Identifying macromolecules by using chemical testing in an unknown solution Leonardo Vargas, Hyat Farraj, Naraly Sosa, Alain Greenwald To be able to identify what kind of macromolecules a solution has, it has to be tested to be able to identify what macromolecules are present in the solution. Here we used only one test for each macromolecule that we are testing for. We tested for RNA, DNA, protein, sugar, starch, and lipid macromolecules. Using these kinds of test we were able to figure out, that we can detect what kind of macromolecules are present in a solution almost with full accuracy. To be able to understand what kind of functions are going on at a molecular level on a cell, you have to first know what macromolecules form the structure you are testing. To do these kinds of studies with chemical testing you have to be able to isolate the structure you are testing for. One scientist who was doing these kinds of testing early on was Friedrich Miescher, who “wanted to determine the …show more content…
5 test tubes were used for this lab, each label 1-5. Then we added 1ml of assign solution for each test tube. Tube 1 had DNA, 2 had RNA, 3 had the nucleic acids from the liver extract supernatant, 4 had water, and 5 had the unknown. 2ml of Dische’s reagent was then added to each test tube. All of the test tubes are then place in boiling water. After 15 minutes in the boiling water, we recorded the color of each of the different test tubes in a table. Orcinol Test. 5 clean test tubes were label from 1-5. 1ml of different solutions were then added to different tubes. Tube 1 had DNA, 2 had RNA, 3 had nucleic acids, 4 had water, and 5 had the unknown. 1.5ml of Orcinol A was then added to each test tubes, and then 2 drops of Orcino B were also added to each of test tubes. The contents of each tube were then mixed, after mixing, the tubes were then placed in boiling water for 15 minutes with marbles covering the tubes. Colors of the solutions were then recorded in a
Living organisms undergo chemical reactions with the help of unique proteins known as enzymes. Enzymes significantly assist in these processes by accelerating the rate of reaction in order to maintain life in the organism. Without enzymes, an organism would not be able to survive as long, because its chemical reactions would be too slow to prolong life. The properties and functions of enzymes during chemical reactions can help analyze the activity of the specific enzyme catalase, which can be found in bovine liver and yeast. Our hypothesis regarding enzyme activity is that the aspects of biology and environmental factors contribute to the different enzyme activities between bovine liver and yeast.
The first step to the unknown is selecting an actual organism. The best way to select a culture is based on a high-quality distribution. Equally important, shaking up the broth tube facilitates in the distribution. Upon selection, a gram check for purity is performed. Step by step instructions for this procedure can be found in Benson’s, Microbiological Applications p. 99. Furthermore, an aseptic technique must be performed for this test and the entire tests following the unknown. The purpose of this test is to differentiate between gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. The key indicator of gram-positive bacteria is a purple stain and a pink stain for gram-negative bacteria. A slide is viewed with a microscope under oil immersion. Equally
Experiment #3: The purpose of this experiment to test the chromatography of plant pigments the alcohol test strip test will be used.
Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) is used to isolate a predetermined strand of DNA on the double helix. Once the desired DNA is isolated it is able to be copied as much as needed (2). In this experiment PCR was used to isoloate Vangl2 from Zebra fish embryos. In a PCR experiment, a primer is used to find and isolate the desired nucleotide sequence of DNA (2). In this experiment two primers were used as follows:
Chernecky, C. C., and B. J. Berger. Laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures. 5. St. Louis MO: W B Saunders Co, 2008. eBook.
There are three types of tests that can be conducted on blood evidence. The first test is the conventional serological tests which analyses proteins, antigens and enzymes present in the blood samples. The elements tested here are vulnerable to degradation and requires large samples to obtain ideal results. The other test is the restriction fragment length polymorphism, which analyses the presence of certain DNA sequences in the white blood cells. DNA does not degrade rapidly like proteins and enzymes and, therefore, this procedure is less likely to be affected by degradation. The third type o...
3.) Divide your 30g of white substance into the 4 test tubes evenly. You should put 7.5g into each test tube along with the water.
The first step was to add 1 mL of a premade 8% sodium chloride (salt) solution to a large test tube. One mL is approximately 20 drops from a pipette. The salt solution is very important because it will go into the DNA and destroy the histones that the DNA is wrapped around (Rice, George). It will also start to break apart the cell membrane so we can get to the DNA (DNA Extraction Techniques).
== § Test tubes X 11 § 0.10 molar dm -3 Copper (II) Sulphate solution § distilled water § egg albumen from 3 eggs. § Syringe X 12 § colorimeter § tripod § 100ml beaker § Bunsen burner § test tube holder § safety glasses § gloves § test tube pen § test tube method = == = =
List of the tests to be conducted, material to be tested, the location of sampling, the organization’s name that will perform the test, and the frequency of testing.
Second I will describe what these tests are used to figure out and how they are carried out.
The scientist in a laboratory does basic research to develop new compounds and processes. When the
The objective of this lab is to determine the present of normal and abnormal constituents in the urine, also to examine the pH, specific gravity, and chemical constituents.
It is where it uses biomolecules from organisms such as enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acid and a cell as a whole. It is design to interact with the specific analyte of interest to produce an effect measurable by the transducer.
Through the advancement of the analytical techniques we can move into the regime where the details play a major role in understanding life sciences, for example in the field of metabolomics. It involves the determination of a small set of molecules known as metabolites with the molecular weights typically in the range lesser than 2500Da in organisms or cells. In contrast to genomics involving the combinations of gene or protein alphabet, it is structurally far more diverse. Also it is required that they must be determined at native concentrations as there are no general amplification protocols for metabolites existing yet. Also there is currently no method which provides this branch with the throughput and sensitivity of genomics.