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women representation in magazines essay
women representation in magazines essay
women representation in magazines essay
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Representation is the way people or events are portrayed in the various media outlets through the use of linguistic devices, the choice of vocabulary, often with the accompanying images. Frequently, the representation relies on the use of stereotypes and cultural bias. The language used in news stories can be used to represent particular groups or cultures which conform to the existing stereotypes – it is a powerful tool by which the attitudes can be constructed, promoted or challenged. People in the news are defined by their gender, race, age, sexuality or religion and therefore can be exposed to discrimination on these grounds. Mostly, the representation of certain groups in the newspapers is implicit – the ideology is concealed and as a result, the audience will find it more difficult to resist the particular point of view, especially when their knowledge about the subject or social group is not sufficient to form their own opinion (Reah, 1998). Media provides the audience with a representation of reality which in many cases can be biased and unjust in terms of using generalisations, sensationalising or exaggerating the news. These techniques transmit certain ideological values to the readers which can often have a negative impact on the way that a particular social group is regarded by the society. This essay will explore representation of women in the newspapers, focusing on the linguistic devices and the encoded values and messages portrayed as well as looking into the implications on the grounds of ethical issues in journalistic practices.
Newspapers, in particular tabloids, are characterised by their sexualisation of popular culture and exploiting the entertainment values, especially in terms of soft news featuring women (...
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Instead, women are being discriminated and treated as inferior due to the stereotypes that are portrayed in the media. The media creates and reproduces ways of seeing that at a minimum reflect and shape our culture. We can look at the media to understand more about a culture’s values and norms, if we realize the limitations of looking at the media. For example, one may ask, does the news based in the United Sates represent what the American culture is like, or only what stands out from everyday American culture? The answer to that is no. Instead, the media represents what it thinks it will be able to sell and is supported by advertisements. This includes violent acts, the sensationally and inappropriate. Jhally reminds us that “it is this male, heterosexual, pornographic imagination based on the degradation and control of women that has colonized commercial culture in general, although it is more clearly articulated in music videos” (Jhally 2007). Therefore, “media content is a symbolic rather than a literal representation of society and that to be represented in the media is in itself a form of power—social groups that are powerless can be relatively easily ignored, allowing the media to focus on the social groups that ‘really matter’” (Gerbner,
Actually, the media have shown so much negativity toward women. In television, advertisements, and video games, women are hyper sexualized and degraded. For instance, the highly offensive content gathered by Newsom – a Hollywood actress turned activist – is assembled in depressingly cohesive montages: Jessica Simpson is writhing on a soapy car in a crimson string bikini; rapper Nelly is showering a faceless woman’s pulsating crotch with dollar bills, and a young girl featured on Toddlers and Tiaras, no older than six, adjusting the enhanced bust of her glitzy pink pageant costume while her mother glues on fake eyelashes and touches up her bubblegum lipstick. Indeed, media is shaping our society. People read and see what the media exposes to them day by day. Moreover, today, the young generation are very familiar with face-book and cell phone, and they learn it quickly. Therefore, the bad results will affect the young generation behavior. That is not only the author concern but also the concern of
There is a common misconception that “media companies” (Popner) give the public “what it wants” (Popner) with sexually suggestiv...
The author provides a rough timeline of the objective norm emerging in American journalism, and explains the inner origin of these co...
I will organise my investigation into 2 separate ideas of how tabloid culture affects the lives of ordinary people. The first part will investigate the idea that we establish societal bonds over injurious information of enemies and high-status people. The second part will investigate the idea that we look at the actions of high-status people in order to clarify the norm.
There is little dispute that media outlets are thriving in America. Magazine sales net over $4.5 billion every year. Magazines are widely available to the general public. The Magazine Publishers of America found that 93% of American adults read magazines. The growth trend over the last five years shows that next to the internet, magazines show the most growth in media usage (Magazine Publishers of America & International Periodical Distributors Association, 2010). Most of the public would agree that the American culture has become hypersexualized. Feona Attwood goes as far as calling the transformation a “‘pornographication’ of mainstream media… [with] women increasingly targeted” (Attwood, 2005). There have been some efforts to combat this by encouraging the empowerment of women but results are still forthcoming. A comparison between the Men’s Health and Women’s Health magazine, owned by the same company, shows how media portrays men and women and perpetuates a violent, sexual culture that cultivates v...
The sexualization of women in the American mass media has contributed to a relapse and neglection of women's independence and created corruption within our youth. Distorted media is creating classes of men and women, influencing concealing stereotypes enabling women to be individuals. The generations to come will be exposed to aspiring role models resembling as sex dolls, the youth and future absorb multiple forms of sexist media presenting the viewers with unattainable or objectified images of femininity. Modern media's current obsession with sex has resulted in an advancing society based off of profanity. The media’s and corporations greed for money is distorting one's morals while publicizing the degradation of women and influencing sex to make profit. Our youth will lose its innocence followed by a constricting society filled with social norms and distorted perceptions of modern women. This paper dissects two popular media artifacts uncovering its covert rhetoric.
One thousand years go by and an abundant amount of people still view women in a stereotypical type of way. On the opposing view, if women did not overstretch the slightest of things, this wouldn’t be such an enormous issue. Women may be overreacting to what the media has to say about them. It is not affecting everybody but a vast majority of successful women from continuing to moving forward said Marianne Schnall. Important to realize, women are capable of doing jobs men can do. Such jobs as being an engineer, physician, mechanic, lawyer and even top notch business women! Up to the present time there is an ongoing public debate on women suffering from double standards. If it makes a female feel threatened or belittled than it may be sexist. A very interesting article this came to be because the writer had numerous accountants to keep her argument steady. A worthy writer brings up present time activities, statistics, and people being affected by the scenario and provides the reader some closure. With a devastatingly crucial issue such as women being shunned by the media, it’s not okay to have the ideas of other people in your work. In the article, “Controversial Hillary Cover of Time Illuminates Sexism in the Media” by Marianne Schnall, implies that the media is negatively affecting the chances of women becoming successful with all the sexism it is portraying. Marianne Schnall is a published writer and professional interviewer with many influential credentials that she in not afraid to use.
Female journalists endure tough competition in the male dominated fields of media. Females are expected to be behind the scenes of a story or appear in front of a camera as a speaking mechanism, not as a serious reporter. In modern journalism, women are present in the three main platforms of the discipline—broadcast, print and online. Within these realms, females are represented differently. News stories are circulated and repeated throughout the main platforms constantly; therefore information and ideas are spread to people in different forms. When females are under reported and under represented, these notions of inequality are further spread throughout the news industry visually in the case of broadcast, words in the case of print and online in the case of social media. The tenets of journalism are objectivity and neutrality, which often contradict feminist tenets, “we face the dilemma of how to incorporate feminist sensibilities into teaching journalism—a profession that strives for detachment and, at times, seems oblivious to its own position of power” (Walker, Geertsema and Barnett 177). Female participation and inclusion in broadcast, online media and print news is present due to the male domination of the news industry. Lesley Lavery, Cindy Elmore and Dustin Harp and Mark Tremayne explore the world of journalism from feminist theory lenses. The theorists incorporate the media bias theory, standpoint theory and network feminist theory in analyzing journalism platforms of broadcast, print and online.
The media, through its many outlets, has a lasting effect on the values and social structure evident in modern day society. Television, in particular, has the ability to influence the social structure of society with its subjective content. As Dwight E. Brooks and Lisa P. Hébert write in their article, “GENDER, RACE, AND MEDIA REPRESENTATION”, the basis of our accepted social identities is heavily controlled by the media we consume. One of the social identities that is heavily influenced is gender: Brooks and Hébert conclude, “While sex differences are rooted in biology, how we come to understand and perform gender is based on culture” (Brooks, Hébert 297). With gender being shaped so profusely by our culture, it is important to be aware of how social identities, such as gender, are being constructed in the media.
Women – beautiful, strong matriarchal forces that drive and define a portion of the society in which we live – are poised and confident individuals who embody the essence of determination, ambition, beauty, and character. Incomprehensible and extraordinary, women are persons who possess an immense amount of depth, culture, and sophistication. Society’s incapability of understanding the frame of mind and diversity that exists within the female population has created a need to condemn the method in which women think and feel, therefore causing the rise of “male-over-female” domination – sexism. Sexism is society’s most common form of discrimination; the need to have gender based separation reveals our culture’s reluctance to embrace new ideas, people, and concepts. This is common in various aspects of human life – jobs, households, sports, and the most widespread – the media. In the media, sexism is revealed through the various submissive, sometimes foolish, and powerless roles played by female models; because of these roles women have become overlooked, ignored, disregarded – easy to look at, but so hard to see.
For example, In 2011, the Commission of the image of women in the media(Commission sur l’image des femmes dans les medias) in France, published an annual report. The commission was organized in 2009, in the social context that the women are not well represented in the media. The report tried to figure out the percentage of female ‘experts’ in the media including radio and TV. According to the report, 80% of the experts who appeared in the media were male. Considering the fact that the casting process is totally dependent on the decision of the production and their idea of ‘who is more likely to appear as serious and trustful person’, the result is quite shocking. It shows that the image of female in the media is rather a testifier or a victim, than an expert. The social position of women has been significantly improved in last hundred years, but how media treat them has not been pulled out from the traditional-patriarchal view point. This could be very dangerous because mass-media is accessible for people of all social classes and age groups, and for the most of t...
Within a news article, the qualitative aspect is usually the images and the quantitative is the amount of text used. Quantitative data is usually seen as more favourable and it is common within broadsheets like ‘The Guardian,’ whereas tabloids such as ‘The Sun’ tend to use more qualitative data (Ericson et al, 1991). Tabloids usually target the working class who are stereotypically deemed to be less educated, therefore using numerous pictures almost makes it equivalent to a child’s story book, whereas ‘The Guardian’ is richer in text and aimed at the middle class thus has more of a debate (Schlesinger et all, 1991) . ‘The Sun’ uses 3 pages, has 8 images and uses about 20% of text. Whereas, ‘The Guardian’ uses 5 pages, 3 images and has about 65% as text. The journalist tend to be specific on what they believe make an article appealed to their readers.
"Journalism Ethics Online Journalism Ethics Gatekeeping." Journalism Ethics for the Global Citizen. Web. 05 Dec. 2010. .
Popular cultural theory argues that ideology is insignificant in comparison to the audience reception and interpretation of media content. Fiske (1986) believes that to preserve the minorities and serve the wider interest of the peoples whose differences will be a source of possible social change we must take the ideologies and power of the dominant groups, use them for different social purposes, and strip them of their hegemonic powers. Thwaites, Davis & Mules (1994) debates how media text can create an argument about social identity. The example given poses the question “are you are good wife?” which in itself brings into question female gender roles both in the family and in society and suggests that the woman in not fulfilling the expectations established by the dominant ideology enforced. The authors argue that “ideology limits and contain its polysemic structure by using such stereotypes and myths such as good, obedient wives and patriarchal authority. The possibility of a positive understanding of woman’s social identity has to be read through a male-defined position.” (p.161) Thus, it is argued that the connection between polysemy and social and political freedom does not place the audience in an equivalent position of power to authorities and mass media institutions portray the