1.Background and Research:
1.1.History of wind energy and wind turbine
Fig1.1 History of Wind Turbines
During the last century, due to the rapid development of the power system, the use of wind energy experienced several stages. Firstly, the period of infancy, in the 1930s and 1940s, hundreds of thousands of electricity producing wind turbines were built in the U.S. These wind turbines provided electricity to farms beyond the reach of power lines and were typically used to charge storage batteries, operate radio receivers and power a light bulb or two [1].
Then, with the expansion of the utility grid, wind energy entered into the trough period. Because of this, the development of wind turbine lay nearly dormant for the next 20 years until 1970s. After that, wind energy ushered in a new beginning
In the early 1980s, a new market for wind systems started which is called “wind farms”. As well as, with emphasis on renewable energy, more wind farms will be built, but for most countries this is still not realistic.
Over the past few decades, there has been an increasing use of induction generator particularly in wind power applications. In generator operation, a prime mover (turbine, engine) drives the rotor above the synchronous speed. Stator flux still induces currents in the rotor, but since the opposing rotor flux is now cutting the stator coils, active current is produced in stator coils, and motor now operates as a generator, and sends power back to the electrical grid. Based on the source of reactive power induction generators can be classified into two type namely stand-alone generator and grid-connected induction generator. In case of stand-alone IGs the magnetizing flux is established by a capacitor bank connected to the ma...
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...erg "A Review of the State of the Art of Power Electronics for Wind Turbines" IEEE conference on Power Electronics and Machines in Wind Applications, 2009. pp. 1-16 June 2009.
[13] Power Electronics and Machines in Wind Applications (PEMWA), 2012 IEEE , Issue Date: 16-18 July 2012 , Written by: Arnedo, Luis; Dwari, Suman; Motapon, Souleman; Blasko, Vladimir
[14] Matlab. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATLAB
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[15] Electrical Engineer Jobs in London. Available at: http://www.jobsite.co.uk/jobs/london/electrical-engineer
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[16] Available at: http://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/ac-squirrel-cage-induction-generator_60066504902.html
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[17]Wind Turbine Industry Market Research & Statistics. Available at: http://www.reportlinker.com/ci01341/Wind-Turbine.html
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Its most known process of generating electricity would be movement of air through wind turbines. Wind power has two parts, mechanical and electrical systems. Mechanical systems are low speed and are used for mechanical tasks such as pumping water or grinding grain. Electrical systems are high speed and are used to generate electricity to power homes or schools. Many people feel that wind farms full of turbines, are aesthetically unpleasing, but wind power is a clean energy source and does not generate greenhouse gas emissions. It is a very abundant resource throughout the United States. Wind power is simple, relatively cheap, and low maintenance (Sambu). Wind power is again, free and very abundant so no matter how much we use now, we will still obtain enough in the
The first type of forced induction system is the turbocharger. A turbocharger is essentially the same as a supercharger, except where they get their power from. A turbocharger is powered by exhaust gasses that have been produced by the engine and are forcing their way through the turbofold, or the exhaust manifold that the turbo is housed in. The exhaust gas pushes its way through the turbocharger and hit the turbine wheel. Vehicles that usually find the need for a turbocharger from the factory are four or six cylinder engines. Standard in most European vehicles such as Mercedes, Audi, Volkswagen and Volvo. These cars are known for their small displacement motors, and great gas efficiency, due to this setup...
It is well known that nowadays wind power is one of the fast developing energy sources of the world. Thats why one of the GE’s Energy business maintain a strong focus on building the wind power facility and delivering the technology in its fields and benefiting the advantages of wind power. GE has over 12,000 wind turbine operating in all around world with the countries like USA, Canada, China and Spain.
There is physics involved in these wind turbines as they change wind into mechanical energy and then into electricity. The energy produced depends on the volume of the air, the density, and the wind speed. The mass per unit time is the mass times the density times the wind speed or m = mass, p = density, A = area, and v = wind speed; m = pAV. Because the function of the wind turbine is to transform the wind’s kinetic energy into electricity the equation for kinetic energy is needed; KE = ½ mv2 or kinetic energy equals one half the mass times the velocity squared. Then, using substitution, the power in the wind depends on the density of the air, area swept out by rotors, and the cube of the velocity or ½ pAV3. Using Betz’ law the theoretical energy model for extracting 59% of the energy is power = 16/27(½ pAV3) .
With concern over global warming growing, people are starting to turn a more serious eye toward cleaner sources of energy. Instead of solar power making a comeback as the ideal form, we are seeing a growth in the use of wind power. Wind farms are beginning to crop up all around the country. This new trend has gathered significant attention. Questions are being raised concerning the effects wind farms may have, from critics and supporters alike. Michelle Nijhuis, in the article “Selling the Wind” discusses the arguments on behalf of and in opposition to the increasing use of wind power, addressing what the consequences may be on the United States.
United States International Trade Commission (2009, June). Wind Turbine Industry and Trade Report. Retrieved, August 12, 2011 from http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/ITS-2.pdf
Winds are caused by the irregular heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the variations of the earth's surface, and rotation of the earth. This wind flow, or kinetic energy, when "harvested" by modern wind turbines, can be used to generate electricity. There is an abundance of wind to meet our needs, “the potential of [the total] wind power [in the world] is. 20 times more than what the entire human population needs” (Maehlum). Currently, wind power is one of the lowest-priced renewable energy technologies available, costing between four and six cents per kilowatt-hour, depending upon the wind resource.
Wind turbines are a great source of energy around the world. Wind turbines produce wind energy that can be used to power our homes. Wind turbines convert kinetic energy into mechanical power. Then this mechanical power gets generated into electricity. Wind turbines make energy by the wind turning the large blades, which spin a shaft that is connected to the large blades, which then operates the generator making electricity.
The wind is an incredibly valuable renewable energy source and is in the forefront of renewable energy developments. It is used to convert wind energy into energy that can be harnessed and used via a variety of methods, including; wind turbines, windmills, sails and windpumps. For a renewable energy source, however, it is wind turbines that are used to generate electricity (see figure 1). Wind power has been used for this since the end of the nineteenth century, after Professor James Blyth of the Royal College of Science and Technology first attempted it (Boyle, 2012). However, It wasn’t until the 1980s that using wind power technology was sufficient enough to experience a rapid growth of the technology.
Wind is a form of solar energy. The term wind energy describes the process by which the wind is used to generate electricity or mechanical power. Wind turbines convert mechanical energy from the wind into electrical power. Wind turbines usually have three main parts. There are blades that connect to a central hub, a box behind the blades that contains the generator, and a long stem that connects to the ground. The way how it works is that the wind turns the blades, which spins a shaft that connects to a generator making electricity. After the electricity is produced it is sent through transmission lines to a substation that is sent to business and homes. For the sake of our planet, we must promote a renewable energy economy. Wind power can be a foundation of that sustainable energy future because it provides jobs in states that are building wind turbines, is a renewable energy source, and does not damage our environment. The environment will not be damaged by the pollution, the natural resources will not be used up, and there won’t be generating of hazardous wastes. Welcoming wind energy today will lay the foundation for a healthy tomorrow that will affect everyone in the United States. There are obstacles and challenges that will make it more difficult, but the environmental impact is well worth it to invest more money into wind energy.
The push to become less reliant on fossil fuels powering our society is becoming more and more urgent. Fossils such as coal can cause severe air pollution and oil poses major threats to the environment with the possibility of oil spills. Developing a dependence on renewable energies, such as solar, wind, or biofuels holds a vast amount of importance because of the arte at which fossil fuels have caused the environment to deteriorate. In order to prevent the damages fossil fuels, innovations and inventions are constantly developing and changing within renewable resources. Wind energy or wind power defines the process in which, wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into
Windmills have been around for centuries. Wind is a given fact in our weather pattern. Pollution is an increasing problem on our planet and with the increasing usage of electrical consumption and the forseable shortage of coal supply there is no question about using the wind as an alternative source of energy. Although the initial setup costs of a windfarm are extremely high, the costs of running the turbines are extremely low.
Wind and Solar Power Statistics, Facts and Trivia. Wind and Solar Power Statistics, Facts and
Deal, W. (n.d.). Wind power: An emerging energy resource.Technology & Engineering Teacher, 70(1), 9-15. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=a747d6c4-9f9f-4066-be3e-d7d26a427ef2@sessionmgr115&vid=1&hid=114&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWNvb2tpZSxpcCxjcGlkJmN1c3RpZD1zc2Mmc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZlJnNjb3BlPXNpdGU=
The stator is the stationary component while the rotor is the rotational component of the motor. Usually magnetic fields are created when an electric current is applied to a set of conductive wires wound together (Dixon, 2001). Magnetic fields can also be created using Permanent Magnets (PM). Electrical motors can also work as electrical generators (Correla, 1986). Electrical generators are devices capable of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. An example would be a wind turbine which works as an electrical generator. It converts the mechanical energy of the rotating shaft caused by wind into electrical energy (Correla, 1986). The focus of this research will ...