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Synthesis of aspirin
Synthesis aspirin conclusion
Synthesis aspirin
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Introduction Aspirin is an over-the-counter drug that is most often used to suppress fever, pain, and other soreness or ailments. It is synthesized from a variety of different acids and buffers that work in unison to make the user healthier. Some components of the drug, such as salicylic acid, are highly irritating when ingested and sometimes cause fatal side effects. In order to prevent this from occurring, an acetyl group is added in place of a hydrogen, thereby forming acetylsalicylic acid. This is also known as synthesized aspirin. Another means of creating aspirin is adding acetic anhydride rather than acetic acid and using an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, to speed up the reaction. Both of these reactions yield the same products, acetyl salicylic acid. …show more content…
After creating the compound acetyl salicylic acid, it will be thoroughly analyzed through a series of steps that test its melting point, purity, and solubility as compared to commercial aspirin. By solving for the melting point range of the synthesized aspirin, one can determine its purity. Then by adding 1% ferric chloride, the color of both the synthesized and commercial aspirin represents its purity. In theory, the synthesized aspirin should be relatively the same color as the commercial drug. Finally, both types of aspirin are placed into different solutions to determine their solubility properties. For all three of these analyses, the synthesized aspirin should test similar to the commercial aspirin in hopes it was created
acid*1 mol s. Acid/ 138.1g s acid*1 mol aspirin/1 mol s. acid * 180.2 g aspirin/1 mol aspirin = 3.9145 aspirin
Aspirin contains the substance acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), which can relieve inflammation, fever, pain, and known as a “blood thinner”. Aspirin was not officially trademarked until March 6, 1899 when the Imperial Office of Berlin made it official. It has been used for the last 110 years, but its natural form, salicylic acid has been around for thousands by Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. Aspirin is available in over 80 countries and known as the best non-prescription drug. The most common use of aspirin is to cure headaches and use it as a pain reliever, but aspirin is known to prevent heart attack and strokes. It was first proposed in 1940, but wasn’t confirmed until 1970 when doctors would recommend taking aspirin daily [1].
In the ancient and medieval time, antipyretic agents were only found in willow bark and in cinchona bark [2]. Willow bark was used as a pain reliever [3]. People were advised to chew on the bark in order to relieve pain and fever [3]. Cinchona bark was used for increasing appetite, however people also used it for common cold and fever [4]. When the cinchona tree started to decrease in the 1880s, people started to look for other alternatives [2]. During the 1880s, antipyretics agents were developed, which were acetanilide and phenacetin [2]. These properties of acetaminophen were discovered by accident [2]. It occurred when the molecule acetanilide was added to a patient’s prescription [2]. By this time, this drug had been synthesized via the reduction of p-nitorphenol [2]. However the drug acetaminophen was still not used medically for another 20 years [2]. In 1893, acetaminophen was found in the urine sample of an individual who had taken phenacetin [2]. This drug was concentrated into an odorless, white, crystalline compound that was found to have a bitter taste [2]. Acetaminophen was discovered to be a metabolite of acetanilide, however the discovery was ignored at that time [2]. It was later on that acetaminophen was found to have pain and fever relieving properties
In the late 1800’s it was discovered that papa-amino-phenol, could reduce fever, but the drug was too toxic to use. A less toxic extract called phenacetin was later found to be just as effective but also had pain-relieving properties. In 1949, it was learned that phenacetin was metabolized into an active but also less toxic drug, acetaminophen. Since then, acetaminophen has been sold under many over the counter brand names, most popular being Tylenol.
The discovery of captopril as a potent inhibitor of ACE led to the recent development of many series of novel structures with similar biological activity [9]. To date a wide variety of ACE inhibitors from various land and marine food sources have been reported such as milk [10], cheese [11], egg white [12], canola [13], peanut [14], rapeseed [15], antler [16], fish muscle [17], seaweeds [18] and tuna [2].
The purpose of this experiment was to learn and preform an acid-base extraction technique to separate organic compounds successfully and obtaining amounts of each component in the mixture. In this experiment, the separation will be done by separatory funnel preforming on two liquids that are immiscible from two layers when added together. The individual components of Phensuprin (Acetylsalicylic acid, Acetanilide, and Sucrose as a filler) was separated based upon their solubility and reactivity, and the amount of each component in the mixture was obtained. Also, the purity of each component will be determined by the melting point of the component.
This experiment synthesized luminol (5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione) and used the product to observe how chemiluminescence would work. The starting material was 5-nitro-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione, which was, after addition of reaction agents, refluxed and vacuum filtered to retrieve luminol. Using two stock solutions, we missed our precipitated luminol with sodium hydroxide, potassium ferricyanide, and hydrogen peroxide, in their respective solutions, in a dark room, to observe the blue light
Both of them researched the drug while working for Bayer and they are credited with actually naming it "aspirin".
The conical vial was placed in a small beaker and allowed to cool to room temperature. The mixture was Cooled thoroughly in an ice bath for 15-20 minutes and crystals collected by vacuum filtration on a Hirsch funnel. The vial was rinsed with about 5 mL of ice water and transferred into to the Hirsch funnel and again washed with two additional 5mL portions of ice water. Crystals were dried for 5-10 minutes by allowing air to be drawn through them while they remained on the Hirsch funnel. The product was transferred to a watch glass plate and allow the crystals to dry in air. Crude acetaminophen product was weighed and set aside a small sample for a melting point determination and a color comparison after the next step. Calculation of the percentage yield of crude acetaminophen (MW = 151.2). was done and recorded in the lab notebook.
These ingredients are mixed and compressed into tablet by machine. ASSUMING, one day a contingent of aspirin consumer became ill with E.coli poisoning. This was because contamination was traced back to the aspirin manufacturing plant where the tablet machinery was not being sterilized prior to use. Also, pre-market assessment is necessary because products are made using highly toxic materials, high dose of chemical but use of this toxic material is necessary too so as to save lives, or grow the crop, like in cancer patient, the drugs/medication used in chemotherapy are highly toxic, but these drugs can save life.
o Antithrombotic derives from reduction in thromboxane A2. o Aspirin also has analgesic, anti inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Some of the beneficial actions of aspirin in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be related to these as well as its antithrombotic effect. However, some of these effects are only apparent at much higher doses. CLOPIDOGREL
This has been used for quite a long time to help treat asthma and lung ailment and to treat individuals with life-threatening liver failure from Tylenol overdose. Actually, I initially looked into it in medical school while working in the emergency room. It is even given to avoid kidney damage from dyes used during x-ray studies. 5. Alpha lipoic acid.
Background Information Aspirin is an analgesic (pain relieving) and an antipyretic drug (a drug that lowers body temperature). The main constituent of aspirin is 2 - ethanoythydroxybenzoic acid, also known as acetylsalicyclic acid (shown below right). It was originally made from just salicylic acid (which is found in the bark of a willow tree) when used by the Ancient Greeks to counter fever and pain, but its bitterness and tendency to irritate the stomach caused problems. These were resolved by the German chemist Felix Hoffman, who made the acetyl derivative of salicylic acid in the
Things like that could cause a plant severe stress and just like humans, plants don't function well under stress.
A mixture of 2 mL aniline, 15 mL deionized water and 3 mL acetic anhydride were stirred. After thirty minutes the reaction was complete and the product was completely precipitated out of the solution. Vacuum filtration was used to isolate the crude acetanilide using a 125 mL filter flask and porcelain Büchner funnel. The product was then washed with 2 mL of ice water and left to dry for about twenty minutes. The observed melting point for the crude acetanilide was 114.3 °C - 115.7 °C. The second procedure dealt with finding a suitable solvent to recrystallize the crude acetanilide. A sand bath was set up and 0.5 mL of each solvent was added to 50 mg of acetanilide in four different test tubes. The four solvents used to test the solubility of the acetanilide were water, ethanol, dichloromethane and hexanes. If the solid dissolved in the solvent at room temperature then it was too soluble and that solvent could be eliminated. The acetanilide completely dissolved in ethanol and dichloromethane, therefore eliminating them from being the suitable solvent. If the solid did not dissolve in room temperature then it was placed in the sand bath and left to boil. If the solid dissolved, it was placed in the ice bath and if crystals were observed coming out of the solution then the suitable solvent was found. The suitable solvent was water as the crystals came out once placed in the ice bath. The