CELLULAR MANUFACTURING
Cellular manufacturing(CM), a revolutionary method of manufacturing which changed the ways of manufacturing in the whole world. It groups man, machine, process into cells which are dedicated to manufacture or assemble similar products, based on principles of group technology. Advantages that can be realized by implementing Cellular manufacturing are reduction in material handling cost, reduction in lead time, increase in machine up time, less work in progress increase in delivery time, less inventory cost. All these number of advantages made this technology as most widely used technology in manufacturing industry such as food, oil and gas, automotive, chemical and so on. The main reason of so much application of cellular
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This implies that there is no relation between different cells and they is virtually no inter cell movement. As the result material handling cost shoots up and giving rise to many accidents. Data related to the products that were produced by the company were collected and it came out be 900 different products depending upon the brand, size, weight, volume and so on but they can be categorized in 120 different category according to the generic name. Company has 12 work center/cells to manufacture these products and the main task is to develop the alternative layout design in CM environment(intra and inter design). It was further found by detail investigation that 90% of the work centers has single machine so there is no need to develop the intra-cell layout plan and now only inter-cell layout design is to be made with constraints imposed by the company and some of them are as some work centers cannot be re-located as they require special environment which is made around them and if any re-location is made to the work centers then re-installation of the environment has to be done which means it will cost large amount of money to company moreover some of the work centers should be close as they are sharing same utilities such as mixing tank. The models were prepared satisfying all the constraints and presented to decision makers, impressed with these models they imposed some more constraints and then models were revised and new models were created agreeing to all restrictions. Finally, Two models were presented to company as the alternatives and suggested to use any one of them. Presently, company is operating one of the
In today’s operational management arena, there are certain expectations from a managerial aspect that must be met in order to be successful. A comprehensive look at the Space Age Furniture Company will show exactly what the Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) calculations are for this company at present time and then take the information given in order to properly suggest ways to improve the sub-assemblies. In addition, there will be an analysis on the trade-offs between the overtime and inventory costs. A calculation will be made on the new MRP that will improve the base MRP. This paper will also compare and contrast the types of production processing to include the job shop, batch, repetitive, or continuous, and determine which the primary mode of operation should be and exactly why. A detailed description on how management can keep track of the job status and location during production will also be addressed. Finally, there will be a recommendation on they type of changes that need to occur that will be beneficial to the company and at the same time add value to the customer. This paper will conclude with summary of the major points.
How might it overcome these problems? The ABC system divides the overheads resources by seven different types instead of two: direct labor support, machine operation, set up hours, production order activity and administrative overhead... ... middle of paper ... ... rs OH = 27.56 x .310 = 8.54 Materials Dollars OH = .097 x 6.44 = 0.62 Total Cost (per 100 parts) $22.85 ABC METHOD Total Cost
An unbelievable idea has turned into reality. An idea that can now be born with the use of a 3D printing mechanism.
Based on future supplier contracts, shortening lead time for delivery of parts and materials establishing leaner processes, namely addressing wastes identified through implementing a Just-In-Time (JIT) system. A centralized wharehouse system, co-located near the manufacturing plant will reduce shipping and transportation costs or look for larger space with warehousing capacity. Savings, significant enough will be a factor if space with warehousing falls within the
This report focuses on Toyota Motor Corporation, a Japanese automotive manufacturer which developed the concept of lean manufacturing to increase the efficiency of its production by reducing the stock holding level. The basis of Toyota Production System (TPS) is the sheer elimination of waste. TPS includes standardization of work, uninterrupted work flows, direct links between suppliers and customers, and continuous improvement based on the scientific method (Spear and Bowen, 1999). The four main concepts of TPS are Just in Time (JIT), automation, flexible workforce and capitalizing on workers suggestion. Also, Toyota uses the pull inventory control system where the orders come from the customers and the line reacts to the demand. Ohno (1988) formulated Kanban as a ‘medium to pull material from an upstream station and manage product flow’. This has given Toyota its competitive advantage through the years.
Business improvement techniques such as Six Sigma, Lean Management, Theory of Constraints (TOC) and Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) are successful and accepted worldwide. Many successful firms, for instance Toyota uses production planning techniques to achieve world class quality output. AGI in this paper illustrates the before and after stages by implementing various business improvement techniques to achieve the desired output. Also, high end business such as, U.S Navy implements the integrated blend of TOC, Lean and Six Sigma approach- “AIR” to eliminate the problems arising from uncertainty and inefficiency. Furthermore adding speed and direction to their project. On the other hand, Youngman demonstrates the production planning using
3D Printing: The weapon to save or kill? People nowadays might get the impression that the 3D printing technology is a relatively new concept in our daily lives. However, 3D printing technology has been invented and utilized in many fields such as creating human organs in healthcare, building architectural models in engineering, and even forming components that can be used in aeronautic fields. Since Charles W. Hull invented the 3D printing technology in the 1980s, scientists, engineers, and even normal people were and still are trying to discover more possibilities of the usages and changes in this technology. Same as every invention of the new technology, with its undeniable beneficial effects, 3D printing also faces lots of limitations on the printing material, financial costs, market standardization, and more crucially the possible abuse of it.
The modem assembly line pours out finished products faster than Taylor could ever have imagined. This production "miracle" is just one legacy of scientific management. In addition, its efficiency techniques have been applied to many tasks in non-industrial organizations, ranging from fast-food service to the training of surgeons.
One of the common designing techniques using in Architecture is parametric design. The term of parametric Design “is a methodology of using advanced visualization technology and mathematical algorithms to optimize structure and material form to advance resource efficiency and innovative solutions within the area of built environment” . However, the boundary line between Parametric design and the current computer-aided drafting or modelling approach is not very clear (Monedero, 2000) . However, it provides a precise formulation instead of complex relation between elements and subsystems. According to Schumacher 2008, there are three significant agendas could be beneficial to consider through this process. Firstly, move from single system differentiation to the scripted association of mutable subsystems. Secondly, the complex configuration. The third agenda is to allow the architecture environment to reconfigure and adapt itself in r...
The development of the manufacturing industry, quality and control, manufacturing capacity increase or the duration and the need to reduce cost has arisen is inevitable. Thus automation and programming concepts were started years ago. Automation is a machine's operative procedures and their sequence start form beginnig to end without human intervention, and its done automatically. Programming of the sequence of operations is prerared and tranfered to the counter. A bench during the operation of the program, and in the process, this will provide for amendments to the alignment and speed, then the counter is called flexibility.
A material handling does not add to the value of the product as not a production process having a point in favor of materials handling is that it helps production. Therefore, it becomes unavoidable depending on the weight, volume and through put of materials. Nevertheless costs money, therefore a key task to eliminate or reduce it as much as possible. Herewith, some of anticipated mechanical/Mechatronics handling reduces the labor costs of manual handling of materials. Hence, SME's puts a huge demand for cost & energy effective materials handling that should be carefully designed to suit the application.
Material handling system is an important equipment and in the design of an effective manufacturing design. One of the main tasks in material handling system design is the selection and setup involving apparatus, demanding comprehensive technical understanding along with methodical research. Material handling equipment selection is a very complex and tedious task. The main factors contributing to the complexity of the equipment selection problem is the constraints imposed by the facility and materials, a variety of disagreeing design and style requirements, anxiety inside functional environment, and some of equipment varieties in addition to designs accessible. In recent years, the equipment selection
The technology and complex foundation of additive manufacturing (AM) or more commonly known as 3D printing is still being widely explored through trial and error processes to improve this innovative field. Consumer goods such as clothes, food, decoration, household objects and tools, fragrance and so much more has good prospect within the spectrum of AM applications. The 3D printing machine enable industrial designers, mechanical engineer, packaging designers, graphic artists, marketing staff, fashion designers, interior designers and the like to create prototypes efficiently. How is timing more efficient with AM? Time to market shrink significantly as the 3D printer help designers and engineer bring their creation to life swiftly. All matters of aesthetics and functionality can be seen and reformed for optimal quality with AM.
Computer integrated manufacturing is a relatively new technology arising from the application of many computer science sub disciplines to support the manufacturing enterprise. The technology of CIM emphasizes that all aspects of manufacturing should be not only computerized as much as possible but also linked together via a computer communication network into an integrated whole. In short, CIM has the potential to enable manufacturers to build cheaper, higher-quality products and thus improve their competitiveness.
Manufacturing the process design also faces the same challenge in the optimization of the product (ARAUJO, JOSÉ AUGUSTO DA ROCHA DE; Costa, Reinaldo Pacheco da, 2004, p. 4).