Cognitive behavioural therapy has been proven to be effective in the treatment of child and adolescent depression (Lewinsohn & Clarke, 1999; Harrington et al, 1998, March et al, 2004). There is general agreement in the clinical literature that the techniques of cognitive behavioural approaches to therapy are likely to be effective in treating depression (Brewin, 1996; Beech, 2000). In the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic & Statistical Manual (APA, 2000) the symptoms of depression are: loss of interest or enjoyment in activities; changing in weight and appetite; changes to sleep pattern; loss of energy; feeling worthless or guilty; suicidal thoughts; poor concentration and being either agitated or slowed up. The classic model of depression, according to Beck (1979), centres on the ‘depressive cognitive triad’. These patterns of negative thoughts are about: First, the world, the past or current situation, for example, no one likes me. Second, oneself (self-criticism, guilt, blame), for example, I’m worthless. And third, the future (hopelessness, pessimisms), for example, I will never be successful. The CBT goals for depression usually include two main elements. First, increasing problem-solving and active engage; Second, restoring activity levels in patients, specially the activities that bring a sense of achievement in them as well as pleasure; and finally, helping the patient to negate the negative cognitive biases in them and to develop a better and more balanced view of the world, their situation, their future and themselves (Ryan, 2003). According to Beck et al. (1979), for depression, a course of therapy which lasts between 15 to 20 sessions would be desirable. The components of CBT for depressi... ... middle of paper ... ...ontrolled exposure to feared situations and stimuli. Relapse prevention methods focus on consolidating and generalizing treatment gains over time. There are studies which have provided evidence that ‘age’ could be considered as important in determining therapeutic outcomes dealing with anxiety disorders in children. According to Barrett, Dadds, & Rapee (1996), younger children tend to do better in treatment in which the family is involved. Interestingly, in a sample of seven to 15-year-olds, Kendall et al (1997) and Weersing (2001) found that younger children were more likely to respond favourably to treatment than older children. These findings provide fundamental evidence that younger children may improve more quickly than older children and also they are more likely to do better in CBT than older children, especially when the treatment is family-focused.
CBT is a short-term intervention which recognizes that thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are inter-related and can be altered through behavior modification. A pilot study was done on the effects of a group-based, early intervention, CBT program for depression and anxiety in 8 to 11-year-old children. The study consisted of 10 school-based sessions, which were facilitated by a teacher, an education welfare officer and two classroom assistants. The sessions included psycho-education on stress and its effect on people, an exploration of connections between thoughts, feelings, and actions, introduced alternative ways of looking at difficulties and problem solving techniques (O’Callaghan & Cunningham,
One of the primary reasons I prefer to utilize CBT is due to its compatibility with my personality. I am an organized, logical, and direct individual, all of which CBT encompasses well. CBT is a highly structured therapy. Even though there isn’t a particular order to procedures while utilizing CBT, there does tend to be a natural progression of certain steps. This aspect allows me to feel as though I am leading client’s to their goals in a logical manner. Not only that, CBT has a great deal of research backing that has proven it to be effective in treating several diagnoses such as depression and anxiety (Corey, 2013). Perhaps the best quality of CBT is the fact that it is known for having an openness to incorporating techniques from other approaches. According to Corey (2013), most forms of CBT can be integrated into other mainstream therapies (p.
 Despite the long-term nature of this type of depression, psychotherapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of depression, and assisting the person in managing his/her life better.
“Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be used to treat people with a wide range of mental health problems. CBT is based on the idea that how we think (cognition), how we feel (emotion) and how we act (behavior) all interact together. Specifically, our thoughts determine our feelings and our behavior. Therefore, negative and unrealistic thoughts can cause us distress and result in problems. When a person suffers with psychological distress, the way in which they interpret situations becomes skewed, which in turn has a negative impact on the actions they take. CBT aims to help people become aware of when they make negative interpretations, and of behavioral patterns which
This therapy assists the individual and finding what the needs are of the person. This makes the therapy unique by finding what is occurring with the person and what they can do to help regulate positive thoughts and emotions. As shown in the article, it mentioned how “some primary skills taught may include mood monitoring, behavioral activation, cognitive restructuring, and the development of problem-solving and social skills” (Mahoney, Kennard, & Mayes, 2011). The purpose of this therapy is to assist the client to create appropriate goals and work towards improving their symptoms. At first, this can be done by having the client monitor their mood and plan in activities they can become engaged in (Mahoney, Kennard, & Mayes, 2011). Therefore, this can play a significant role with my client due to finding what interests she has and if this can help her while handling her depression. The best way to monitor my client’s results would be working with my client and using CBT each time we meet. That way my client has spent enough time understanding her thoughts or emotions and how they have been impacting her
...h it is usually short-term, it can be adapted to some lengthier timing. In addition, CBT’s techniques can provide a nice distraction and help slowly down a person’s thinking, as an example, thought logs. A person, who is not in touch with his or her own emotions and cannot articulate how they feel, can use a thought log during the week and at the next session together the clinician and the client can explore the feelings and emotional aspect. Together, my clients and I set the agenda, goals and tasks, a very integral part of the session. Once my client has begun to think and behave in a healthier manner, I provide positive reinforcement. The level of enjoyment in the progress that is taking place is a rewarding feeling when my client’s new way of thinking has given rise to a healthier way of behaving and thinking, in return diminishing her negative cognitions.
The goal of cognitive-behavioral treatment is to adapt the patient’s thoughts; as Riley is thinking of how she is failing to deal with the present situation she is in, this treatment will help her change this thinking. In this treatment, Riley’s patterns of thinking would be recognized over a series of appointments, and the clinician would then identify different ways of viewing the same situations Riley has been dealing with, making them not as dysfunctional for her. As well as cognitive-behavioral treatment, physical activity can also combat depression because it releases endorphins; this treatment would be accessible to Riley, and it is something that can be self-initiated as well as encouraged by her parents. These treatments would be ideal for Riley as they encourage her to better her illness without antidepressants since she is so
...on CBT or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. CBT is “talk therapy” that seeks to identify cognitive deficits and distortions common in depressed adolescents. The adolescent and therapist will work together to problem solve these findings. Finally the therapist aims to teach the patient to self monitor as well as to learn new coping strategies. Sometimes therapy alone is not enough for treatment and medications can play an important role in aiding the biological aspects of the depressed brain. While there is still much debate surrounding the subject SSRI’s are currently the most widely prescribed meds for depressed adolescence.
Beck, A. (1978). Cognitive therapy of depression (The Guildford Clinical Psychology and psychopathology series). New York, N.Y : Guildford Press.
Nemeroff, Charles B., et. el. (2003) Differential Responses to Psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy in Patients with Chronic Forms of Major Depression. National Academy of Sciences, v100, i24, pg.142(4)
Friedberg, R. D., McClure, J. M. & Garcia, J. H. (2009). Cognitive therapy techniques for children and adolescents: Tools for enhancing practice. New York, NY: Guilford Press
The Clinical Application of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is based on the concept that behavior change may be achieved through altering cognitive processes. The assumption underlying the cognitively based therapeutic techniques is that maladaptive cognitive processes lead to maladaptive behaviors and changing these processes can lead to behavior modification. According to Mahoney (1995), an individual's cognitions are viewed as covert behaviors, subject to the same laws of learning as overt behaviors. Since its inception, cognitive-behavior modification has attempted to integrate the clinical concerns of psychodynamic psychotherapists with the technology of behavior therapists (Mahoney, 1995).
Depression is marked by persistent depressed mood, changes in appetite or weight, lack of energy, difficulty concentrating, and changes in sleep patterns. These symptoms can develop at a very difficult time in someone’s life and continue beyond a normal period of mourning. People can become depressed because of a difficult life event, or some can become depressed for no reason at all (Symptoms of Depression, 2005-2013). Some ask “what is the difference between bipolar disorder and depression”. Bipolar disorder is also known as manic depression.
This essay aims to critically evaluate one therapeutic intervention in psychology, named, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). It begins with defining CBT and discussing the underlying principles and concepts of this approach. Some examples of treating psychological disorders by employing a CBT approach in children and adolescents will be made and then, It will move on to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this therapeutic intervention. The review will be finished by a conclusion regarding employing such approach.
Cognitive behavioral therapy is used to treat diverse types of disorders such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, eating disorders, etc. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps patients deal with a specific problem in the present as well as avoid the same problem in the future. A patient anc potentially learn how to identify destructive behavior within themselves, so that they can move forward positively in the future. Long term, a patient will learn how to change the thought patterns that lead to the destructive behavior with the help of cognitive behavioral