Sarcopenia is a degenerative disease frequently associated with the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Risk of sarcopenia increases at a rate of 3-8% per decade after age 30 and continues to accelerate after the fifth decade of life (1, 616; 2, 1). Contributing factors of muscle degeneration include: sedentary lifestyle, malnutrition, reduced protein turnover rate, lowered insulin response, inflammatory changes, and decreased anabolic hormone production (3, 1073). Dietary protein is essential in order to build muscle and avoid loss of lean body mass (4, 686). Evidence indicates increased protein intake above the RDA of 0.8 g/kg per day in older adults will increase the anabolic response of muscle (3, 1073).
High dietary protein intake is inversely associated with loss of lean body mass. Surveys indicate 22-38% of men and 32-41% of females aged 50 years and older consume less than the dietary recommendation of 0.8 g/kg/day of protein (5, 1556). Females from a population group of 1,077 aged 75±3, had better skeletal health and bone mass density when consuming more than 87 grams of protein per day compared to the placebo group (3, 1075). Adequate protein intake of 1.1 g/kg of body weight was positively associated with preservation of lean mass in older adults aged 70-79 years (5, 1556). Subjects lost 40% less total body and lean mass when consuming 1.1 g/kg/day compared to those consuming 0.7g/kg/day (5, 1557). Elderly women and men followed for a duration of four years, who consumed a high protein intake of 84-152 grams a day, were associated with protection against femoral and spinal bone loss compared to individuals who consumed levels at the lowest quartile of protein between 17-51 grams per day (1, 619). Intake above...
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...P., Degens, H., El Hajj Fuleihan, G., et al. (2013). Impact of nutrition on muscle mass, strength, and performance in older adults. Osteoporosis international, 24 (5), 1555-1566. doi: 10.1007/s00198-012-2236-y.
6. Shahar, S., Kamaruddin, N. S., Badrasawi, M., Sakian, N. I., Abd Manaf, Z., et al. (2013). Effectiveness of exercise and protein supplementation intervention on body compostion, functional fitness, and oxidative stress among elderly Malays with sarcopenia. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 8, 1365-1375. doi:10.2147/CIA.S46826.
7. Alemán-Mateo, H., Macías, L., Esparza-Romero, J., Astiazaran-García, H., Blancas, A. L. (2012). Physiological effects beyond the significant gain in muscle mass in sarcopenic elderly men: evidence from a randomized clinical trial using a protein-rich food. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 7, 225-234. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S32356.
3. Effects of resistance training and Chromioum Picolinate on body composition and skelatal muscle in older men by, Campbell WW., Joseph LJ., Davey SL., Cyr-Campbell D., Anderson RA., and Evans WJ.. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY. 86(1): 29-39,1999 January.
Fatigue, decreased mobility and impaired balance from the rheumatoid and osteoarthritis pain also increases the risk of falls (Stanmore et al., 2013). Age related changes such as sarcopenia causes muscle tone and strength to decrease, especially in the lower limbs and as a result, balance and gait become impaired (Culross, 2008). These factors significantly influence the risk of falls and also affect the ability to carry out daily activities therefore, with a physiotherapists assistance, the nurse could introduce a personalised exercise regime to enhance muscle tone and strength (Culross, 2008). According to Neuberger et al (1997), exercise lessens fatigue and improves muscle tone and balance in older people. Recommending an exercise programme for Mrs Jones that incorporates strength training exercises and aerobics, could potentially improve muscle tone and strength and as a result improve mobility, balance and lessen the risk of falls (Bird, Pittaway, Cuisick, Rattray & Ahuja, 2013). The nurse could also suggest safety precautions such as advising Mrs Jones to use a mobility aid (Gooberman-Hill & Ebrahim,
Sarcopenia is one of many diagnoses from Mr. F’s medical chart. I know the purpose of this assignment isto focus on sarcopenia. However, I have to admit, I find this task quite challenging. The ultimate goal of my treatment is to engage Mr. F in “occupations” and purposeful activities. I not only address one specific diagnosis, but also his individual physical, emotional, cognitive performance as well as his environment. To me the ICF model offers dynamic understanding of disability not as individual diagnosis but an intricate weave of personal, social and environmental factors. I agree that treatment of sarcopenia for Mr. F is important. The changes in muscle properties and performance have significant effects on his ability to engage in meaningful occupations. However, increased muscle mass would never be the primary focus of my treatment. The desired outcome of my intervention would improve his occupational performance in self-care activities and functional mobility allowing him to return to his prior level of function, facilitating his satisfaction with his performance and improving his quality of life through role competence relating to husband and self-caregiver.
Now, when considering one wants to prevent or treat Osteoporosis, it does not mean to cut yourself off of foods with small portions or extreme dieting. It is a common misconception that when a person wants to be healthy they must eat in smaller portions, and while this does have some truth, one must consider when it comes to eating healthy, it means to eat healthy by adding nutritious portions of fruits, vegetables, protein, carbs, and of course, calcium intake for the bones in one’s diet. Also, one must not deprive themselves of having a “cheat day” once a week with chips and candy. But it is a good start to begin adding calcium fortified foods and supplements, such as milk. People should at least aim for 1,000 to 1,200 milligrams a day of calcium. Low-fat cheese, milk, yogurt, orange juice, graham crackers, and calcium supplements are a beneficial contribution in accessing calcium to the body (Vander, 2003). Of course, Osteoporosis develops during old age, due to the gradual decline in exercising, calcium in bones, and weight loss. However, Osteoporosis is also genetically found in some people with a long history of family members who have had bone fractures. Also, many factors affect and can cause Osteoporosis and one of them is smoking. Because smokers have poor lungs, it can be difficult to exercise. Another is not going out too much,
Mr. Smith achieved over 100% of his recommended daily protein. Mr. Smith's health is important for him to keep his protein intake within the recommended range because of the health effects of ingesting too much or too little protein. The effects of too much protein can cause kidney failure.(Too Much, 2006) Too little protein intake can mean low energy, low stamina, poor resistance to infection, mental depression, slow healing of wounds, and prolonged recovery from illness.
Nutrition plays a significant role in the human lifecycle because it provides energy, helps prevent diseases and promotes growth. The first documented evidence associating dietary restriction and aging came in 1935 in a study conducted by McCay et al that found that reducing the amount of calories consumed by 20% without causing malnourishment increased the lifespan and resistance to age related diseases in a rodent model (Colman et al., 2009; Sinclair, 2005). Typically a reduction of 10-40% of calorie intake is suggested by several authors as being effective in lengthening life, although a recent study using 30% dietary restriction was found to be ineffective in doing so in rhesus monkeys (Mattison et al., 2012).
The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that health conditions associated with the ageing process are arthritis, stroke, heart disease, cancer and diabetes. These health concerns can be avoided...
Peyser, Marc and Springer, Karen. "The New Muscle Candy." Newsweek 12 January 1998: 131(2): 68.
Ultimately, these physiological changes result in different nutritional needs for the elderly. The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences issues the Recommended Daily Allowances for healthy people over the age of 51. However, these RDAs are limited in that they have been derived from studies of younger, healthy populations and do not account ...
Diets high in plant protein, such as the vegetarian diet, are linked with many health benefits. Studies suggest vegetarians tend to have a lower body weight, lower cholesterol, lower risk of diabetes, lower blood pressure levels. (21) (18) They also have a lower risk of stroke, cancer and death from heart disease than non-vegetarians (15) (16).
According to the book “Understanding normal and clinical nutrition”, the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein intake is, 0.8g/kg of body weight for non-athletes; according to nutrition professionals this amount can be achieved through a healthy diet (Rolfes, Pinna, & Whitney, 2012). It is well known that athletes, due to their high energy expenditure, need to ingest a greater quantity of nutrients with the purpose of repairing and building muscle cells, besides reestablishing energy storage; The International Society of Sports Nutrition (2007) states that athletes and exercising individuals amount of protein to be consumed depends on the intensity of the exercise training sessions, the quality of the protein ingested in their whole foods diet, besides their carbohydrate intake. Meanwhile, athletes’ protein needs should be about 1.4 to 2.0 g/kg of body weight, and even though dietary supplements are a safe way to meet protein requirement, it would be healthier to obtain the necessary nutrients ingesting high quality foods as part of a daily diet (Campbell et al, 2007).
Meat is also the best source of protein and iron which are used a lot. in the body of the body. With vegetables, fruit, and dairy produce a lot must be. eaten to achieve the same amount of protein and iron consumed with a smaller amount of meat. Eating too much vegetables or anything becomes hazardous to the body, therefore eating meat could prevent this problem. and also leave more room in the diet for more food.
When most people hear the term ‘bodybuilding’ they think of massive, inhuman looking individuals, mostly males, who spend every waking minute in the gym lifting weights and injecting steroids. But that is not entirely true. Bodybuilding is much more complex than that, especially when it comes to nutrition. Bodybuilding is a lifestyle. There are many different factors that come in to play for professional bodybuilders, as well as the regular person who is looking to put on muscle mass or whatever their fitness goals might be. Some of those factors include nutrition, training, recovery, supplementation, as well as the controversial topic of drugs in the bodybuilding scene. Bodybuilding also has a unique history that should be addressed before diving into the topics of bodybuilding.
In order to perform at peak potential an athlete must fuel their body with nutritious foods. Proteins, carbohydrates, fruits and vegetables; these three-core food groups fuel a winning athlete. Proteins help build, teeth, bones and muscles, and create enzymes, red blood cells, long-term energy, as well, boost the immune system. Its functions are the most diverse of any food group. Protein consists of combinations of structures called amino acids that combine in various ways to make muscles, bone and tissues. They serve other functions as well including nutrient transportation and enzyme production for overall health beneficence. Adequate, regular protein intake is essential because the body does not easily store it. Various foods supply protein in different amounts with the highest quantaty coming mostly from animal products such as meat, fish, and eggs.
You've probably heard about how influential protein is to gaining muscle, but it also gives you