WIRELESS SYSTEM GENETIC ALGORITHM
For successful communication, three conditions must be satisfied by the radio:
• The radio must be configured to operate in the correct channel condition
• The radio must support services like voice and data that have been specified by the user
• The radio must fulfil all regulatory requirements
To satisfy all three conditions successfully,the radio must be aware of its environment and stimuli.It needs a cognitive engine that can analyse the physical link (channel) ,the user requirements and the regulatory requirements.Thus,the cognitive engine must balance multiple objectives and constraints.
To develop such a cognitive engine,a multiple objective genetic algorithm is used.This is known as the Wireless System Genetic Algorithm (WGSA).
In this algorithm,the behavior of the radio is defined as a set of PHY and MAC layer parameters and modelled as genes of a chromosome.General parameters like payload size,voice coding,equalization,spreading technique etc. are also modelled as genes.This model is then optimized using evolutionary processes as defined in the previous section.
The WGSA defines the fitness of the chromosome with a series of weighted fitness functions.Each fitness function is weighted according to its relative importance to the user.Thus,the optimal solution is one which provides most effective QoS for the user’s requirement given the input constraints defined above.
The fitness evaluation functions represent the current link quality of PHY ad MAC layers which includes mean transmitting power, data rate, bandwidth, interference avoidance, packet latency, packet jitter,BER, packet error rate (PER) and spectral efficiency.
A powerful aspect of the WGSA is that each fitness function can eit...
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A cognitive network is a communication network augmented by a Knowledge plane.
This KP spans vertically over OSI layers as well as horizontally over technologies and nodes in the network. The KP contains these two main elements:
• The knowledge about the scope of the network i.e. devices, architecture, technology etc.
• A cognition loop as defined in the previous section.
Thus, we can define a cognitive network as a network with a cognitive process contained in its Knowledge Plane. This process allows the network to sense current network conditions, act based on those conditions, learn from the consequences of these actions all the while meeting user defined end-to-end high level goals.
The Knowledge Plane also build a global perspective of the network and shares this information as needed with the nodes in the network.
The networks are split into two groups. There is a Production network and a Development network. Each of these networks resides on their own separate sub network. The reason for splitting the networks into two is to prevent network overload and slowdowns that would otherwise affect other departments within MKS such as Customer Service or Accounting. The production network involves non-development tasks such as the customer service database, email, the order entry and accounting systems. The development network involves all areas relating to product development. This network covers the server that stores base code, the development system, development tools, software libraries and software builds.
To attempt to define a network in a few sentences would be a fool’s errand. A network could be seen as simply a grid of interconnecting connections between multiple bodies. However when this vision is applied to real-world systems, they all start to differ. There is not anything that exists in the universe that is not part of a network. A network is the result of different parts or members which have similarities in parts of their identity. This similarity that they have in common, they will also have with other bodies forming a network between them. Most of these factors of identity are different from those of most others. As a result, each factor will be in common with different other members of different networks. Each factor includes this body in a multitude of networks. This means that no one thing is in one and only one network, but is included in many.
The OSI model is a model of how a network actually works. The OSI model has seven different layers and is of course, theoretical. Meaning, this model may not be true in every instance, perhaps it can work without a counter part or perhaps not. The layers of the OSI are comprised of these layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application (InetDaemon, 2015).
Cognitive processes are the unseen systems used by our minds to complete tasks such as solving problems, recognising an object, or learning a language. These unseen mental processes take place in the brain, which is a complex piece of equipment often compared to a computer. When the internal workings of a computer are exposed, all that we see are microchips, circuit boards, hard drives and other assorted pieces, which, all work and ...
Genetic Algorithms provide a holistic search process based on principles of natural genetics and survivals of the fittest……
Since their conception there have been many internet and blog discussions over who is the best digital radio station and many comparisons have been made. Both companies provide both goods (radio receiver) and service (the music and entertainment stations provided). Both of these products have to be able to satisfy the customers’ needs, bearing in mind that all customers have different needs (Pride & Ferrell, 2008).
The innovation of Radio is one of the great innovations of human kind. After the first broadcasting station of KDKA in Pittsburgh, the Radio has come across different improvement in its coverage area and technology. The demand was dramatically increased since then. The urban and the village farmers were excited by its use. It became part of everyday life as one way of getting information of social, economic, and political developments. Even today these services are becoming diversified qualitatively and quantitatively. At this time, the options to get these all services from radio are challenged by the information technology especially the internet. Today’s Americans have several options to get connected and informed than many other countries. Even today for some nations Radio is still not easy furniture to get. Similarly, its use is highly demanded as part of their daily life. The role of Radio in the old and contemporary times is mainly for information, advertisement, and entertainment purposes.
A normal radio communication system is made of two separate components, a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter emits an electrical fluctuation at a frequency known as the carrier frequency. Frequency modulation has more than just one pair of sidebands, which produces the variations that translate into the speech or any ot...
The cognitive approach is the psychology that allows us to study and develop what makes our minds tick and therefore helps us understand how our minds work and it gives us a modern method on how to approach the human behaviour which focuses on how we learn and think. It mainly focuses on how people obtain their ability to feel, behave, and think.
Cognitive psychology is vital because it’s a journey to understanding how people think and behave. The study of cognition also lends insights beyond psychology. Cognitive psychology is a key player within the interdisciplinary field of study termed cognitive science. Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary effort to understand the mind. It includes five disciplines, that lye at are the core of cognitive psychology (Gardner, 1985). Philosophy is the first discipline systematically to examine the mind, which helps to formulate and examine the fundamental questions that define the field. Neuroscience attempts to specify the relationship between mind and brain. Artificial intelligence addresses issues of mind by modeling human thought processes with computer hardware and software philosophy (Greenberg, Partridge, Weiss, & Pisula, 2004).
Radios are the most common wireless item in existence and are in most homes. We use them for entertainment, communication, as an information source, or even just back ground noise. For many of us radios are almost a necessity, but how much do we know about how they function?
The actual product is a tangible product. As a radio station, their actual products definitely are the channels, radio programmes and DJs. There are three channel frequencies such as FM 881, FM 903 and AM 864. Yet, the radio programmes are mainly provided in FM and clearly targeted to different levels of audience.
"Short History of Radio A Short History of Radio With an Inside Focus on Mobile Radio." fcc.gov. Version 2003-2004. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2013. .
Genetic Algorithm is a sequential procedure developed from the science involved in genetic behaviour organisms for optimization purpose. Working Principle of GA includes the simulation of evolution theory in which, the initial set of “population” is selected in random, and then successive "generations" of solutions are reproduced till the optimal convergence. Existence of the fittest individual and natural selection operators is the main agenda of GA process. Philosophically one can say that GAs are based on Darwin’ theory of survival of the fittest. Genetic algorithm is a method for solving optimization problems that is based on natural selection, the process that drives biological evolution. Being analogous to genetics, it is a long complex thread of DNAs and RNAs containing the hereditary data, by which a traits of each individual can be determined, as chromosomes. Each trait in living organisms is being coded with some combination of DNAs like A (Adenine), C (Cytosine), T (Thymine) and G (Guanine).