shafritz, E.W. Russell, Christopher P. Borick. "Introducing Public Administration" Pearson. 7th Edition, 2011.
...organizational annual pay and grading reviews, Performance appraisals generally review each individual's performance against objectives and standards for the trading year, agreed at the previous appraisal meeting. Performance appraisals are also essential for career and succession planning - for individuals, crucial jobs, and for the organization as a whole. Performance appraisals are important for staff motivation, attitude and behavior development, communicating and aligning individual and organizational aims, and fostering positive relationships between management and staff. Performance appraisals provide a formal, recorded, regular review of an individual's performance, and a plan for future development.