In addition, these findings link with the notions of domination of women by men, in that there are establishments within a society that reproduce gender in a variety of ways (Kimmel & Holler, 2011, p. 15), such as the business relationship between a man and a prostitute.
Double Standard and Gender Inequality. According to Kimmel and Holler (2011, p. 291), gender inequality produces this double standard; the power in this society unevenly allocated corresponding to gender. This infers that men have more power in our male-dominant society (Kimmel & Holler, 2011, p. 291). Thus, men have more control than women do have and have authority over women (Kimmel & Holler, 2011, p. 116).
Attitudes and Reality Contradiction. However, there are increasingly
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Most sexual acts performed by prostitutes are fellatio (Leonard, 1990; Freund, Leonard, & Lee, 1989; Freund, Lee, & Leonard, 1991). Therefore, this may stem from men’s representation of sex through an orgasm and intercourse (Kimmel & Holler, 2011, p. 292). Consequently, this leads to the focus on the male genitalia as the major area for pleasure (Kimmel & Holler, 2011, p.292). This stems from the male socialization towards sex being an agent of hegemonic authentication, with proving how high their sexual prowess is (Kimmel & Holler, 2011, p. 9). Correspondingly, these notions are constructed in the mind of the man to produce the correct gender behaviours (Kimmel & Holler, 2011, p. …show more content…
Accordingly, this emphasis has impacts on the types of pleasure that men request and want to receive that primarily focuses on their pleasure and not that of the women (Kimmel & Holler, 2011, p. 292). Hence, this demonstrates the power of men that is demonstrated by the domination and the submission of women within the sexual interaction (Kimmel & Holler, 2011, p. 124). Thus, gender inequality is reproduced whereby the male is the recipient focus of power (Kimmel & Holler, 2011, p. 291). Additionally, this sex with a prostitute will assist the man in gaining hegemonic status due to his conforming behaviours to the masculinity type (Kimmel & Holler, 2011, p.
Every society forms different cultures and social norms how people behave and constructs stereotypes and expectations of people based on how they were seen throughout history and cultural backgrounds. Once set, norms are unlikely to be changed over time. This social construction decides which group will have benefits and privileges and which won’t. One example of these social constructed norms is gender. Gender, regardless of how different cultures define it, is generally and mostly made up of masculinity, femininity.
Each of the texts, although in different ways, suggest that inequality serves as a function of a male dominated social and cultural hier...
In Hugo Schwyzer’s article “Janae’s Legs” he discusses the concept of homosociality and reveals the male-centeredness of patriarchy. Although he does not make this exact claim, homosociality is one of the reasons behind the continuation of patriarchy. Schwyzer defines homosociality as “the idea that men are raised in our culture to be more eager to please other men tha...
In Sigmund Freud’s “Sexual Morality and Modern Nervousness”, contained in Sexuality and the Psychology of Love, the writer presents separate roles for men and women as it relates to sexuality, even referring to a “double code of morality” (22) for the genders. In his paper the former often takes the role of the subject while the former becomes the object. In fact, women are described as the “true sexual guardians of the race” glorified, it seems, instead of truly studied. However, in one particular section of the essay, Freud turns his focus onto the female sexuality. In specific he references the various factors that, in his eyes, can influence the female sexual formation. The primary influences being that of the society, primarily the institution of marriage, and that of the family, which would include both a woman’s parents and children. After discussing these elements, Freud then
As one looks through society, one starts to see many cracks and loopholes where one set of standards does not apply the same way for men as it does to women, and vice versa.
The issue of gender inequality will never truly be solved in the United States. This arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles as well as biologically through hormonal differences, chromosomes, and brain structures. Gender inequality is defined as unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on gender. One of the reasons for gender inequality is income disparities. Another reason is because of the positions in the workplace. Thirdly, the reason is because of beliefs that one another has. For these reasons is why these situations should be examined to get to the root of the problem.
Some ask why prostitution spreads like a wildfire through our cities and streets. This is an easy question for functionalists, prostitution flourishes because it satisfies sexual needs that are not able to be met elsewhere(Henslin 51). Prostitutes almost seem to serve as an outlet for sexually frustrated men. When a man is unable to find a partner he always holds the option of paying for sexual pleasure. A functionalist, Kingsley Davis, concluded that prostitutes provide a sexual outlet for men who: have difficulty in establishing sexual relationships, cannot find long-term partners, have a broken relationship, want sexual gratification that is defined as immoral, desire quick sexual gratification without attachment, are curious, and are sexually dissatisfied in marriage. From this it is shown that by meeting such needs prostitution functions as a form of social control over sexual behavior. This is beneficial because it brings men with sexual desires away from unwi...
Traditional sex scripts of men and women create for a rape-supportive culture (Check & Malamuth, 1983). Rape is a logical extension of our sex role socialization process that legitimized coercive sexuality. Through these scripts men are taught to take initiative and persist attempts of sexual intimacy. Traits of dominance, aggression and violence are idolized (Martin, Taft & Resick, 2007). Women, on the other hand, are taught to not indicate their sexual interest or engage freely in sexuality. They should possess qualities of being passive, submissive and sexual gatekeepers (Martin, Taft & Resick, 2007).
She elaborates on her study of American male adults’ immersion with prostitution and successfully quotes a significant number of males associated with paid sex services. Kelly begins her essay with a personal account of her experience during her fieldwork in a legal, state regulated brothel in Mexico. She discusses her close encounters with the women who sold sexual services, their respective clients and the government officials who ran the brothel. Kelly also reveals the major factors contributing to people indulgence in prostitution to include, economic crisis, divorce, etc. She further reiterates that, apart from prostitution providing means of livelihood, the women enjoy the flexibility of time and rate and can make decisions on the particular acts to perform. Kelly discusses the attitudes of the male customers as well which includes, preference for unprotected sex and violent approach to the acts. Finally, In the second half of her essay, Kelly elaborates on the laws of different lands. She upholds a realistic approach in providing legal right to sex trade workers. However, she faults most of the laws for their inability to protect the women while acknowledging the New Zealand’s 2003 Prostitution Reform Act. Kelly concludes her essay with an opinion of the clientele of prostitutes and a focus on considering prostitution as a legitimate business while disregarding societal moral
This endeavor is necessary to protect women’s rights in the labor force in matters such as sexual harassment, salary, work opportunities, etc. Currently, there are several trade unions in Malaysia namely Malaysian Trades Union Congress (MTUC) and Congress of Unions of Employees in the Public and Civil Services (CUEPACS). However, specific trade unions that fight for women and their equal rights does not exist. At the most, women are only a small part of the committee in general trade unions due to a low number of female workers in the labor force. Therefore, the formation of FTAs can reap benefits in terms of gender inequality and female labor participation which eventually leads to an increase in income per capita and economy
This is particularly palpable in the phenomenon of gender roles. “Oversimplified conceptions pertaining to our behavior as females or males,” gender roles boil down our gender and anatomical performance into categories of “boy” or “girl” (Basow 3). Patriarchy then builds systemic inequality off this simplistic binary foundation, attaching “male” to spheres of power and “female” to spheres of powerlessness. Gender roles are one of many patriarchal infrastructures that thrive off a concrete definition of gender and/or sex, and so modern feminism has found power in dismantling both constructions.
Prior to the 1970s when the theme of gender issues was still quite foreign, the societal norm forced female conformity to male determined standards because “this is a man’s world” (Kerr 406). The patriarchal society painted the image of both men and women accordingly to man’s approach of societal standards that include the defining features of manhood that consist of “gentil...
Gender Inequality at a Workplace Historically, males and females normally assume different kinds of jobs with varying wages in the workplace. These apparent disparities are widely recognized and experienced across the globe, and the most general justification for these differences is that they are the direct outcomes of discrimination or traditional gender beliefs—that women are the caregivers and men are the earners. However, at the turn of the new century, women have revolutionized their roles in the labor market. Specifically in industrialized societies, the social and economic position of women has shifted. Despite the improving participation of women in the labor force and their ameliorating proficiency and qualifications, the labor force is still not so favorable to women.
Society has set limits on gender roles with ideals such as male privilege and patriarchy. Patriarchy is the political structure to control womenbs thoughts on their sexuality, laboring, and place in society so...