Method
Participants
There were 32 (22 female and 10 male) participants in this word recall experiment. Participants were of traditional and nontraditional college-age. The participants were from various academic majors; however, all participants were currently enrolled in one of three sections of an experimental psychology course. All of the experimental psychology students taking part in this experiment had previously completed a course in general psychology and psychological statistics earning a grade of “C” or better. The participants took part in the experiment as a learning experience for the class.
Materials
The experiment took place in a traditional classroom setting. Participants sat at one of three long tables, positioned in a u-shape, facing the front of the room. There was also a row of smaller desks behind the tables in which participants could sit. The experimenter used a series of 24 PowerPoint slides, which informed the participants of their role in the experiment. Consent forms were passed out to each participant. The consent form described how the experiment was not mandatory; therefore anyone wishing not to participate could simply return their consent form and exit the room.
Additionally, number “2” pencils were given to any participant who did not have one of their own.
A Gateway 2000 (E-1000) computer equipped with Microsoft PowerPoint was used to generate the slides. The slides were displayed on a Gateway 2000 35’ diagonal color computer monitor. The monitor was placed on top of a portable TV stand, positioned in the front of the room. Thirty words were used on the presentation slide. Fifteen of the words used were concrete words such as cat, string, and butter. The other fifteen words used were abstract words like pride, honor, and truth. The words on the presentation slide were set up into 3 columns of 10 words, each alternating between concrete and abstract. The words on the slides were white with a black background to ensure that all participants could easily view the slides. Arial font with a 32-point size was used. All text was in upper case letters, also for easier viewing.
The concrete and abstract words were chosen from a list of 925 words featured in Pavio, Yuille & Madigan (1968). The concreteness of all 925 words had been determined by asking subjects to rate the words on a likert scale of (1-7) (1= not very concrete, 7 = very concrete). The concrete words were composed of words with a concreteness value “C” of 6.
Altogether this study has helped us learn more about the brain and memory. Learning is measured thorough when a student can reiterate the right answer to a question. In this study, students in one conditions learned forging language vocabulary words in standard example of recurrent study exam trials. In three other conditions, once a student had correctly formed the language item, it was constantly studied but dropped from further testing. Repeatedly tested but dropped from the further study or just dropped from both the study and also the test. The results reveal the critical part of retrieval practice in combining education and shows that even college students seem naive of the fact.
The first study I reviewed was “Creating False Memories: Remembering Words Not Presented in Lists” by Roediger III and Kathleen B. McDermott. The study was published in 1995, in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition. Roediger and McDermott conducted two separate experiments in their study. The experiments were modeled after Deese’s 1959 study “On the Prediction of Occurrences of Particular Verbal Intrusions in Immediate Recall.” The results of Deese’s study concluded that participants falsely recalled a nonpresented critical lure 44% of the time. 36 students from Rice University participated in Roediger and McDermott’s first experiment. The students participated as part of a course project. The participants were presented with six lists that were developed from Deese’s study and Russell and Jenkins 1954 study “The complete Minnesota norms for responses to 100 words from the Kent-Rosanoff word association Test.” The six lists that were chosen for the Roediger and McDermott study were shown to elicit high rates of false recall in Deese’s study. The list contained 12 associated words that related to one nonpresented word. An example nonpresented word is chair, the 12 associated w...
Though vegetarianism was never a taboo subject as are some other controversial topics, The question of whether or not human beings should live off meat still is highly discussed amongst all types of people. Spiritual leaders, activists, scientists, and doctors have spoken up on behalf of their group’s opinion. Amongst the arguments of what is right when it comes to the food chain, resonating on many a mind is where the concept of vegetarian came from. Was it started as a religious virtue or a moral decision? Perhaps it was a forced lifestyle or a diet trend gone wrong (or right depending). Health wise, which is better for us? Educating ourselves by answering these questions helps us answer the, perhaps, most important question of all. Which lifestyle will we, as individuals, choose?
Why would aliens want to steal such usual things? Is it their plan to use our socks for galactic domination? Well, maybe not, but what else could explain the happening of a sock being on a couch one minute, and then gone a few minutes later? I believe that there is a simpler reason for this happening. I have a cat that is very playful. I watch her jumping around sometimes, and I was quite surprised a while back to see her actually pick up a sock in her mouth and drag it all the way down the stairs to the basement, where she then proceeded to drag it under the bed in the guest room. I looked under the bed afterwards and found three more socks. I also learned from babysitting that children have an odd fascination with taking socks. There is also the possibility that while you weren't looking, someone sat on your laundry pile and accidentally pushed some of your socks into the couch. I've found many a sock in its comfy folds. So, before you blame the poor aliens for taking your socks, I would suggest looking a little closer to home
The human brain consists of many subsystems within the long-term memory. One of which is episodic memory. Episodic Memory is the remembrance of a phenomenal personal experience in terms of what, when, and where. This memory begins by retrieving information such as, words, objects, or faces; using this knowledge the episodic memory finds links and slowly transitions into recalling the complete memoir. Research studies established by Herlitz, Nilsson, and Backman prove that sex differences favor women when it comes to episodic memory. In this research experiment these psychologists took about 1,000 applicants, both male and female, between ages of 35 – 80, and asked them to remember a list of words; the study showed that women outperformed men by 25 percent. Coming to the conclusion that, since women were able to recall more words than men they evidently had the better episodic memory.
Walters, Kerry S, and Lisa Portmess. Ethical Vegetarianism: From Pythagoras to Peter Singer. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999. Print.
These are three reasons why i think that swimming would benefit a student.First reason it would help them boost their metabolism and not only that but it would help them stay in shape not only that but also this too.But think it or not it helps you to keep burning calories.And it does not cause a injury because it is a life time healthy sport compare to other youth sports like soccer because in soccer you could injure you're foot and break a bone or even worse lose you're foot but in swimming you cant because they separate you and you're competitive with lines and you even feel calm and
In the research article “Test-Enhanced Learning” by Henry L. Roediger III, and Jeffrey D. Karpicke, the researchers set out to determine whether or not taking memory tests would improve retention for people over time. They hypothesized that performance where the participants were immediately tested would increase with the number chances to study the material. They also hypothesized that taking tests in a short time after studying would lead to greater retention on tests taken later compared to repeatedly studying the passages. There were two experiments to test their hypothesis. In the first experiment the participants in the experiments studied short passages on basic science. In Experiment 1, they either took a test on the material or studied
One of the latest and most controversial topics that has risen over the past five to ten years is whether or not drones should be used as a means of war, surveillance, and delivery systems. Common misconceptions usually lead to people’s opposition to the use of drones; which is the reason it is important for people to know the facts about how and why they are used. Wartime capabilities will provide for less casualties and more effective strikes. New delivery and surveillance systems in Africa, the United Air Emirates and the United States will cut costs and increase efficiency across the board. Rules and regulations on drones may be difficult to enforce, but will not be impossible to achieve. The use of drones as weapons of war and delivery and surveillance systems should not be dismissed because many people do not realize the real capabilities of drones and how they can be used to better the world through efficient air strikes, faster delivery times, and useful surveillance.
My first pro is that it is the only activity that works every muscle in your body. Swimming works your heart, lungs, legs, arms, core, back. It also works upper body, and lower body parts we don't use daily. Another benefit of being on a swim team is that it helps relieve stress and anxiety. Swimming will burn a lot of energy including nervous energy. The first con is that you cannot do it anywhere unlike other sports such as soccer or football. With the sport of swimming, you need a pool to practice in. Unless you have your own pool you need to go to a public facility to practice.
A lot of countries all over the world depend on technological advances to fight against their opponents. This reduced the risk of having a soldier wounded or dying in a war by making it easier with using these technologies when it comes to head to head combat. Even though using technologies are a great idea but many ethical issues arise from it. One of the main issue is the use of these Drones. This technology is developing more and more. In a recent study showed that there are over 700 active drone development all over the world and these programs are controlled under companies, research institutes, and the government. United States is mainly using these drones to fight against so called “terrorist” but some other countries use them as well. It is immoral and unethical to use these drones because it cause psychological disorders, violate privacy, cause deaths of innocent lives, and increase terrorism. (Reardon)
According to research study, it reported that baby swimmers develop better movement and balance and grasping techniques compared to non- swimmers and therefore these are motor developments. According to another research conducted by Griffith University, it shows that the children under the age of five who are involved in swimming lessons were discovered to be more advanced in their cognitive and physical development and also shows further benefits into social and language development (Whitehead). In addition, this study also reported that when young children are engaged in swimming, the high water resistance enables to strengthen the muscles compared to playing on the floor since swimming is considered to activate large portion of children’s muscles. Furthermore, children who take early swimming lessons tend to adapt to new situations very fast and develop more self-confidence and independence than non-swimmers. Swim class normally facilitates interaction and integration of many children thus offering abundant opportunities for children to socialize amongst themselves and explore movement together since a child learns through observing and imitating what others are doing. However, this group enables the child to develop self-esteem gradually through a sense of belonging
One of the benefits of being part of the College of the Canyon swim team is the fact that swimming is an extremely healthy sport. Swimming is an extremely healthy sport it is a non-contact sport which is healthy for the body because the athlete is less likely to get severely injured or have permanent injuries unlike sports such as basketball and football. Another, benefit of swimming helps with strengthening. Swimmers are very healthy athletes because they constantly do cardio which allows them to be in good healthy shape, have fast metabolisms, have an incredibly strong core which results in them being stronger and leaner than most athletes. Unlike, sports like football they make the athlete bigger and stronger but, that can be damaging
For several years the issue of eating meat has been a great concern to all types of people all over the world. In many different societies controversy has began to arise over the morality of eating meat from animals. A lot of the reasons for not eating meat have to deal with religious affiliations, personal health, animal rights, and concern about the environment. Vegetarians have a greater way of expressing meats negative effects on the human body whereas meat eaters have close to no evidence of meat eating being a positive effect on the human body. Being a vegetarian is more beneficial for human beings because of health reasons, environmental issues, and animal rights.
Learning to swim always seem to be a difficult skill for me. The difficult part was overcoming my fears of a potential drowning, never learning the skill or technique properly. The importance of learning how to swim will increase my fate, confidence, and stamina. Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, especially during the summer. There are techniques and benefits from swimming, in which, is a formalized sport of features local, international, and national competitions.