Reclaimed wastewater or reuse water is defined as an effluent that is derived from any part of the sewage facility that has been sufficiently and reliably treated to meet the water quality suitable for beneficial use without sludge handling or pollutants discharging. The wastewater can be classified in two main categories: domestic waste (residence, commercial, and institutional waste) and industrial waste which contains different types and strengths of contaminants from the domestic one, as these contaminants had been generated during the production process for any industrial facilities. Besides, sewage can be broken down into 99.9% water and 0.1 % solids as the solids 70% of its organic substance (protein, carbohydrate, and fats) and another
For instance, the effluent that contains rich nutrient level (potassium and nitrogen) within the acceptable pollutant discharge level is a good source for crop growth without the excessive use of fertilizers (reduce farming cost). Another benefit of reuse or reclaimed wastewater is to recharge the aquifer in order to control salt water intrusion in the coastal area (reduce the use of fresh water). On the other hand, some concerns were brought up with the use of a reclaim wastewater with high suspended solids concentration which may cause plugging irrigation system, or contain high biodegradable organic concentration that may provide food for microorganism and effect disinfection process as this makes it unsuitable for industrial uses. It can also contain high total dissolved solids (excessive salinity) which may damage the crops or increase the electrical conductivity which later on affect soil permeability, or contain high chlorine residual that may burn and damage some sensitive crops (in general most of the chlorine in reclaimed wastewater is in combined form that will not cause any crop
Hence, using the reuse wastewater in lawn, golf course, landscape….ext. will reduce the cost of sewage treatment and be reflected on the monthly water bills with the advantage of less use of fresh water for the above activities. My personal concern is the presence of the microorganism (pathogens), as they pose health concerns and with no federal regulation to control the use / treatment methods or the standards to be followed. At this point, EPA has not published regulatory specification, yet did provide the state with little regulations guidance. WHO has also published guidelines for reuse or reclaim wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture. Based on this, I do believe there is no specific MCL/ MCLG or primary/secondary standards to be implemented /forcible on reuse wastewater. However, its only depends on the state regulation in case any improper treatment happened, epically with pathogen presence, health and environmental risk run high. I think, releasing the treated wastewater which is supposed to be used directly as drinking water to the rivers/ streams or carefully recharges our aquifer after a complex series of purification (RO/UV) and eventually be diluted in nature water cycle. Even though it’s a cost failure, yet the communities or the public will accept the
Entire towns and rural households that lack wastewater treatment systems discharge raw wastewater directly into rivers and streams through open lines known as “straight pipes.” (O’Dell, 2005). The lack of proper wastewater disposal promotes environmental degradation and creates potential health hazards, including contamination of drinking water sources.
The existence of a waste water treatment plant will depend on local discharge requirements and the costs of waste water treatment. Relevant waste water treatment technologies involve neutralisation and anaerobic or aerobic processes.
Stephenson, R., & Blackburn, J. J. (1998). The Industrial Wastewater Systems Handbook. New York: Lewis Publishers.
our pipelines and sewers where it goes to a treatment plant to be treated, but
into the underground water sources or freshwater bodies and use it for our own benefit.
The human race needs three things to survive; air to breathe, food to eat, and water to drink. A large majority of the public thinks these resources are infinite and plentiful. What they fail to realize is that they are not infinite, air can become polluted, food can carry pesticides, and water can transmit diseases very easily. In order to keep these necessities safe, many companies are taking the initiative by trying to cut down on pollution and stop using harmful pesticides. Water, however is not getting enough attention, especially in urban areas. Framework exists for these urban areas to be able to have successful water management, but some countries cannot afford these ideas or simply do not want
The ordinance prohibits dumping of garbage anywhere other than those recognized and established garbage facilities, dumping of unclean and unsegregated waste, discharging of human dirt along the creeks and rivers, throwing of wastes in creeks, rivers, public places such as roads, sidewalks and establishments, and burning of garbage that are non-biodegradable wastes. It also requires residents to practice separating of wastes. Reusable solid wastes such as bottles, plastics, cellophanes and papers shall be brought to the community material recovery facility duly segregated or directly to the agent-buyers. Non-recyclable materials and special solid wastes will be brought to the material recovery facility, while hazardous wastes or chemicals will be disposed in coordination with concerned government agencies according to prescribed methods. The local government is responsible for collecting reusable, recyclable and non-biodegradable waste materials from the material recovery facilities; and transporting them to the recycling centers and or to the municipal material recovery facility. Collection of segregated solid wastes is scheduled per
Safe and efficient methods of recycling organic wastes as well as the recycling of water wastes from sewage systems will be implemented.
Waste water treatment plants are essential to communities of all sizes and must work efficiently. Waste water treatment plant primary priority and responsibility is the treatment of incoming sewage water by the removal of biological and chemical wastes so it can be treated and recycled for future use. There are many government agencies and standards set forth to govern and observe the successful treatment of sewage such as: the Department of Environmental Quality, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System and the Clean Water Act of 1972. Compliance and constant monitoring of the treatment plant’s operations are important; as they protect the surrounding community. A spill or backflow of sewage due to a complete system malfunction could potentially be detrimental to the environment and local community. A precise system, of which must be compliant according to government standards, is critical to maintain low levels of wastes that are returned to neighboring water systems after treatment.
A. Recycling is the recovery of useful materials such as paper, glass, plastic and metals from the municipal solid waste stream to use to make new products, reducing the amount of virgin raw materials needed. (http://www.epa.gov/waste/nonhaz/municipal - I plan to cite on PP)
There are countless sources of water pollutions that exist today due to our industrious and technologically advanced lifestyles. However, the most vexing is caused by the most basic necessity for survival, Agricultural Pollution. Agricultural Pollution is defined as, “ liquid and solid wastes from all types of farming activities, including run-off from pesticide and fertilizer use, and from feedlots; erosion and dust from ploughing; animal manure and carcasses; and crop residues and debris. In essence Agricultural Pollution is a nonpoint source water pollutant since it comes from various locations and cannot be pinpointed” (EPA-web). Although there are many practices already in place that will decrease the pollution, increase productivity, and save farmers money in the long run, the farmers are careful to change practices.
To compliment this, the UV oxidation would be used in more developed countries to destroy chemicals within the water, allowing water to be cleaned worldwide ultimately in the end possibly ending the lack of water supply for the world. Works Cited Leach, Mike. A. "UV-Oxidation: Municipal Case Studies." Iuva.com. N.p., Sept. 6, 2006.
Domestic households and industrial and agricultural practices often produce wastewater that can cause rivers and lakes to become polluted. This is typically called sewage and wastewater pollution. Sewage is a term for wastewater that usually contains feces, urine, and laundry waste. With there being billions of people on earth, treating sewage is a big priority. Untreated sewage can contam...
Wastewater is the combination of water-carried or liquid wastes starting in the sanitary conveniences of dwellings, industrial or commercial facilities. In addition to this, surface water, groundwater and storm water may also be present. It is any water that has been badly affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It contains waste from residential, industrial and commercial processes. Municipal water contains industrial wastewater, sewage and gray water. Gray water is the water from sinks and showers. Large industries also produce wastewater.
Water plays such an important role in our daily lives. 70% of our body is composed of water. 70% of the earth surface is also made up of water, but out of the 70%, only 1/3 of water is consumable. In fact, this amount has been continuously to decrease as more and more industries began to pollute and damage the water. For example, many toxic chemicals may be released into the water thus making the water impure. Such pollutions and damages lead the water to be contaminated and inconsumable as it may cause severe diseases. Water purification can remove all the unnecessary bacteria and viruses from the water that is hazardous for our health. Water purification may also improve the flavor and appearance of water. It removes the unpleasant odor. Therefore, water purification became one of the most useful and popular process used by people all over the world today. It is by far the most recommended and safest water treatment that is commonly used to purify damaged water into consumable water. Water purification provides us with safe, pure and clean water to consume and use.