A battery is a device that converts energy into electricity by storing electrical energy thru chemical reactions. In a battery, there are three major components [4]. The first component of a battery is a terminal called anode which is an electrode through which electric current flows into [2]. The second component of a battery is a terminal is called cathode which is an electrode through which electric current flows out [2]. These two terminals can be found at each end of a battery. The third component of a battery is called the electrolyte which is an ionic compound(s) that are used to separate these two terminals, send electrons and used to neutralize charges that build-up in the chemical reaction processes [2].
In the process of producing electricity, the anode in a battery produces electrons through an oxidation reaction while the cathode accepts these electrons creating electron flow [4]. Electrons are being carried and transferred by the electrolytes – that acts like a piece of metal between the anode and the cathode [4].
In the case of primary batteries, the chemical reactions are irreversible – meaning that the products produced in the chemical reactions to produce electricity cannot return to their (original) reactant state [4]. Therefore, these type of batteries run out of energy production overtime [4].
On the other hand, chemical reactions in a rechargeable battery are reversible – meaning that the products produced in the chemical reactions to produce electricity can go back to their original state by using an outside electric power source [4].
The following are the two types of battery with given specific batteries:
I. Primary Batteries
- These batteries are sometimes called single-use or “disposable” batteries...
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...emical reactions that involve variable of the following chemicals:
Oxidation (Anode):C+x〖Li〗^+ (aq)xe^-→CLix [8]
Reduction (Cathode):LiCoO_2→〖Li〗_(1-x) CoO_2+〖xLi〗^++xe^- [8]
• Lead-Acid
This battery is the most the most popular among the rechargeable batteries [1]. This battery offers advantages as the Lithium-Ion battery by being economical and reliable [1]. However, due to its weight, Lead-Acid battery is not as portable as the other batteries. In addition, this battery carries Lead, a toxic and carcinogenic compound, which is its main chemical component [1].
Chemicals involve in this battery are porous lead as the anode, lead(IV) oxide as the cathode and sulfuric acid as the electrolyte.
Oxidation (Anode):Pb(s)+〖HSO_4〗^- (aq)→〖PbSO〗_4 (s)+H^+ (aq)+2e^- [2].
Reduction (Cathode):PbO_2 (s)+〖〖HSO〗_4〗^- (aq)+3H^+ (aq)+2e^-→Pb〖SO〗_4 (s)+2H_2 O(l) [2].
An ion is a “electrically charged atom or groups of atoms”. (works, 2009)Referring to positively and negatively charged atoms that are used to form an ion. A document discusses how in order for an atom to become an negative ion it has to receive/gain electrons. However for a atom to become a positive ion it has to lose electrons. Another name for a negative ion is anion and another name for a positive ion is cation. This is also known as the Ionization process. Ionization in general can take place in an liquid, solid, and/or gases. Ions are also known to form when a dissociation is occurred. When this particular process begins to occur oppositely charged ions begin to dissolve for example in water or another form of solvent. These are known as electrolytes When a These terms are important to know because the experiment deals with an ion space system. Including but not limiting to acids, bases, and salts. These are often a good conductor for electricity which is why they are typically used for these space engines. (works, 2009). It is important to understand the ion and how it is formed and why it reacts because it is used in our experiment. Which would help to better understand what everything is talking about. Especially since the ...
An electrode is a component of an electric circuit that connects the conventional wiring of the circuit to a conducting medium such as an electrolyte or a gas. The electrically positive electrode is called the anode and the negative electrode the cathode. If an anode and a cathode are placed in a solution of an electrolyte and a source of direct current is connected between them, the positive ions in the
Metals contain a sea of electrons (which are negatively charged) and which flow throughout the metal. This is what allows electric current to flow so well in all metals. An electrode is a component of an electric circuit that connects the wiring of the circuit to a gas or electrolyte. A compound that conducts in a solution is called an electrolyte. The electrically positive electrode is called the anode and the negative electrode the cathode.
These reasons are why Lithium-Ion Batteries are some of the most viable options when designing new gadgets. But, the structure of these batteries are why these batteries are being used for new gadgets. A Lithium-Ion Batt...
It acts as an electric pump. Different cells provide electrons with different amounts of energy, or have greater 'voltage.' When a cell is connected to lamps, the voltage pushes the electrons around the circuit. The energy to do this comes from the chemical energy stored inside the cell. Batteries are a store of chemical energy and the wires are able convert this into electrical energy to be carried around the circuit.
A battery is a device which converts chemical energy into electrical energy. A battery usually consists of two or more cells connected in series or parallel, you can also have a single cell battery. All cells consist of a positive electrode, and a negative electrode. An electrolyte is a liquid substance capable of conducting electricity. In this substance one of the electrodes will react producing electrons, while the other will except electrons. When the electrodes are connected to a device to be powered, called a load, an electrical current flows.
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The electrolyte (solution) contains negative and positive ions. For electrolysis to work there must be the same amount of positive ions to negative ions so that the solution is electrically balanced. A solution of metal compounds can only conduct electricity if it is balanced. The negative ions are attracted to the anode (+ve electrode) and the positive ions (protons) are attracted to the cathode (-ve electrode). The electrolyte effect the amount of atoms attracted.
Battery- The battery stores electrical energy for starting the engine and the operating electrical units when the output produced by the generator is not sufficient. It principle is to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Batteries are built in a series of cells, each producing approximately 2 volts. A 6 volt battery will then have 3 cells and a 12 volt battery will have 6 cells. The cells are all connected in series.
The energy that it provides is voltage. Battery voltage is sometime called electro-motive-force because it is used to "pump" around the electrons in the wire. The force can be generates by the moving of magnetic field as in the left-hand rules (field, current and force). It is the force that pushes the electrons around the circuit from the positive pole to the negative pole. That is why current directions in circuits are always marked from positive to negative.
Roman slaves extracted and prepared the lead, describes a disease among the slaves that was clearly lead poisoning. Because of their potential toxicity, lead water pipes are no longer being installed. The greatest single use of lead metal today is in the plates of storage batteries for automobiles. The protective oxidation layer formed by lead in contact with such substances as air, sulfuric acid, and fluorine makes it highly resistant to corrosion. For this reason, lead has been used to make drainage pipes and lead chambers in sulfuric acid factories.
1. Electrons flow from the anode, the metal that is more chemically active (Steel screws), to the cathode, the metal that is less chemically active (Brass hardware).
Direct current only flows in one direction in a circuit. Because the polarity of a direct current voltage source is always the same the flow of current never changes direction. Batteries are one of the more common direct current voltage sources. Batteries are good because their voltage is fixed as well as their polarity. Direct current dose not always need to a constant voltage but it must always stay traveling in the same direction. There are such direct currents called varying and pulsating that change value but not direction.
Figure 1 illustrates the design of the batteries discovered in ancient Persia. Fast forwarding to the 17th century, it was “in the year 1600, English Physician William Gilbert used the Latin word “electricus” to describe the force that certain substances exert when rubbed against each other” (Atkinson, 2014). Though Benjamin Franklin is largely accredited with the discovery of electricity, it was “Italian physicist Alessandro Volta [whom] discovered that particular chemical reactions could produce electricity” (Atkinson, 2014). In “1800, he constructed an early electric battery that produced a steady current” (Atinkson, 2014). To clarify, current is defined as the “rate at which charge flows through its surface” (Serway and Vuille, 2011). Volta ‘s battery was only the beginning. Michael Faraday made electricity more accessible when he “created the electric dynamo (a crude power generator)” (Atinkson, 2014). This invention “solved the problem of generating electric current in an ongoing and practical way” (Atinkson, 2014). Faraday’s solution helped Thomas Edison invent his famous light bulb because it was the “first practical bulb that would light for hours on end” (Atinkson, 2014). Edison is
Finding use in “spacecrafts, pacemakers, underwater systems, electric automobiles, and remote monitoring systems” (source 6), the atomic battery has existed for over a century and is growing to benefit our world. The atomic battery generates electricity from a nuclear reaction, utilizing the radioactive decay of specific elements. The atomic battery is certainly not meant for households or as a source of common battery use, but rather powerful equipment needing to run for long, extended periods. Atomic batteries are quite expensive, but can provide an immense amount of energy that will conduct over an extremely long life period. This paper will explain the basic functioning of an atomic battery, investigate a brief history of the atomic battery, and also examine one aspect of energy conversion within atomic batteries, thermal converters.