Performance Analysis of an Aperture Coupled Microstrip Stacked Patch Antenna For WLAN Applications
Abstarct- In this paper microstrip stacked patch antenna with 10mm air gap using aperture coupling technique at frequency of 5.8 GHz has been discussed. Microstrip antennas suffer from a biggest drawback of narrow bandwidth and this can be improved by a technique called aperture coupling and further by stacking of antennas without increase in surface area of antenna. Without stacking bandwidth comes out to be 310 MHz and with stacking the bandwidth increases to 440 MHz. The airgap of 10mm is used between the two patches. The gain and directivity has also been increased. The bandwidth has been increased upto 42 % in this design. The application of this design is in WLAN and WIMAX. The simulation is done using CST 2010 software.
Keywords: Stacking, WLAN, Air gap, VSWR, Gain, Directivity
Introduction
In present days antenna design has become more challenging because of the demand for wireless systems and small size antenna has been increased. For this microstrip antennas are designed. The microstrip patch antennas are basically low profile antennas and have various advantages like small size, low cost, light weight, ease of fabrication and ease of installation and integration with feed networks. But it has one biggest drawback of narrow bandwidth because the range of frequency bands at which antenna can work properly has been limited. In recent years much work has been done to increase both the bandwidth and radiation efficiency of antenna with the help of aperture coupling technique and further by stacking of antennas [1]. In aperture coupling technique, two substrates are used. On the top of first substrate the patch is e...
... middle of paper ...
...vector network analyser.
References
C.A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory Analysis and Design”, third edition, Wiley, New Jersey, 2005.
Targonski, S. D., R. B. Waterhouse, and D. M. Pozar, “Design of wide-band aperture-stacked patch microstrip antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 46, 1245–1251, Sep. 1998.
Tong, K. F., K. M. Luk, and K. F. Lee, “Wideband II-shaped aperture-coupled U-slot patch antenna,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 28, 70–72, Jan. 2001.
Denidni, T. A. and L. Talbi, High Gain Microstrip Antenna Design for Broadband Wireless Applications, 511–517, Wiley Periodicals, Inc., 2003.
Tanveer Kour Raina, Mrs. Amanpreet Kaur, Mr. Rajesh Khanna, “Design of Aperture Coupled Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Communication applications at 5.8 GHz”,IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN), Vol. 2, Issue 7, PP 96-99, July 2012.
Web. 23 Apr. 2014. Reading, Gwem. " Radar Operator in WW2." Letter. 8
Radio systems must have transmitter to modulate some property of the energy produced to impress a signal on it. To using amplitude modulation or angle modulation ,which can be frequency modulation or phase modulation. Radio systems have antenna to convert
"Radar during World War II." - GHN: IEEE Global History Network. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. .
L. Ophir "802.11 Over Coax - A Hybrid Coax - Wireless Home Network Using 802.11Technology", Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, pp.13 -18
Discuss the evolution of radio from the 1940’S to the present, reflecting on significant changes.
The combination of the NFC antenna at the top of the iPhone 6 and the
"Short History of Radio A Short History of Radio With an Inside Focus on Mobile Radio." fcc.gov. Version 2003-2004. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2013. .
The level of RF a person receives is related to many factors, not only the placement of the antenna. Factors that can increase the level of RF are the number of “cells”, the distance to the “base station”, or the obstacles between the caller and the station. The number of cell zones depends on the user population. Heavily populated areas have more cells allowing for more telecommunication traffic. Being close to a cell site lowers the power needed to sustain a call, hence reduces the exposure to RF.
The first stage is the RF amplifier. The AM antenna runs into the RF amp where the desired frequency is selected. As stated by Grob (1997), the typical band for AM is 535 Hz to 1605 KHz. For the duration of the paper, we will assume that we are trying to receive a station that is located on 1290 KHz signal. The antenna used must be able to pick up all the stations on the AM dial. Knowing this, we need to select the one we want to hear. In this case, we want 1290 KHz or The Country KOWW. When the dial on the radio is turned to select 1290 KHz, it does two things. There are two variable capacitors
After nearly a decade of buildup and anticipation satellite radio has finally hit the airwaves. Satellite radio has been an emerging technology in the making for many years now. In 1992, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) assigned part of the S-band (2.3 GHz) spectrum for nationwide broadcasting of a satellite-based Digital Audio Radio Service (DARS). In 1997, the FCC granted American Mobile Radio (now XM Satellite Radio) and CD Radio (now Sirius Satellite Radio) broadcast rights over...
“Too often we measure everything and understand nothing.” according to Jack Welch. So the government has decided to take a closer look at high powered Micro waves. In his paper I‘m going to speak to you about high power microwaves, it’s applications, a comparison of two different types, some of the history, and the findings in results of its research. “High power microwaves (HPM) is an imprecise term used by several communities [1]. In the DoD it pertains primarily to the generation of high peak power bursts of narrowband (coherent) electromagnetic radiation spanning” a specific frequency range, according to E. Schamiloglu of Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico. Directed energy once only apart of every day scifi television can now be apart of everyday life. Laser pointers used for night gazing, fax machines for work, and checkout product scanners are the norm, but a region of directed energy spectrum that has had much less concentration and interest is high power micro-wave technology radar and communication systems. More specifically “moderate average power, broad-bandwidth,” which is used for longer sustained power release and “active denial technology” which is used for nonlethal crowd control. We see as of late that the government has decided the role of high power microwave technology and its applications should be more for the defense es-abolishment, but there are so many more applications in todays world. In recent years and today the need in the modern battlefield is a “target rich environment” for high power micro-wave weapons. With the exception of the standard explosives knives and guns Nearly all equipment contains some kind of electronics. Recently in the gulf war The average sol...
Result shows the response of the proposed stepped impedance, L-C ladder type low pass filter. The graph is plotted by taking gain (dB) on the Y-axis and frequency in GHz on the X-axis. From the graph, it is clear that the cut-off frequency is found to be 1 GHz.
Often the antenna is packaged with the transceiver and decoder to become a reader (a.k.a. interrogator), which can be configured either as a handheld or a fixed-mount device. The reader emits radio waves in ranges of anywhere from one inch to 100 feet or more, depending upon its power output and the radio frequency used. When an RFID tag passes through the electromagnetic zone, it detects the reader's activation signal. The reader decodes the data encoded in the tag's integrated circuit (silicon chip) and the data is passed to the host computer for processing.
Armstrong, A. (May 17, 2007). Satellite Radio vs. High-Definition Radio. Retreived June 19, 2009 from http://stereos.about.com/od/homestereotechnologies/a/radio.htm
FM is since the frequency is varied, station takes up more room on the band.