1. Introduction When undertaking any kind of research, it is important to decide on a mode of observation and data collection method that is suited for the chosen study and will produce results that the research. 2. Participatory Rural Appraisal According to Chambers (1994:1253) “Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) has been described as a growing family of approaches and methods to enable local (rural or urban) people to express, enhance share and analyse their knowledge of life and conditions, to plan and to act” (Chambers 1994:1253). There is no one overarching definition of PRA because ever since its development, the approach has spread and changed at exceptional speeds. It is important to note that most of PRA has roots in various theories that have added and influenced the PRA known today. According to Chambers (1994:954) there …show more content…
Its contribution to PRA is: the complexity, diversity, and risk-proneness of a lot of farming systems, the knowledge and rationality of small and poor farmers, their experimental mindset and behavior and their ability to conduct their own analysis. • Rapid rural appraisal: 2.1 Characteristics of Participatory Rural Appraisal • Reversal of learning is to learn from local people directly on site and face to face, to gain insight from their local physical, technical and social knowledge. • Learning rapidly and progressively with continuous exploration, flexible use of methods, opportunism, improvisation, iteration and cross checking, not following a blueprint program but being adaptable in a learning process. • Offsetting biases requires the facilitator/ outsider to be relaxed not rushing, to listen and not lecture, probe instead of moving on to the next topic, be unimposing instead of important, and seeking out the poorer people and women and learning their concepts and
The hidden bias test by Project Implicit was interesting method of determining hidden biases. A hidden bias is, “Biases thought to be absent or extinguished remain as "mental residue" in most of us.”(Teaching Tolerance, 2014). Studies have shown a link between biases and behavior and biases can be revealed through an individual’s actions. If biases are revealed through actions then they must be learned. Teaching Tolerance indicates, “Bias is perpetuated by conformity with in-group attitudes and socialization by the culture at large.” (Teaching Tolerance, 2014). This perspective supports the belief which biases are learned and never forgotten and reestablished through behavior. My perception of biases is they are formed through experiences not group conformity. Culture is important influence in forming biases, yet biases can change. According to Teaching Tolerance, even if a bias still changes it lingers in the unconscious. An interesting perspective, biases continue to stay with each of us even if we think it is hidden.
...at small farms constitute 90 percent of the world’s farms and employment of 1.3 billion people. This dominates agriculture in developing countries because two-thirds of the 3 billion rural people in the world live off the income generated by farmers managing some 500 million small farms (Halberg & Müller, 2012, p.21). Additionally, there are benefits to land conservation for local communities that involves reduced environmental hazards, improvement of water quality from ground recharge, economic gains from agricultural production from exporting, and the natural settings that bring tourism generating the economy (McMahon & Urban, 2010 p.2). It is only through the awareness of this informational insight into the differences between community types and their transitions throughout time that the public can explore and discover economic incentives for rural communities.
Of course, implementing an anti-bias approach is not going to happen over a short phase it is a lifestyle, a continuous work and often times there will be training required how to do that correctly without insulting ones culture, to assure no one is silenced and everybody gets to practice their right to participation, feels proud of who they are, respect others, achieve their full potential (Derman-Sparks & Olsen Edwards 2010,
Learning can be seen by learn something by actually doing it or take action on what have been planning and judging it in practical value by trying out what they have learn. Converger style is an individual who can solve problems or known as “the decision maker” because learner more to test the theory and solve problem with their experience to make a decisions by finding solutions to the questions and problem. Converger is strong in applying practical of ideas can focus on hypo-deductive reasoning on specific problems has narrow interest. Converger also learn by teach to themselves, initiated, and controlled, creative, resource and evaluator. Converger known as pragmatists, they might start using the programme but make frequent references to the help file. The skills in that converger learners possess are those that are technologist careers or important in specialist. They are more attracted to work in technical project rather than concern social issues or interpersonal relationship such as find method apply learning in case studies, problem solving and do discussion. In application to teaching, questions such as what impact does this newly achieved learning outcome now have on their future learning? They likes to experiments, finding solutions to problems with new ideas to simulate. They likes to have a go and try thing and see if they work by trying out and testing new skills and abilities in new
The learning that supports students in applying their knowledge, learnt skills and conceptual understanding to real world problems or situations where the instructor just facilitates and direct learning is called as experiential learning. The concept of experiential learning explores the cyclical pattern of all learning from experience through reflection and conceptualizing to action and on to further experience. The classroom, laboratory, or studio can serve as a setting for experiential learning through embedded activities such as case and problem-based studies, guided
Louise Derman-Sparks and Julie Olsen Edwards, authors of Anti-Bias Education: for Young Children and Ourselves, provide a great example of an internal bias that results in unfair judgments. “One example is if you were raised to believe that being prompt is a sign of responsibility, and your family always had a car, then it might be hard for you to comprehend the experience of low-income families who chronically drop their children off late due to unreliable buses (pg. 21).” It is little anecdotes like those that make you evaluate your pure un-bias tendencies against certain social identities.
The first method to be discussed and analysed are experimental methods. There is a variety of experimental methods including; laboratory, field and natural experiments. These methods are the most scientific method due to them being highly objective and systematic. In addition, this method is regarded as the most powerful research method used in psychology because of the potential to investigate the causes of events and therefore, identifying the cause and effect relationship. When carrying out an experiment the researcher intervenes directly in the situation being investigated. The researcher manipulates an independent variable (IV) in order to investigate whether there is a change in the dependent variable (DV). Any other variables that could have an
The observational method is when researchers use their senses to observe, examine, and record behaviors in a natural setting. This means there is no interruption or manipulation by the researcher. In order to enhance this type of research,
problem, formation of hypothesis, data collections by observing and experimenting. At all stages of the
The most significant feature of an investigative study is the precision and simplicity of the investigative problem. For a brief assertion, it definitely has a great deal of influence on the study. The statement of the problem is the central position of the study. The problem statement should affirm what will be studied, whether the study will be completed by means of experimental or non-experimental analysis, and what the reason and function of the results will bring. As an element of the opening, profound problem declarations satisfies the query of why the study should to be performed. The reason of this essay is to discuss the features of an investigative problem; in addition, the essay will center on what constitutes a researchable problem; the components of a well formed Statement of Research Problem; and, what constitutes a reasonable theoretical framework for the need of a study.
Due to rural-urban migration, there has been increasing levels of poverty and depopulation in rural areas. This is one of the reasons why the government has seen it as necessary and made it a priority to improve the lives of the people who live in rural areas. Rural development is about enabling people in the rural areas take charge of their destiny. This is through the use and management of the natural resources they are exposed to. This is a process through which people learn over time and they use this knowledge to adapt to the changing world. The purpose of rural development is to improve the lives of people living in the rural areas.
Learning is defined as the acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, study or by being taught (Merriam-Webster, 2014). Every student has a different way of learning, or if you will a learning style. Learning style is defined as an individual’s unique approach to learning based on strengths, weaknesses and preferences (Dictionary.com, 2014). Many professors try to accommodate the different learning styles of their students through lecture or one-on-one time sessions. The International Dimensions of Technology and Culture at University of Colorado at Denver is different from all of the other courses that I have taken on this campus due to the teaching techniques offered by Dr. Michael Tang. The professor of this course shows his students how to study for this particular course and hopefully apply this study technique to other classes. The study technique is referred to as mind mapping. Mind mapping accommodates the visual learners, logical learners and kinesthetic learners. Mind mapping is designed to make complex reading simpler to understand, make simple units of meaning into complex units and make connections between those units, and help students understand these relations as the whole. The process of mind mapping helps students recall information better. However, the main purpose of mind mapping to help students synthesize and integrate knowledge in a visual form.
This module broadens our understanding on the ways in which buildings are constructed and the purpose of choosing materials and structures for buildings. This module is divided into survey, structure, materials and construction. These are taught specifically through lectures, tutorial exercises, drawings and lab test workshops. The lectures were an explanation of the topics in which our knowledge was put into practice by solving and experimenting questions during tutorials and workshops. By the end of the year, we gained great knowledge on the contents of this module by taking part in this structured order of learning and understanding in workshops and tutorials.
The nature of research instruments, the sampling plan and the type of data the research design constitutes the blueprint for the collection, the measurement and analysis of data. It aids the researcher in the allocation of his limited resources by posing crucial choices.
The Importance and Appropriateness of Utilizing Different Methodologies for Research. Introduction The process of research entails the logical as well as systematic search for useful data and information with regard to a specific topic (Jha, 2008). It is also comprised of the investigation of the best, most cost effective and appropriate solutions to both social and scientific issues, following an objective and logical analysis. Jha, (2008) defines research as the search for knowledge and the discovery of the truth. During this process, the data can be gathered from a wide pool of sources among them interviews, books, nature among others.The data can then be analyzed with the appropriate data analysis tools, so as to report the findings