Background Information Andy is an only child aged 12 studying at the ‘foundation’ level of a neighbourhood school. He comes from a single parent family where his father is an odd job worker. The father does not have a stable income and is rarely home. He frequently drinks and constantly scolds Andy. Andy’s mother had left the home when he was young due to his father’s constant abuse. Andy frequently plays truant and would usually hang out with a group of friends at the void decks or at the shopping centre. He will only go home late in the night when all his friends have gone home. The school had occasional reports that he had been caught shoplifting and stealing bicycles near the school with a group of his friends. Within this group, there are boys whose age ranges from 11 to 16. He was also seen smoking by his classmates. There had also been incidences where the group had tried to extort money from other children and teenagers. Should the person refuse to pay, they will even resort to violence to get it. In order to understand the issues at play and to propose various solutions, three main concepts would be examined. The focus would be on context of development, self and identity development and social development. Context of development – Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory The Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory focuses on how ones environment can affect a person’s development. It focuses on 5 main areas namely the Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem and Chronosystem (Bronfenbrenner, 1977, p. 514-515). Each system represents the setting in which they live in and how these people affect their growth. In this particular case study, Andy’s main influence is from the Microsystem and Mesosystem. The Microsystem... ... middle of paper ... ...f Andy shows that there are a number of major issues which is affecting him. It will not be sufficient to merely focus on only one or two solutions but rather a need to have a systematic and comprehensive solution done on various areas at the same time for it to be effective. Due to the lack of both the home support and close friends, other alternatives must be looked into or improved. What is of importance is that Andy himself must be convinced that his behaviour requires change in order for the various stated methods to work. Therefore sensitivity as well as proper tact must be taken to advise him to keep him receptive to the idea of changing. This would be more effective than putting him on the defensive which would cause more difficulty. These measures would need much time and patience from the parties involved in order to see its effects. Total Words: 2522
There are many stories shared in this book about the boys and their crimes. Most of the boys have physical abuse, drug addictions, gang affiliations or a combination of these in their background. Several of them have been bounced around to their grandparents, aunts and uncles or even foster care.
boys life. This boy is repeatedly gets kicked out of schools and he does again in the
Thinking about your own life using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model, can you draw a picture of the various layers of context in which you grew up?6
Macrosystem. The macrosystem is the outer most shell of the model that shapes the exosystem. These broad forces include culture, values, structures, institutions that create the environment in which the exosystem operates.
Bronfenbrenner’s theory explains five distinct but related environmental settings in a child’s life that could be influential in promoting the best outcomes and he explains how individual and their family systems are influenced in their development, how relationships function, and how interactions take place. Bronfenbrenner’s five systems: ”(Bigner & Gerhardt, 2008).
Brofenbrenner’s (1979) ecological model explains development using 5 systems in which a person interacts. According to Bronfenbrenners theory, the parent’s education is an influence within the Exosystem and Socioeconomic status is an influence within the Macrosystem. However, when studying development it is important to take into account the influences from all 5 systems, and how their interactions as a whole aid development. Bronfenbrenner explained the Chronosystem as changes over the life span of a person. The Chronosystem may arguably have a big influence on academic success as education constantly changes and the requirement children must meet alters and differs from year to year (Shawer, Gilmore and Banks-Joseph, 2008). Although a child’s parents may have achieved high success while in school, this may not result in them being able to offer support and knowledge to their child, as schools are obliged to change their curriculum to fit the requirements of the Government. It is important to consider that what parents were taught as children may not be perceived as knowledge needed for this
The environmental influences must be considered in order to understand the behavioral of a child. Urie Bronfenbrenner was a famous Russian American psychologist who formulated the Ecological Model Systems in 1979. He believed that as a child grow and mature, the way he/she interact with the environment become more complex. The Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model Systems defines how external environments and individuals affect the development of a child. It is made up of four systems that greatly influence the development of a child. The four systems are microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. My parents divorced when I was 3 years old and I grew up in a broken family. My microsystem includes immediate relationship I interact with,
Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory will be applied throughout this essay to delve into the reasoning behind particular behavioural issues. According to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, an individual has multiple environments known as their ecological systems (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). Bronfenbrenner (1994) suggests that a developing child is influenced by the relationships surrounding them and the best way to understand a child’s behaviour is to look at the numerous aspects of the child’s environment and how they interact with each other. The relationships and environments that the child interacts with have been separated into layers known as the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem and the overarching chronosystem (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). The microsystem is the environment where the child has direct face-to-face relationships such as at home, day care and school (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). The relationships formed within the microsystem directly impact the development of a child (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). It is through the processes of repeated interactions with people, objects and symbols that the human develops (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). The second layer in the ecological model is the mesosystem, which is the interaction between two of the microsystems such as the relationship between a parent and a teacher (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). The exosystem is an external environment, with which the
Lifespan development is essential, as it is the changes that happen to us throughout a person’s lifespan. Our development occurs at ages stages where we develop from infancy till death. This essay will contain my life story to display the domains in 5 age stages in my lifespan development. The domains I will be exploring is in this essay is physical, emotional, cognitive, social, cultural and moral domain. The influence of biological and environmental play a significant role in my development. Development is influenced by nature or nurture and its affect will occur throughout lifespan. The changes that occur during development have stage. Each theorists has stages of development where they display the changes. This essay will explore my development that will support theorist such as Erikson, Vygotsky, Berk, Piaget and other theorist. The age stages of prenatal will display physical and emotional domain, Infancy (0-2) will portray social and emotional domain, young children (2-6) will show cognitive and social domain, middle childhood (6-12) will display socio-cultural and moral domain and adolescence will portray nature vs. nurture and cultural domain. Development is crucial for a healthy wellbeing. As a physiotherapist it is significant to understand development in age stages, as it will aid knowing how young children will react compared to an adolescence who is more development mentally, emotionally, physically, socially and culturally.
To further more for a better understanding, I will explain the Bronfenbrenner 's Ecological systems model and how each level help in forming our human development. The ecological system model is a five different level model that contains people, places, and things that is believed to help a person 's develop in life. The first level is known as microsystem. The microsystem is the system that contains the closest and direct contact to a person, such as family, friends, school/work, and church. For example, my microsystem would consist of my home and work. At home, I tend to interact more with my parents and siblings. At work, I 'm more interactive with my boss, co-workers and the customers. Secondly, the next level of the ecological system is the mesosystem. The mesosystem consists of interaction between the different parts in the microsystem. For example, back in 8th grade I attended a catholic school. I had a nun as teacher and her name was Sister Anna. She was a very caring and loving teacher. I wasn 't a bad student, I just had bad habits. I tended to not do my homework while I was home, instead I rushed to do it in the morning before class. Sometimes I would finish in time and other times I would not. She would always ask why didn 't I do my homework at home and I would simply not know. So her and my parents sat down together to agree for me to stay with her after school to
As we have been learning this semester in class, the experiences and ecological settings in which a child grows up in are important in giving each child their uniqueness. According to Bronfenbrenner, the degree to which individuals realize their potentials and develop their abilities is determined by interactions and experiences (Berns, 2016). It is evident that these interactions and experiences can come from different sources. In order to understand how a child’s development is influenced by their environment, it is important to know how their biological, social, and psychological characteristics are shaped
order of influence an environment has on someone is from furthest to closest (1979). With that in
Children are products of their environment. There are several factors that determine the future outcome of the child. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model breaks down the components that effect the child. This model contains several layers; the inner most layer is called the microsystem, then comes the mesosystem, the exosystem, and the macrosystem. Each layer describes different factors that explain how and why the child behaves or grows up to be a certain way.
A child’s life is can be characterized by both qualitative and quantitative growth and in terms of how nature and nurture can shape and define the life of a child. Careful evaluation of these qualities can provide insight to the physical transformation of the body and to the maturing of the mind in both mental and emotional processing. Equally intriguing is the pace of this growth which is unique on an individual level but can be assessed on a categorical level. This philosophy, taking into account the various stages of growth in both qualitative and quantitative terms, the roles of nature and nurture influencing the growth,
Since being in the resource room, Andy has improved in various aspects. One thing that has helped for Andy was that Kathryn learned that he would do the work if it looked like a game. Also, Kathryn noticed that when he was receiving supervision, he was more likely to do his homework. I think that what Kathryn was doing was working; I think that she is not qualified because she was easily frustrated and it said that she did not like him. I think Andy would have shown more progress if the people working with him had more patience and were more