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Importance of physical activity
The structure and function of carbohydrates
Physical activity importance
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The Chemistry of Carbohydrates The chemistry of carbohydrates most closely resembles that of alcohol, aldehyde, and ketone functional groups. As a result, the modern definition of a carbohydrate is that the compounds are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. The chemistry of carbohydrates is complicated by the fact that there is a functional group (alcohol) on almost every carbon. In addition, the carbohydrate may exist in either a straight chain or a ring structure. Ring structures incorporate two additional functional groups: the hemiacetal and acetal. A major part of the carbon cycle occurs as carbon dioxide is converted to carbohydrates through photosynthesis. Carbohydrates are utilized by animals and humans in metabolism to produce energy and other compounds. Carbohydrates are initially synthesized in plants form a complex series of reactions involving photosynthesis. They store energy in the form of starch or glycogen in animals and humans. They provide energy through metabolism pathways and cycles. Carbohydrates also supply carbon for synthesis of other compounds. (Berdanier, Pgs 45-47). Metabolism occurs in animals and humans after the ingestion of organic plant or animal foods. In the cells a series of complex reactions occurs with oxygen to convert. For example glucose sugar into the products of carbon dioxide and water and energy. This reaction is also carried out by bacteria in the decomposition/decay of waste maters on land and in water. Combustion occurs when any organic material is reacted or burned in the presence of oxygen to give off the products of carbon dioxide and water and energy. The organic material can be any fossil fuel such as natural gas (methane), oil, or coal. Other organic materials that combust are wood, paper, plastics, and cloth. The whole purpose of both processes is to convert chemical energy into other forms of energy such as heat. All carbohydrates are made up of units of sugar (also called saccharide units). Carbohydrates that contain only one sugar unit (monosaccharides) or two sugar units (disaccharides) are referred to as simple sugars. Simple sugars are sweet in taste and are broken down quickly in the body to release energy. Two of the most common monosaccharides are glucose and fructose. Glucose is the primary form of sugar stored in the human body for ener... ... middle of paper ... ...o these animals can digest cellulose. There is now a large amount of evidence that carbohydrates can improve the performance of athletes. During high intensity exercise, carbohydrates are the main fuel for the muscles. By consuming high levels of carbohydrate before, during and after training or an event, glycogen stores are kept well stocked. These stocks help the athlete to perform for longer and help their bodies sustain the effort. The vital role of physical activity in maintaining health and fitness in the general population is now recognized. For those who want to keep fit and active, a well-balanced high-carbohydrate diet is recommended. Works Cited 1. Berdanier, Carolyn D. Carbohydrate Metabolism. Washington, 1976. 2. Honeyman, John. Introduction to the Chemistry of Carbohydrates. Oxford, Clarendon, 1968. 3. Robyt, John F. Essentials of Carbohydrate Chemistry. New York, 1998. 4. Bradley, Ron. “The Basics of Carbohydrates.” Eufic Inc. Aug 9, 1998. 5. “Carbohydrates.” Vision Learning. The National Science Foundation, 2003.
Animal metabolism consists of the utilization of nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract and their catabolism as fuel for energy or their conversion into substances of the body. Metabolism is a continuous process because the molecules and even most cells of the body have brief lifetimes and are constantly replaced, while tissue as a whole maintains its characteristic structure. This constant rebuilding process without a net change in the amount of a cell constituent is known as dynamic equilibrium (Grolier1996). In the combustion of food, oxygen is used and carbon dioxide is given off. The rate of oxygen consumption indicates the energy expenditure of an organism, or its metabolic rate (Grolier1996).
Carbohydrates are biomolecules that consist of a chain or ring of carbon atoms attached to hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The simplest formula for carbohydrates is (CH2O)n. Carbohydrates are important to organisms for a variety of reasons. They are used to form the structural components of the cell, aid in energy storage, and serve as intermediary compounds for more complex molecules. Carbohydrates are classified as either monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides. Both monosaccharides and disaccharides dissolve easily in water. Carbohydrates are produced in plants through the process of photosynthesis and animals obtain these carbohydrates by eating the plants. ("BIO 1510 Laboratory Manual," 2016)
Carbohydrates are split into two main groups. The simple sugars and the starches. Simple sugars contain fructose, glucose and lactose. All three sugars can be found in most fruits. The starches are found in bread, rice, some fruits, some vegetables, and potatoes. Carbohydrates are mainly tasked with providing your body energy. However, in some instances where the body lacks enough fibre, the carbohydrates can be broken down to provide a replacement for fibre.
Fructose- is also a monosaccharide and also the sweetest natural sugar. It’s found in fruits and honey.
Answer: Carbohydrates are sugars, carbohydrates are made up of a long chain of carbon atoms. Carbohydrates provide living things with energy.
One of the four molecules is carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are made out of CHO. The main building blocks are sugars (saccharides). What carbohydrates do for us is they store fuel for our cells. They are fast paced and energetic.
In every morsel of food are vitamins, minerals nutrients, and calories that allow our bodies to function properly. Examples of these macronutrients that need to be consumed include: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins and mineral. To begin, carbohydrates serve many functions in the body. There are many types of carbohydrates. There are simple carbs, complex carbs, refines unrefined carbs, starch and fiber. Everything that we ingest is broken down; simple carbohydrates are carbohydrates in the smallest form. Simple carbohydrates, or simple sugars, are commonly referred to as monosaccharaides (glucose, fructose, and galactose) or disaccharides, which are 2 simple carbs placed together. Cells use glucose to provide energy for cells through
Glucose is the fuel cells use for respiration, carbon dioxide. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol and creates two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate and two molecules of ATP by breaking down glucose. During the aerobic process, pyruvate will lose one of its three carbons as a molecule of 〖CO〗_2, leaving behind a two-carbon acetyl group. Oxygen is re...
Chemistry is vitally important in our understanding physiology. The molecule of my choice for this final exam is Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are originated as the outcome of photosynthesis, the condensation of carbon dioxide that requires light energy and chlorophyll pigment. Carbohydrates are a huge source of something called metabolic energy, which can be found in plants which help feed our animals. Carbohydrates are found in sugars and starches but they have another purpose which is called cellulose which helps transport the compound ATP. Carbs are called saccharides and if they are considered sugars. The complexity of carbohydrates which are monosaccharides and complex carbs which consist of polysaccharides disaccharides and oligosaccharides. Carbohydrates represent the main source of energy for the human body. All carbs can be broken down into sugars and absorbed into our intestines and blood stream. Your body uses the glucose formed as fuel for energy. Different carbs digest and break down at different rates. When our blood sugar levels increase our pancreas pumps insulin into our blood stream. Simple carbs turn into glucose faster where complex carbs slowly turn into glucose. The foods we eat that contain carbohydrates cause our blood sugar levels to increase, transporter proteins push the glucose into our muscles, liver cells and fat where our bodies store or end up using the glucose. The cells in our bodies can’t directly use the glucose, so it has to be converted into molecules that cells then use as an energy source. One of the most important molecule for energy storing is the adenosine triphosphate known as ATP. When our cells contain oxygen it can then turn glucose into the ATP molecules using some chemical rea...
Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecule on Earth. “Carbohydrates are used as accessible energy to fuel cellular reactions and for structural support inside cell
Muscles are tissues in a human body or animal that contracts so it forms a strong tissue. Not only do carbs affect energy, they are also known for affecting the growth of muscles. Carbohydrates are a person on a diet’s worst enemy because carbohydrates affect the muscle growth. (http://www.bodybuilding.com) They affect muscle growth because when a person exercises and eats too many carbs it would be as if they were not exercising at all since the carbohydrates they have eaten are formed into fats, therefore; all the time one spends at the gym is for noting because all their burning is the carbs and they will see results of muscle until the fat is gone.
The carbon cycle is a very helpful and unique cycle which allows carbon to be exchange
When humans consume plants, the carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins that are broken down through two forms of cellular respiration. The two processes of cellular respiration displayed in humans are anaerobic or aerobic. The deciding process used depends on the presence of oxygen. Cellular respiration converts the material into useable energy called ATP. ATP is the energy form that cells can use to perform their various functions and it can also be stored for later use. Without plants, none of this energy could be produced and the herbivores that humans consume would not exist.
This helps consumers called heterotrophs and autotrophs use organic molecules produced by photosynthesis as a building block for growth and repair and as a source of chemical energy for cellular work. (Mader, 2013) Photosynthesis produces an enormous amount of carbohydrate that humans use to convert it into coal.
Carbohydrates have many functions that help our bodies. It’s the major source of energy. Both types of carbs