The Theory of Restoration
Despite the abundance of strategies available, researchers have found that William Benoit’s theory of image restoration—later titled image repair—offers a more useful framework for the understanding of corporate crisis situations (Benoit, 1997). Considered the dominant paradigm for image repair discourse, the theory of image restoration is grounded under the premises that communication is a “goal-directed activity.” The first goal aims to maintain one’s favorable image, while the second goal aims to restore or protect one’s reputation (Benoit, 1995, p. 63-71). To ensure these goals where met, Benoit designed a typology that provided crisis communication practitioners with five general defense strategies to employ (separately or collectively) during a crisis to mitigate and or repair damages created by a crisis. Those strategies are: (1) denial, (2) evading responsibility, (3) reducing offensiveness, (4) corrective action, and (5) mortification.
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In Accounts, Excuses, and Apologies, simple denial is defined as “a dismissal of the fact that the event occurred, was negative or that the entity/rhetor was connected to the event” (Benoit, 1995; Len-Ríos & Benoit, 2004). Benoit states this strategy can be applied when an organization feels that it has done nothing wrong. In this case, the organization will either deny the crisis, its involvement in the crisis or that the crisis was harmful to others. The second variant, shifting the blame, is where an organization makes a decision to place the responsibility of their actions on another. Within this denial form, a third variant exist called separation. In order to employ the separation strategy, an organization must separate its self from the accused and establish that the accused acted in their own accord, without authority, in order to preserve the organization’s
...he blame because it something he does not want to let out. Nichols thinks he is getting out of the line of fire by resigning. This example of ceremonial argument is greatly defined because the general manager has resigned and he is being blamed for so much within the department’s issues revolving city documents.
Especially in political contexts, knowledge of basic facts is critical because often victims and the broader political community do now know who was responsible for the wrong suffered, nor the extent of violations committed. Acknowledgement refers to the official, public recognition of what happened. This is often needed to counter official denial of wrongdoing or responsibility for wrongdoing. The often unspoken, Freudian assumption is that suppressed traumas will inevitably re-emerge in destructive ways. The more explicit arguments are that the acknowledgement of wrongs and of victims helps heal psychic wounds (van Ness and Strong, 2002), enable re-establish normative standards for behavior , and reassert that the victims are indeed members of the moral or political community (Llewellyn and Howse,
When a crisis appears, it is common practice to not only blame, but also punish someone for a malefaction committed by another. No matter the circumstance, it will not be the last occurrence. The practice of scapegoating has followed humankind since its creation in biblical times. When a guiltless party is blamed for a misdeed, the religious practice of scapegoating has been adopted, whether it is for social, political, or medical reasons.
There are many definitions for what is considered to be a crisis. Alan Jay Zaremba, author of the textbook ”Organizational Communication,” combines several definitions of the word to conclude that a crisis is “an incident that occurs unexpectedly, could damage an organization’s reputation, values, and/or performance, and requires effective communication. (Zaremba, 2010) In the case of the Nuance Group, their current situation completely blindsided the organization, was a nightmare for their reputation, and communication was now the key element in restoring their image. This was indeed a crisis.
Humans in general, take many things for granted: life, money, security, but what about color? Usually nobody ever stops to think, “what if there was no color?” Color is seen by almost everyone so no one necessarily has to wonder what it would be like if color wasn’t there. However, philosophy professor James Landesman has provided a theory in which people learn color may really not exist. Although this seems like a shocking and even ludicrous proposal, his essay Why Nothing Has Color: Color Skepticism brings up many points that can lead anyone to doubt the existence of something so trivial.
Giroux, G. (Winter 2008). What went wrong? Accounting fraud and lessons from the recent scandals. Social Research, 75, 4. p.1205 (34). Retrieved June 16, 2011, from Academic OneFile via Gale:
..., Crisis communication failures: The BP Case Study, International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics, Issue 2, March-April 2013, accessed 28 March 2014,
Secondly, the grapevine aspect of social media is prevalent in this case. An inaccurate message was rapidly passed throughout Best Buy’s customer base and employees. In addition to the embarrassment that was felt by CEO, Brian Dunn, the company’s image was negatively impacted. Social media gives the oppo...
The communication process is not something that begins when a crisis rears its ugly head rather it is a process that takes place in preparing for a crisis before it happens. While the term crisis represents a blanket term used to describe many situations, each situation is unique, thus presenting different obstacles to overcome. However, with a well-established advanced plan in place an organization places itself in a position to overcome and work around obstacles. The development of a comprehensive crisis management plan is one achieved through effective communication where each member of the crisis management team has an advanced shared understanding of his or her role and responsibility during a time of crisis (du Pr'e, 2005).
2) Limit the damage, and 3) restore credibility. Following these goals ensure a successful public relations plan for any organization. Crisis management definitely needs to be addressed in any organization. ? Although it is usually not a fun role for public relations manager. The.
In the evaluation of strategic management of public relations, both concepts of risk communication and situational theory can be integrated into the above-mentioned model. Risk communication is an ongoing process that builds the foundation for crisis communication. Particularly, the risk analysis process consists of hazard identification, risk assessment, significance of risks and communicating risk information.
Dowd (2016) runs above and beyond with the clarification to state accounting fraud incorporates the change of accounting records in regards to sales, incomes, costs and different components for a profit motive, for example, boosting organization stock prices, getting ideal financing or maintaining a strategic distance from obligation commitments. Dowd is of the feeling that covetousness, absence of straightforwardness, poor administration data and poor accounting interior controls are a couple of explanations behind accounting fraud. (Dowd,
According to David Abrahams, senior vice-president of Marsh Risk Consulting Practice and an expert in brand risk, there is often a demonstrable link between the way in which a crisis is handled by a company and what happens to that business and its associated brand. 'The way in which any crisis is handled becomes a visible test of management capability,' he says. 'If that crisis arises from a fundamental breach of trust or performance, the compound effect of the bad handling can be devastating.'
Image retrieval is the process of handling large volume of image database in order to achieve the efficiency in identifying similar images over the retrieved results. In Image retrieval, a choice of various techniques is used to represent images for searching, indexing and retrieval with either supervised or unsupervised learning models. The color feature extraction process consists of two parts: grid based representative of color selection [B.S.Manjunath, 2001] and discrete cosine transform with quantization. Color feature extraction is a very compact and resolution invariant representation of high speed image retrieval systems and it has been designed to efficiently represent the
An image is described as a two-dimensional function, f(x, y), in which x and y are plane (spatial) coordinate points, and the amplitude of at any two similar pair of coordinates (x, y) is called the intensity or gray level of the image at the particular point. When x and y the amplitude values of f are all discrete entities or finite the image is known as digital image. The domain of digital image processing directs to processing digital images by the help of a digital computer. Note that a digital image is made up of a finite number of parts, each of which has a certain place and amount. These parts are directed to as picture property, image property, pixels and peels. Pixel is the word most widely used to represent the individual elements of a