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Effects of mental health stigma on treatment
Effect of stigma on mental health patients
How stigma interferes with mental health care
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On Being Sane in Insane Places: Indefinite Stigmatization
"Mental illness is nothing to be ashamed of, but stigma and bias shame us all" (Bill Clinton). This quote can be attributed to David Rosenhan 's controversial experiment "On Being Sane in Insane Places." The purpose of his experiment was to expose the stigmas that are frequently associated with mental illness. If people were more accepting, afflicted individuals would seek professional help without fearing stigmatization in contemporary society. As Rosenhan suggested, people respond negatively to individuals suffering from mental illness, which manifests itself into hostility and avoidance towards afflicted individuals. He later recruited eight "sane" individuals who gained entry different
Insanity is a state of functioning that negatively impacts a person 's social, behavioural and mental wellbeing. Had they not been labelled, their behaviour would not have been misinterpreted. Although these pseudopatients fabricated their names and occupations to avoid special treatment, their family records were presented to hospital staff without additional revisions. Unsurprisingly, the pseudopatient 's track record was misconstrued when his diagnosis was put into
Hospital staff paid little attention to patients beyond drug administration, which most patients were able to successfully dispose of in their presence. When pseudopatients initiated conversations with doctors, they were regarded with quick nods but their questions remained unanswered. When one pseudopatient politely asked about his potential discharge, the doctor merely greeted him by name, not even bother with eye contact. Likewise, when patients would display angry outbursts, hospital staff arriving on the scene would immediately misinterpret the situation as purely the patient 's fault. Oftentimes the patient loses credibility because of his or her title of
If we asked most people about insanity the image of a person in a straight jacket, bouncing off padded walls would jump to mind. They might not admit it for fear of being politically incorrect, but the image is a general association with insanity. Yet, most people who suffer from insanity live every day to the fullest—in society. We lock away only those who we “believe” are clinically insane, and we lock sentence most of them without a chance at trial.
Case introduction: A 19 year-old gentlemen, SS, presented to station 20N through the emergency department, following what was described by friends and family as “bizarre behavior.” SS had recently begun college at a local liberal arts school. He had done well during the first semester, but began to struggle academically during the second semester. Family attributed the decline in academic success to an increase in class size, which made SS uncomfortable. Several weeks prior to hospital admission, SS became increasingly isolated, spending the majority of his time in the dorm room and less time in class. Friends and roommates reported that SS was exhibiting bizarre behavior, often confiding in friends that he was being “spied on” by others and that people around him could “read his thoughts.” SS also endorsed a strange delusion in which those around him would blink simultaneously as a form of communication. All of the aforementioned events became overly distressing to SS and his family, so they sought medical help. SS had a limited psychiatric history for which he had seen a psychiatrist. The psychiatrist had put him on an anti-psychotic medication some months prior, but SS self-discontinued the medication after just a several week trial. As a result of the above, and a lack of explanation regarding the past psychiatric referral, the events were described as “first-episode psychosis.” Discussion regarding the diagnostic work-up followed.
Mental illness has been around as long as people have been. However, the movement really started in the 19th century during industrialization. The Western countries saw an immense increase in the number and size of insane asylums, during what was known as “the great confinement” or the “asylum era” (Torrey, Stieber, Ezekiel, Wolfe, Sharfstein, Noble, Flynn Criminalizing the Seriously Mentally Ill). Laws were starting to be made to pressure authorities to face the people who were deemed insane by family members and hospital administrators. Because of the overpopulation in the institutions, treatment became more impersonal and had a complex mix of mental and social-economic problems. During this time the term “psychiatry” was identified as the medical specialty for the people who had the job as asylum superintendents. These superintendents assumed managerial roles in asylums for people who were considered “alienated” from society; people with less serious conditions wer...
This stereotype contributes to the stigma individuals’ face and encourages social exclusion and intolerance, especially in schizophrenia (Ray & Brooks Dollar, 2014). Ken sought out help and went to the emergency room because he recognized he was severely depressed. There, the doctor promised he would not be put in restraints, yet when he was taken to the hospital, he was placed in restraints because it was company policy (Steele & Berman, 2001). Due the stigma that individuals with mental illness are violent, Ken was not treated fairly (Stuart & Arboleda-Florez, 2012). Stuart and Arboleda-Florez (2012) are very credible authors to be writing on the effects of stigma in mental health. Both authors have experience in psychiatry, combatting stigma and mental health issues.
In the psychological community, "insanity" is a legal term and is in no way psychological (Strickland 330). The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology defines "insanity" as "A legal and social term for a mental disorder that causes people to be judged incapable of managing their own affairs and not responsible for their actions." (Pettijohn 144). He continues to say that ".. the term is no longer a correct synonym for a psychotic disorder or any other form of abnormal behavior [in psychology]" (Pettijohn 144). In the time period of "The Yellow Wallpaper", insanity was a valid term for what the women of the time were sometimes said to be. In "The Yellow Wallpaper", the narrator's misunderstood illness and treatment cause her descent into madness.
For those that don’t know, the insanity plea, as defined by Cornell Law, is based on the fact that a person accused of a crime can acknowledge that he/she committed the crime, but argue that he/she is not responsible for it because of his or her mental illness, by pleading “not guilty by reason of insanity”. This first became a problem in 1843. Daniel M’Naughten was trialed for shooting the secretary of the Prime Minister in attempt to assassinate the Prime Minister himself. It was said that M’Naughten thought the Prime Minister was the person behind all his personal and financial problems. The jury ruled him “not guilty by reason of insanity”. The reason for the verdict was M’Naughten...
We all have our own perception of psychiatric hospitals. Some people may see them as a terrifying experience, and others may see them as a way to help people who cannot keep their disorders under control. David Rosenhan's perception led him to a variety of questions. How could psychiatric hospitals know if a patient was insane or not? What is like to be a patient there? According to Rosenhans study, psychiatric hospitals have no way of truly knowing what patients are insane or not; they quickly jump to labeling and depersonalizing their patients instead of spending time with them to observe their personality.
Throughout her presentation, she explains how public stigmas, once again, cause label avoidance pushing many who need help away from treatment. She then goes on to explain how these stereotyped behaviors cause discrimination towards people with a mental illness from employment to housing which only leads to the creation of more stigmas. Finally, she states how the impact of stigmas is associated with the reduction of self-esteem, overall poor health, and problems with interpersonal relationships (Willits). By using this presentation I am able to connect what we have learned about mental health stigmas to my article. First off, for example, Morris explains how psychiatric units invoke people to imagine a frightening place where insane patients are strapped down and poked and prodded for care (Morris). This stereotypical idea relates to how Willits described general stereotypes associated with mental illness such as crazy and dangerous (Willits). On top of that, Willits explained how these stigmas have negative consequences for patients (Willits). This relates to Morris’s explanation on how the stigma around institutions has caused these units to shut down forcing many people to be homeless or live in jail
What comes to mind when you hear the words “insane asylum”? Do such terms as lunatic, crazy, scary, or even haunted come to mind? More than likely these are the terminology that most of us would use to describe our perception of insane asylums. However, those in history that had a heart’s desire to treat the mentally ill compassionately and humanely had a different viewpoint. Insane asylums were known for their horrendous treatment of the mentally ill, but the ultimate purpose in the reformation of insane asylums in the nineteenth century was to improve the treatment for the mentally ill by providing a humane and caring environment for them to reside.
Insanity, by its dictionary definition, is the derangement of the mind. (Dictionary.com) It is used in everyday context, when people say “You are insane for not doing your homework” or “ That traffic getting out of the game was insane last night!”. However the real definition, written by Columbia University Press states that “The term insanity is used chiefly in criminal law, to denote mental aberrations of defects that may relieve a person from the legal consequences of his or her acts” (Columbia University, Press). This issue is very important because many people try to get out of their true consequences of their actions, and by using this plea, sometimes they get away with it. The Insanity Plea has been used again and again in the US courts, but it should be disproved because of the true legal definition, because many people try to fake insanity, and because of how the social concept of insanity is different than the actual mental illness.
Torry, Zachary D., and Stephen B. Billick. "Overlapping Universe: Understanding Legal Insanity and Psychosis." Psychiatric Quarterly 81.3 (2010): 253-62. Web.
The Center Cannot Hold: My Journey Through Madness by Elyn R. Saks is an eye opening personal record of a woman’s journey through her mental illness of schizophrenia. This memoir takes readers through what it is like being a woman and a scholar with schizophrenia, how one can live a fulfilling life despite the excruciating odds of the disease. Saks brings us through her life from the development of her life mantra to what it takes to have a meaningful life with schizophrenia. This is not only a story of hope and perseverance through the loss of personal identity, security, safety, and friends but an educational opportunity for people to learn what it may be like to have a mental illness from a personal and educational perspective. This review will demonstrate present key elements, basic concepts, a personal reaction, and to whom this book may be useful.
... of these wards that the term “insane asylum” has negative connotations. Mentally ill people did not get the proper treatment and care they needed, and to this day have not received the proper justice that they deserve.
In accordance to the recent murder of an elderly man, the question has been brought up on whether or not the killer was suffering from legal insanity at the time of the murder. However, there is clear evidence and reasoning that denies any doubt about the defendant’s mental state when he committed his crime. John Doe should be found guilty for first-degree murder under the proof that he never showed any signs of being unable to distinguish fantasy from reality, the fact that he willingly confessed his crime to the police, and the notion that the killing was premeditated and intentional.
History shows that signs of mental illness and abnormal behavior have been documented as far back as the early Greeks however, it was not viewed the same as it is today. The mentally ill were previously referred to as mad, insane, lunatics, or maniacs. W.B. Maher and B.A. Maher (1985) note how many of the terms use had roots in old English words that meant emotionally deranged, hurt, unhealthy, or diseased. Although early explanations were not accurate, the characteristics of the mentally ill have remained the same and these characteristics are used to diagnose disorders to date. Cultural norms have always been used to assess and define abnormal behavior. Currently, we have a decent understanding of the correlates and influences of mental illness. Although we do not have complete knowledge, psychopathologists have better resources, technology, and overall research skills than those in ancient times.