1.1.7. Morphology
Chickpea is an herbaceous annual plant which branches from the base. It is almost a small bush profusely branched, erect or spreading, reaching a height of 0.2-1 m, appearing glandular pubescent, olive, dark green or bluish green in color. Leaves are imparipinnate, glandular-pubescent with 3-8 pairs of leaflets with rachis ending in a terminal leaflet. Leaflets are ovate to elliptic, 0.6-2.0 cm long, 0.3-1.4 cm wide; margin serrate, apex acuminate to aristate, base cuneate; stipules 2-5 toothed or absent. The inflorescence consists of solitary flowers, sometimes 2 per inflorescence and borne on 0.6-3 cm long peduncles, 7-10 mm long calyx; while the bracts are triangular or tripartite; the corolla is 0.8-1.2 cm long and varies
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Pod size ranges from 15-30 mm in length, 7-14 mm in thickness, and 2-15 mm in width. Depending on the basal and apical zones as well as the dorsal and ventral regions, pod shape varies from rhomboid, oblong to ovate. The number of seeds per pod ranges from 1-2, with the maximum being three. The seeds are ramhead or owl's-head shaped, and the surface may be smooth or wrinkled. The length of the seed ranges from 4-12 mm and its width from 4-8 mm. The seed mass varies from 0.10 to 0.75 g per seed. The seeds of kabuli type are large (100 seed mass >25 g), round or ram head, and cream colored. The plant is medium to tall in height, with large leaflets and white flowers, and contains no anthocyanin, whereas the seeds of the desi type are small and angular in shape. The seed color varies from cream, black, brown, yellow to green. There are 2-3 ovules per pod but on an average 1-2 seeds per pod are produced. Chickpea seeds germinate at an optimum temperature (28-33°C) and moisture level in about 5-6 days. Germination begins with absorption of moisture and swelling of the seed. The radicle emerges first followed by the plumule. …show more content…
The production of chickpea or ‘chana’ is also affected in excessive cold conditions. Chickpea is sown in the months of September to November in India and is considered as a rabi crop (Figure 1.3). The desi type chickpea reaches physiological maturity by 95-105 days and Kabuli type by 100-110 days. The plant is harvested when its leaves start drying and shedding and can be done manually or with the help of a harvester. In India, it is harvested in between March to April. This crop is often cultivated as a sole crop but sometimes it is also grown rotationally with other crops such as sorghum, pearl millet, wheat and coriander. Pale yellow, dark brown or reddish chickpea are some of the varieties that are grown
I will get 5 test tubes and place them into the test tube rack. I will
The purpose of our experiment was to test whether or not the Wisconsin Fast Plants, or Brassica rapa, followed the Mendelian genetics and its law of inheritance. First, after we crossed the heterozygous F1 generation, we created an F2 generation which we used to analyze. After analyzing our results, we conducted a chi-square test for for both the F1 and F2 generations to test their “goodness of fit”. For the F1 generation we calculated an x2 value of 6.97, which was greater than the value on the chi-square table at a p-value of 0.05 and 1 degree of freedom (6.97 > 3.84). This meant that we had to reject our hypothesis that stated there would be no difference between the observed and expected values. This showed us that the F1
Figure 4 reflects a decreasing mean weight per plant as density of planted seeds increases-- from a high of 11.73 grams (2 seeds) decreasing gradually from between 3 to .
The leaves of the paper plant are long and sharp-keeled and have parallel veination (7). The leaves also have an epidermis with no 'long' and 'short' cell differentiation. The leaves usually have silica bodies and stomata are present (6.) The leaves are arranged in umbels, or tufts, on the end of tall, leafless stems (1).
Brassica rapa is a mustard plant that can be found throughout North America, and is common in areas undergoing extreme change, such as changes in climate. There is an important relationship between the ecological and genetic factors that influence the growth of Brassica rapa (Mitchell-Olds 1996). So, the environmental elements, as well as the genetic information, are essential to the growth rate and survival of Brassica rapa. This plant is capable of reproducing quickly, and the root systems are usually quite small, although some Brassica rapa have developed larger root systems (Mitchell-Olds 1996). This plant is commonly used in experiments because of its ability to germinate rapidly. Brassica rapa is capable of sprouting within a stage of about two weeks, and this trait allows scientists to perform experiments in a short period of time.
Old World crops such as wheat, barley, rice, and turnips had not traveled west across the Atlantic. Some of the New World crops that hav...
14. Gradually add beads so that the final volume equals the final volumes of the germinating peas and the dormant peas plus beads. All three groups should have equivalent volumes at the start of the experiment.
Chickamauga Analysis The Civil War forced citizens across the United States to face the realities and understand the consequences of war forcefully, due to the presence of the highest American casualties in any war, happening to be fought on the homefront. Ambrose Bierce showcases his personal experience in battle through the events of “Chickamauga”, including gore, personal loss, and shock. This story tells of a young child that ends up in the aftermath of the second most costly battle of the Civil War, and the magnitude of the losses each person must bear due to violent conflict. Ambrose Bierce’s use of: Tone, Imagery, and Point of View prove that experience and understanding must be applied to the evaluation of topics, and is illustrated
Plant Experimental Design i) PURPOSE: To determine whether added nutrients speed up seed germination. HYPOTHESES: "The plants with the nutrients will grow better. " ii) EQUIPMENT: 1. 10 pinto beans 2.
Six weeks previous to the conductance of this lab, Biology 108 section,planted wheat and mustard plants according to table#1 on page 3 of the Principles of Biology 108 Lab Manual . This table depicts all of the total pots and number and type of seeds planted in the pots. It accounts for the experiments of the intraspecific competition and interspecific competition. Replicates of each pot were planted to add precision and more acceptable statistics. Therefore, there were 40 pots, that is, 20 treatments conducted twice(Ciara, 1993).
The plants of the genus Brassica include species very important for research and agricultural purposes including vital vegetable and oilseed crops (Augustine 2013). Research for these plants typically aim to increase their nutritional value and develop traits such as herbicide tolerance, sterility, and disease and pest resistance (Gupta 2012). One plant that can be used for research is Brassica rapa, in the form of Wisconsin Fast Plants, which are a rapid cycling variety that can be used for genetics investigations (Kinds Plants 2014).
With the rapid growth of our global population pouring into the next millennium, we will witness an ever-growing hunger rate around the world. That is unless we call for a revolution on the global scale. The Green Revolution which already sprouted in the early part of the century only need to add a bit more momentum and we will see a bright future for the human race, a future without hunger and starvation ¡V hopefully.It is becoming increasingly difficult for the planet to support its overwhelming population. And since the amount of arable land available is becoming scarce, we must seek ways to dramatically improve crop yields of existing cropland.
Kole, Chittaranjan., Joshi, Chandrashekhar., Shonnard, David R. (2011). Handbook of Bioenergy Crop Plants. Global Food Security, 345(1-847). doi: 246.EJ.4568Eg.46.
...icot stem. Label and sketch its parts. Take note of the position of the vascular bundle.
Cotton is an annual, biennial or perennial plant, but in cultivation it is generally treated as an annual; herbaceous to short shrub or small tree - two to six feet tall. It consist of a primary axis, erect and branched with a vegetative lower zone having monopodial branches, and a fruiting upper zone with sympodial branches. The leaves of the cotton plant alternate, cordate petiolate, three to nine lobed and palmately veined, with varying size, texture, shape and hairiness. The large, showy, cream yellow, red or purple flowers are extra axillary, terminal, solitary, and borne on sympodial branches. The calyx (= collectively the sepals) consists of a very short cup-shaped structure at the base of the corolla. The five petals of the corolla are either free or slightly united at the base of the convoluted bud (Sundararaj, 1974).