Anderson, J. N/A. Water supply. The environmental benefits of water recycling and reuse. Water
Science & Technology. 3(4): 1-10
Fresh water levels are at an all-time low and with the increasing demand for Ag and development, water is a scarce resource. The article analyses the effects on how reusing water can help to combat the needs with less fresh water. The paper demonstrates with a water recycle case studies in agriculture, urban areas, and water resource supplementation in a few different countries. The relations between water reuse and maintainable water control are studied. Water preservation and water recycling can produce significant eco-friendly benefits, arising from a decreases in water diversions, and reductions on the impacts of wastewater disposals on the environmental water.
Some cases are shown by demonstrating the ecological benefits in measureable terms. The scientists also explains the economic and ecological benefits shown in a number of recent practiced water cycle planning in Australia and a few different countries. I found this source reliable because it was peer reviewed. I plan to use this paper because it supports my argument.
Bech, B. 2011. Water resources and oil and gas development: A survey of North Dakota law
North Dakota Law Review. 87(4): 507-533.
North Dakota has been subject to a massive increase in oil production in just the past few years. The recent increase in oilfield activity has the North American region questioning the amount of water that will be avail...
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...etroleum derived materials. Biosource Technology. 100(24): 6229-
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Amounts of oilfield produce water differs from time to time relying on the different methods of extraction. Sometimes the well itself can produce 10 to 20 times the amount of water than oil. Scientists have found that the longer the well is online the more water it produces in its lifetime. In the dryer climates it may proof to be more profitable to recycle the produce water and use it for agriculture reasons and for the oil exploration itself.
The waist stabilization ponds are a treatment method that prevails more effective in the dry and hotter climates. I found the source to be reliable because it was peer reviewed. I plan to use the article because it supports my argument.
purpose we use this for is to drill wells into so that we may obtain the water that
Because of fracking within our nation we are experiencing an abundance of cheap natural gas that provides power for hospitals, schools, homes and mass transit systems. Because of this sudden growth and development the job market has massive opportunities available for Americans. The regions that have seen the highest growth in these opportunities are in Texas and North Dakota. Additionally North Dakota has seen the highest jump in income by 7.6 percent and the lowest unemployment rate in the United States. However what is ultimately shaping this economic boom is our dependence on fossil fuels. With the ever present dangers to the environment “fossil fuels will lead to increased emissions of greenhouse gases and an acceleration in climate change, the extraction of these materials will involve ever greater cost, danger and environmental risk as energy firms operate deeper and in more problematic rock formations (Klare).” Because of the end of easy access deposits the increase investment of time, money and resources becomes more valuable the deeper we extract and the more we choose to extract the more we pollute. The amount of resources that is invested into a single facking site is staggering. More than 8 million gallons of water can be used in a single frack and laced with over 600 chemicals. Some of these chemicals are known carcinogens and dangerous toxins that cause harm on
Krauss, Clifford. "In Texas, a Fight Over Fracking." New York Times 9 Oct. (2014): Web. 3 Feb. 2015.
Hydraulic Fracturing (fracking) is “the process of injecting water and trace chemicals at high rates and pressures to create subsurface fractures along the length of a horizontal or vertical wellbore and then ‘propping the fracture open with sand or other materials” (Shemeta 6). This process allows for oil and natural gas to flow up through the Earth, allowing access to resources that would not be accessible otherwise. This topic has become debated extensively among environmental activists and the oil and natural gas corporations. One of the states most afflicted by this problem is Oklahoma because of its abundance of natural gas and oil. Oklahoma is one of the leading oil and natural gas exporters in
According to the United States EPA, only one percent of all water on Earth is deemed suitable for human consumption. In a world with a continually-growing population in need of an ample water supply, the world's sources of fresh water are showing increased signs of overuse as they are emptied faster than they can be naturally refilled. In fact, over the past half-decade the demand for water has more than tripled as the watersheds across the globe have been devastated (EPA).
Since the early 2000’s, after new technological advancements in fracking and the discovery of large shale reserves across the country, fracking has increased domestic energy production substantially. Shale gas production has increased 20% from 2005 to 2012, promoting a more prosperous economic demand for domestic energy solutions (Pritchard). The demand for transportation vehicles, fuel, housing and water also increases with the expansion of fracking. Furthermore, the increase in fracking has increased employment significantly. In a country struggling to rebound from a recession, well-paying jobs are easily accessible in the booming oil field. This is evident in the prosperous state of North Dakota, in which the unemployment rate has fallen to 2.8 %( Gottesdiener). However, although this industrial expansion creates temporary employment, the consequences of mismanagement may also cost millions of dollars to repair. Fracking has the potential to create environmental damage such as water contamination, radioactive spills, and increased seismic activity that could cost thousands of dollars in damage. The cleanup of drinking water contamination is difficult and expensive, and ultimately rarely attempted. Moreover, the cost to replace the drinking water of contaminated homes and communities also cost a substantial amount of money (The Costs of
“A study of North Dakota’s pipelines revealed over 300 leaks in two years, most of which were unreported to the public” and although Energy Transfer Partners has made attempts to reassure the people of Standing Rock that their operations are secure and would involve close monitoring, from 2012-2013 there were 300 pipeline spills in North Dakota, many of which were not reported (Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, 2016,
Ridlington, Elizabeth, Rumpler, John. “Fracking by the Numbers: Key Impacts of Dirty Drilling at the State and National Level.” 8 July 2014. PDF File.
One of the biggest challenges facing the world is availability of fresh water. Only about one third of a percent is of the fresh water available on earth is found in surface and ground water for human consumption. Globally these sources of fresh water have been dwindling away and becoming scarcer every year as water demand grows. This problem is true throughout the world and is especially prevalent in the arid regions of the world such as the Southwest United States. Since I am a student here at the University of Arizona and a resident of the state now, these growing water issues not only affect me but all of the residents of Tucson, Arizona. This makes water sustainably critical to the entire region and me.
Care for a snack? Try the chocolate bar that comes in recyclable packaging, or maybe pick up a package of sustainable wood-fiber-filled baby diapers, or a no-animal-testing sunscreen, nontoxic spray cleaner, an entry form for a Prius giveaway or a cloth grocery bag for your shopping (Layton, 2014). Many products have become useful in so many ways that not recycling is harmful as well as unwise and uneconomical. There’s not enough room to throw trash all over the place, pollute, and simply not recycle. In order to understand the importance of recycling, people must first understand what recycling is, what it involves, and how it works. It is also important to know not only the effects of recycling but benefits as well. There are benefits to recycling paper, plastic, glass and aluminum; such as saving energy, saving money, reducing air pollution, and even creating jobs – which not only benefit the environment but the economy as well.
Schultz, P.W., Oskamp, S., & Mainieri, T. (1995). Who recycles and when? A review of
With the population expecting to rise 40-50% within the next 50 years, the demand for water in Agricultural needs and Environmental needs will rise as well, creating a more desperate water crisis.
Miller, Debra A. Will the World Run out of Fresh Water? Detroit: Greenhaven, 2007. Print.
Freshwater is quite scarce, but it is even scarcer than one might think: about seventy percent of all freshwater is frozen in the icecaps of Antarctica and Greenland and is unavailable to humans. Most of the remainder is present as soil moisture or lies in deep underground aquifers as groundwater. It is not economically feasible to extract this waster for use as drinking water. This leaves less than one percent of the world’s fresh water that is available to humans. It includes the water found in lakes, reservoirs, groundwater that is shallow enough to be tapped at an affordable cost. These freshwater sources are the only sources that are frequently replenished by rain and snowfall, and therefore are renewable. At the current rates of consumption, however, this supply of fresh water will not last. Pollution and contamination of freshwater sources exacerbate the problem, further reducing the amount of freshwater available for human consumption. Something must be done if humans want to even survive in the near future: the lack of clean drinking water is already the number one cause of disease in the world today. The first step is worldwide awareness of the water crisis: governments and the citizens they govern worldwide need to know about this problem and be actively involved in solving this problem.
Rogers, Peter. 2008. "Facing the Freshwater CRISIS. (Cover story)." Scientific American 299, no. 2: 46-53. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed November 4, 2010).