A Journey to the centre of a Black Hole! The Universe can be an unbelievably violent and extreme place. Nowhere is this seen more clearly than with the many exotic objects that can be found scattered throughout the Cosmos – from transient stellar explosions to all consuming Black Holes. What is a Black Hole? A Black Hole is a compact/ localised region of space surrounding a collapsed mass within which gravity is so powerful that neither matter nor radiation can escape – in other words, the escape velocity (see page 3) exceeds the velocity of light. Formation of Black Holes A Black Hole is thought to have been formed when a star with a certain mass undergoes total gravitational collapse. For a star with mass greater than M, gravity squashes the star to such an extent that, in theory, its density becomes infinite and its volume is zero. This state of matter is called a “singularity” and is inaccessible to the laws of physics as we understand them, in other words it breaks the laws of physics. For a Black Hole to form the solar mass of the star has to be 3 times heavier than the Sun. The gravitational field surrounding a Black Hole is so high that no radiation (including light) can escape and as a result of this it appears black due to the absence of any observable emission. ( http://www.nasa.gov. What is a black hole? September 30, 2008) General Theory of Relativity The General Theory of Relativity is the geometric theory of gravitation. This theory generalises special relativity and Newton’s law of universal gravitation, providing a united description of gravity as a geometric property of space and time (spacetime). Spacetime is any mathematical model that combines space and time into a single continuum. Albert Einstein’s resear... ... middle of paper ... ...k Holes. November 27, 2013 (online website) available at: This website helped me to understand how x-ray sources are emitted due to two 2 Black Holes being very close to one another. McEvoy, Jordan. Stephen Hawking – A graphic guide. United Kingdom: Icon Books Ltd, 1999 (journal) available at: This book helped me cover the area of Hawking Radiation, a very difficult topic area to understand. Smolin, Lee. Three Roads to Quantum Gravity. Great Britain: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000 (journal) available at: This journal provided me with all the quotes used throughout my report. Ridpath, Ian. Astronomy Dictionary. Great Britain: George Phillip Ltd, 1995 (journal) available at: This journal provided me with all the definitions used throughout my report.
For the Science Reader project, I read Black Holes, Wormholes, and Time Machines by Jim Al-Khalili. Interested in time travel and the secrets of space, I chose this book with hopes of better understanding our universe.
The origins of the super-massive black holes which concludes how they were formed and what caused them to form is an unsolved problem which is yet a mystery of astrophysics. ( Millis 2014)
In the 1970’s, Stephen Hawking made the argument that the quantum-mechanical effects of black holes made them emit radiation
Hawking, Stephen. “Our Picture of the Universe.” Fields of Reading. 6th ed. Ed. Nancy R. Comely et al. New York: St. Martin’s, 2001. (565-574)
Stephen Hawking is an extraordinary being to say the least. Stephen is possibly the smartest person on the planet, and if he isn’t quite there he is extremely close. Hawking is a very interesting person between his family, being diagnosed, education, and many other things, including his research, he is definitely worth reading about. This paper will inform you of everything you need to know about Stephen William Hawking.
The author tells of how waves are effected by quantum mechanic. He also discusses the fact that electromagnetic radiation, or photons, are actually particles and waves. He continues to discuss how matter particles are also matter, but because of their h bar, is so small, the effects are not seen. Green concludes the quantum mechanics discussion by talking about the uncertainty principle.Chapter 5: The need for a New Theory: General Relativity vs.
Just recently a major discovery was found with the help of a device known as The Hubble Telescope. This telescope has just recently found what many astronomers believe to be a black hole, After being focuses on a star orbiting empty space. Several pictures of various radiation fluctuations and other diverse types of readings that could be read from that area which the black hole is suspected to be in.
Gravity is defined as the force of attraction that causes objects to fall toward the center of the earth(“Gravity”). Without gravity, the world that we know would not exist. Gravity is the reason why objects are on earth and not floating in space. Although some discoveries have been made about gravity there are still numerous unanswered questions. There are several scientists who are well known for their contribution to science, these scientists include Aristotle, Galileo, Kepler, Newton, and Einstein. Over a course of several hundred years, scientists’ views about gravity has changed. No one really understands how gravity works, but people have learned about the effects of gravity. It started off with a philosophy point of view, and it then moved to a scientific methodology view, and then to scientific theory view.
...is its anti particle. When these particles appear, they will shortly annihilate each other because they are exact opposites (UCR). However, if one of these particle pairs appears at the event horizon of a black hole, the gravity from the black hole will tear the pair of particles apart. The normal particle will have just enough energy to escape the black hole. The particles escapes as Hawking Radiation. On the other hand, the anti particle gets sucked into the black hole. Since the anti particle has a negative mass, it actually decreases the mass of the black hole. The effects of Hawking radiation are generally negated by the fact that black hole sucks more in than it radiates (SST). But eventually it will not have anything more to suck in and start to lose mass. And at the end of its life, it will become unstable and suddenly release all of its mass in a big bang...
Kirkpatrick, Larry, and Gerald F. Wheeler. Physics: A World View. 4th ed. Orlando: Harcourt College Publishers, 2001.
Fowler, Michael. “Modern Physics.” Lecture. Mass and Energy. 1 Mar. 2008. Web. 13 Oct. 2013.
Einstein, Albert. Relativity: The Special and General Theory. Three Rivers Press, New York, New York. 1961.
Next to cosmology, Hawking is one of many physicists who are seeking out a flawless theory of Quantum Gravity. This topic is listed under the "Stephen Hawking" Wikipedia entry as one of Hawking's primary fields of research.
Initially, Albert Einstein was the person to predict the existence of black holes through his General Theory of Relativity, in which he had created several general equations that show the interaction of gravitation as a result of space being curved by matter or energy. In 1915, he published Einstein’s field equations, which specify how the geometry of space and time is influenced by whatever matter and radiation are present, and form the core of Einstein's general theory of relativity (Redd). The general theory relativity was the initial step in the process to finding out more information about black holes. As time went on, there were a few main contributors that solved these equations to help develop better theories on black holes. One of the most important contributors to the development of a better u...
Although I was not doing an article on black holes, I decided to watch the following documentary, merely because it was related to the cosmos.