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The communist party of china is the founding and leading political party of the people republic of china. The CPC is organized on the basis of democratic centralism, a principle conceived by Russian Marxist.
In context of china, the definition of ideology is “it is essentially a set of ideas with a discursive framework which guides and justifies policies and actions, derived from certain values and doctrinal assumptions about the nature and dynamics of history."
Communist ideology is frequently classified by political scientists in two types: selinger's' fundamental and 'operative ideology; Moore ' ideology of ends' and ideology of means. While at fundamental level it refers to the body of theories considered as universal truth, such as the end - goal communism class and class struggle, democratic centralism and historic mission of the proletariat. It designates sets of political ideas and values put forward by political elites to guide or justify their concrete policies and actions.
Post-revolutionary Chinese society has been overwhelmingly conditioned by its ideological political system in which all policies require an ideological discourse in justification. In china, ideological orthodoxy or "redness" is a particular important attribute of the political elite. The debate on question of ideology is reflected in the division between the conservatives and reformists.
In Peru, a sense of nation, common background and common symbois to unify the country has never existed. Paradoxes, contradictions and exaggeration are the biggest obstacles for those who deal with Peru history.
Peru doesn't have a political ideology, it very much depends that is in power. There are many political parties who just appear near elections. The...
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Khampa, N. C. (n.d.). The Role of Communist Ideology in Contemporary China . . Retrieved April 27, 2014, from http://jnu-matrix.tripod.com/China.html
Peru's political party system and the promotion of pro- poor reform. (2005, March). Retrieved from : https://www.ndi.org/files/1853_pe_propoor_030105_full_0.pdf
The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China. (n.d.). The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved April 26, 2014, from http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/about/2007-11/20/content_1373251.htm
U.S. Agency for International Development. (n.d.). Political Competition and Consensus-Building in Peru. Retrieved April 29, 2014, from http://results.usaid.gov/peru/democracy-and-governance/political-competition-and-consensus-building
Through the study of the Peruvian society using articles like “The “Problem of the Indian...” and the Problem of the Land” by Jose Carlos Mariátegui and the Peruvian film La Boca del Lobo directed by Francisco Lombardi, it is learned that the identity of Peru is expressed through the Spanish descendants that live in cities or urban areas of Peru. In his essay, Mariátegui expresses that the creation of modern Peru was due to the tenure system in Peru and its Indigenous population. With the analyzation of La Boca del Lobo we will describe the native identity in Peru due to the Spanish treatment of Indians, power in the tenure system of Peru, the Indian Problem expressed by Mariátegui, and the implementation of Benedict Andersons “Imagined Communities”.
Ever since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the legitimacy of the revolution of which it was built upon has perennially been in question. For example, in a 1999 issue of the International Herald Tribune, a prestigious scholar claimed that all of China’s tragedies are ‘sustained by a mistaken belief in the correctness of the 1949 revolution’ and that the future progress of China depends on the recognition that the revolution was a failure. However, the CCP government was certainly not perfect and its most significant failures were its political failures such as the Anti-rightist movement and the Cultural Revolution and also economic failures such as the great leap forward. Millions of peoples were falsely accused and persecuted during the political movements of the Mao period as the CCP focused on class struggle instead of economic development during the period and tens of Millions of peoples died due to starvation as there were widespread food shortages during the great leap forward movement.
For many outsiders, it might be easy to assume that all Chinese value communism, or that communism is the only thing to define Chinese politics by. However, when we watched “Born Under the Red Flag”, we could see that the Chinese views on communism are less black and white, and a little more complicated than one might think. Communism has played a big role as the main political system of China throughout its history, but not all Chinese have liked communism, just as not all have been against it. In the documentary “Born Under the Red Flag”, we can really see the reception of Communism in China, and how many have been split between those who oppose it and those who fight for it. During the rule of Chairman Mao Zedong, many of the youth became part of the infamous Red Guards, who used very violent and aggressive means to impose the teachings of Mao Zedong and communism on any person who was against it. These youth were so dedicated to Chairman Mao that they would go very far in enforcing his rule. Years later great numbers of youth in China were taking a different stance on communism, and marched in Tiananmen Square during the protests of 1989, wanting democracy instead of communism. Unfortunately this became a massacre, as the government would not give into the demands of the youth. Communism is certainly something one can come to associate China with, but even with that it can be hard to make assumptions that apply to all. To think that communism was a horrible oppressive system that did nothing but hurt the Chinese people is not completely accurate, as many loved the teachings of Communism and thought highly of Mao Zedong. But it is also not accurate to say that all Chinese people embraced communism, as it is clear that many opposed it. So the true thoughts of the Chinese on Communism, largely could depend on which Chinese person you ask, as many throughout the years
The Peruvian Communist Party (PCP-SL), better known as Sendero Luminoso (‘Shining Path’) was a maoist guerrilla organization in Peru. The parties roots can be drawn to the Andean department of Ayacucho, one of Peru’s pooerest and uneducated areas, where ill even the 1950s landowners continued their serflike manner of treatment toward the natives existence. The escape their dismal lives, Ayacuchans turned toward education, migrating by the thousands in their attempt to escape that existed for them back home.
Politics in Mexico throughout the course of history has been hostile, to say the least. Like many previously authoritarian regimes, Mexico’s transition into democracy was hard fought. Still today, Mexico’s political system is characterized by political corruption as seen through the influence of the drug cartels and their corporatism and electoral fraud. It is these characteristics that make Mexico a valuable study for comparative politics. While studying Mexico one sees a country that has grown relatively little (due to the aforementioned characteristics of its political system) and is hardly a democracy.
Peter H. Smith. , & , (2012). Democracy in Latin America. (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Karp, J. A., and S. A. Banducci. "Party Mobilization and Political Participation in New and Old Democracies." Party Politics 13.2 (2007): 217-34. Web. 26 May 2014.
McDonald, Ronald H. and Ruhl, J. Mark. Party Politics and Elections in Latin America, Westview Press, 1989
A very important event in Peruvian history is how Peru gained its independence from Spain. It all started with an uprising of Spanish-American landowners and their forces were led by Jose de San Martin of Argentina and Simon Bolivar of Venezuela. Because Peru was the stronghold of the Spanish government in South America, Argentine patriot, General San Martin’s strategy to liberate Peru was to use diplomacy. He sent representatives to Lima urging Viceroy Pazuela that Peru be granted independence, however all negotiations proved unsuccessful. They then launched Peru’s movement toward independence. San Martin led the military campaign of 4,200 soldiers. On July 28, 1821, he proclaimed the independence of Peru in Lima and said, “From this moment on, Peru is free and independent; by the general will of the people and the justice of its cause that God defends. Long live the homeland! Long live freedom! Long live our independence!” However, Spain did not identify Peru’s independence and the conflict continued. In 1824, Simon Bolivar and his assistants assembled the army at the Lake of Junín...
It can also be argued that the political activities of Chairman Mao’s Communist China were more of a continuation of traditional Imperial China, based heavily in Confucian values, than a new type of Marxist-Leninist China, based on the Soviet Union as an archetype. While it is unquestionable that a Marxist-Leninist political structure was present in China during this time, Confucian values remained to be reinforced through rituals and were a fundamental part of the Chinese Communist ...
Communism is a system of government, a political ideology that rejects private ownership and promotes a classless, stateless society based on common ownership of all property and the means of production, where by all work is shared and all proceeds are commonly owned. Communism is practised in China, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos and Cuba. However most of the world’s communist governments have been disbanded since the end of World War II. Soon after the Japanese surrendered at the end of World War II, Communist forces began a war against the Kuomintang in China. The Communists gradually gained control of the country and on the 1st October, 1949, Mao Zedong announced the victory of the Communist party and the establishment of the People's Republic of China. China has been ruled by the Communist party ever since.
In history, Mao Zedong is considered to be one of the most controversial figures in Chinese history. Born in a small village in Hunan, China in December of 1893, he eventually rose to become a founding member of the Chinese Communist Party in 1935, and then the first chairman of the People’s Republic of China in 1945. His revolutionary movements to purge China of its traditional behavior and change the country’s lifestyle are often disputable, particularly in the matter of his methods and the aftermath of his actions. From the perspective of Taipei American School, Mao Zedong essentially did not embody the values; having been only generally responsible, marginally courageous, largely dishonest, considerably disrespectful, and significantly unkind.
An ideology is a set of ideas connected together that explain how government and society should be organized and what set of values the society should embrace. The concept of an ideology is a very slippery topic in that people range in the level or degree of their feelings. Ideologies are simplistic and not concerned about logic and consistency. This means that if they are either conservatives or liberal their ideas may vary slightly. Conservatives may have slight differences in the way they think about society. Their ideas are not clear cut or precise.
Xiaobo, L., (2011), ‘Two Essays on China’s Quest for Democracy’ Journal of Democracy, 22(1): 154-166.
Much G. L., 2004, Democratic Politics in Latin America: New Debates and Research Frontiers, Annual Reviews