In this experiment, luminol was synthesized and investigated the chemiluminescence reaction. The starting material, 5-nitro-2,3-dihydrophtalazine, was added by reagents, refluxed and vacuum filtered to get luminol. Using stock solutions, we mixed our luminol product with sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and potassium ferricyanide in a dark room to observe a blue light. In the end there was a 121% yield of luminol and experienced a blue glow. Introduction Luminol is an organic compound that is known for its use by crime scene and investigators in detect blood . Luminol, an oxidizing agent, and a base will glow blue in an area that has traces of blood . The iron in the blood is what causes it to glow blue. The blood’s glow is called chemiluminescence. …show more content…
The energy in order to produce light in chemiluminescence comes from the energy released by the breaking, forming, or reconstructing of chemical bonds. In fluorescence, the energy needed to produce light comes from the absorbance of light at a higher frequency and then released to a lower frequency that can be seen to the human eye. Reflux, which we used in the experiment, involves boiling a solution while condensing the vapor by cooling it and returning the liquid to the reaction flask. The reflux apparatus includes a jacketed condenser with a water in/water our line attached and water flowing through the system. Since this organic reaction occurs for a long time, we use this method so that we can heat a reaction without losing any reagents. Vacuum filtration is used to completely separate a solid from a liquid when it is mixed together. The Vacuum filtration apparatus involves a filter flask, heavy- walled tubing, and a water aspirator. A Hirsch funnel with filter paper is inserted in the filter flask, a mixture is poured into the funnel, the vacuum draws out liquid, and the solid is allowed to dry. Experimental
Fluorescence measurement provides very important information about the photochemistry of a particular molecule. The first part of this experiment was dealing with the fluorescence behavior of a Leucophor PAF. Information from both spectrophotometry and fluorimetry was used to measure the quantum yield as well as to explain why Leucophor PAF was use as commercial optical brightener. The second part of this experiment dealing with fluorescence quenching of quinine bisulphate solution (QBS) is the presence of sodium chloride.
Forensic Science Introduction: Someone in a restaurant has suddenly fallen ill and a mystery powder has been discovered with the victim. As the chief investigator, your duty is to identify the mystery substance through a lab. In this lab, it will consist of five known compounds and one unknown compound. Your job is to distinguish which one out of the five substances is the mystery powder. To figure out the mystery matter you will have to compare their physical and chemical properties and match them with the appropriate compound.
Around 1902, when luminol was first synthesized, scientists noticed that it exhibited a blue glow in the presence of other compounds. Later on, it was found that the luminol reaction occurred in the presence of blood. Its use in crime scenes was first implemented by German forensic scientist Walter Specht in 1937. When the luminol solution is sprayed, the iron present in hemoglobin in blood catalyzes the reaction to produce a blue glow. This is used because in certain situations, there may be too little blood present at a crime scene to be able to be seen. It can also help when a suspect had attempted to “clean up” the blood after committing the crime. In these cases, luminol can be used to see any evidence of blood that cannot be seen with the naked eye. The glow from the reaction only lasts for about thirty seconds and requires dark conditions to be able to see, but investigators are able to document it in
Glow sticks get their “glow” when two chemicals are mixed together because of a chemical reaction. The chemical reaction is called Chemiluminescence. A Typical glow stick has a plastic tube with a smaller inner tube inside. There are three components, two chemicals and a fluorescent dye which accepts the energy and helps covert to light. There is more than one way to make a glow stick, but the most common uses a solution of hydrogen peroxide and phenyl oxalate ester along with the fluorescent dye. The hydrogen peroxide is in its own compartment away from the other two components until ready to use. The fluorescent dye is what determines the subsequent color of the glow stick when the chemical solutions are combined.
We thank the University of Oklahoma and the chemistry faculty for providing the space, instructions, and equipment for the development of this report and experiment.
Maybe the ingredients in glow sticks have ingredients that affect the reaction time in glow sticks. Luminol contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and when these elements mix with alkaline solution which has a very high pH level and an oxidizing agent, the substance then glows a bluish color. Hydrogen peroxide reacts with luminol and is highly reactive when mixed with other ingredients. How would
The experiment we did was Copper Cycle. We reverted the copper to its elemental form after a chain of reactions. We performed a series of reactions, starting with copper metal and nitric acid to form copper (ii) nitrate. Then we reacted copper with sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and zinc to form precipitates. In conclusion our percent recovery was 40.38%.
Sitting by a fire on a fall night one would not think of a campfire as cold light. Could there be such a thing? “Cold light” is what the word luminescence means (Fluorescent Mineral Society, 1 of 2). Cold light can be seen at many different temperatures. Not only does cold light exist, but there are several types of luminescence including bioluminescence or “living light”, photoluminescence or fluorescence, “day-glow”, and phosphorescence which is delayed luminescence or “afterglow” (Fluorescent Mineral Society, 1 of 2). Chemiluminescence is when two or more chemicals mix and react to create light energy.
[Randel (1932) investigated an NH3/H2O absorption refrigeration cycle employing the principle of supplementary agent for pressure equalization in the evaporator (Qué es? Not Clear). In this case the supplementary agent does not circulate with the cooling agent (What is the cooling agent? Write with your own words. Don’t try to copy full sentences) [Improve the writing style of this part]. The heat of absorption is utilized in the desorber to reduce the heat input [how?]. As shown in Figure 5, the major components of the cycle are the same as those ...
Depending on the time delay of emission , there are two types of photoluminescence ,namely ,Fluorescence and Phosphorescence.
Input variables In this experiment there are two main factors that can affect the rate of the reaction. These key factors can change the rate of the reaction by either increasing it or decreasing it. These were considered and controlled so that they did not disrupt the success of the experiment. Temperature-
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the affect of the use of a catalyst and temperature on the rate of reaction while keeping all the other factors that affect the reaction rate constant.
Benzyl bromide, an unknown nucleophile and sodium hydroxide was synthesized to form a benzyl ether product. This product was purified and analyzed to find the unknown in the compound.
LAB REPORT 1st Experiment done in class Introduction: Agarose gel electrophoresis separates molecules by their size, shape, and charge. Biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins, are some examples. Buffered samples such as glycerol and glucose are loaded into a gel. An electrical current is placed across the gel.
Bioluminescence is the production of light from an organism by a chemical reaction. (all authors) It is utilized by terrestrial and marine organisms, for predatorial, attractive, protective, communicative, and identification advantages. (first one) The cookie-cutter shark utilizes an illuminated underside to attract prey. (first) Bioluminescence can create a strong flash of light for protection against a predator. Bioluminescence is a primarily marine phenomenon. In contrast, bioluminescence is essentially absent (with a few exceptions) in fresh water, even in Lake Baikal. On land it is most commonly seen as glowing fungus on wood (called foxfire), or in some luminous insects. The light intensity is usually highest at night and lowest during