1. Einleitung
Die folgende Hausarbeit befasst sich mit dem Urheberrechtsgesetz bzw. mit den darin enthaltenen Leistungsschutzrechten, in der Literatur auch Nachbarrechte oder verwandte Schutzrechte genannt.
Die Rechte der Urheber und damit auch die Rechte der Leistungsschutzberechtigten wurden in den letzten Jahren, aktuell durch die Urheberrechtsnovelle von 2003 sukzessive ausgeweitet. Damit wurde der Durchsetzung moderner Kommunikationsmittel in allen Lebensbereichen und dem gewachsenen Gewicht der Kulturwirtschaft Rechnung getragen.
Mit den Leistungsschutzrechten wird nicht der Werkschöpfer geschützt, sondern solch eine Leistung, die in einem mehr oder weniger engen Zusammenhang mit der Werkschöpfung steht.
Im ersten Teil meiner Arbeit werde ich die Rechte und die Leistungsschutzberechtigten charakterisieren, um dann jeweils auf die einzelnen geschützten Gruppen und ihre Rechte einzugehen.
Im weiteren Verlauf werde ich auf die Ansprüche der Berechtigten eingehen, um abschließend den Blick auf die Zukunft des Urheberrechts und den damit verbundenen Leistungsschutzrechten zu richten.
2. Entstehung des Urheberrechts und der Leistungsschutzrechte
Das Urheberrechtsgesetz hat sich aus dem Gesetz betreffend das Urheberrecht an Werken der Literatur und der Tonkunst (LUG) von 1901 und dem Gesetz betreffend das Urheberrecht an Werken der bildenden Kunst und Photographie (KUG) von 1907 entwickelt. Die erste Fassung des Urheberrechtsgesetzes (UrhG), wie wir es heute kennen, trat am 9.9.1966 in Kraft. In den folgenden Jahren war die Entwicklung des Urheberrechtssystems eine sehr dynamische, was sich in mehr als 20 konsolidierten Fassungen bis zum heutigen Tag niedergeschlagen hat. Die letzte große Änderung des UrhG war die Urheberrechtnovelle von 2003.
Die Leistungsschutzrechte haben sich im Laufe der Entwicklung des Urheberrechts herausgebildet, und dies besonders seit der Konferenz von Rom zur Revision der Berner Übereinkunft, die 1928 stattfand. Es wurden immer mehr auch Leistungen als schutzbedürftig angesehen, die zwar keine Werkschöpfung im Sinne des Urheberrechts darstellten, aber dennoch einer schöpferischen Tätigkeit entsprangen.
Besonderen Auftrieb für die Gesetzgebungsarbeit an Leistungsschutzrechten gab das Internationale Abkommen über den Schutz der ausübenden Künstler, der Hersteller von Tonträgern und der Sendeunternehmen, das sogenannte Rom-Abkommen vom 26.10.1961.
Hierbei muss beachtet werden, dass es kein Leistungsschutzrecht im Sinne eines umfassenden oder einheitlichen Rechts gibt, vielmehr handelt es sich um die Summe einzelner, getrennt abtretbarer Befugnisse.
3. Charakterisierung der Rechte und der Leistungsschutzberechtigten
Die Auswahl der Leistungsschutzberechtigten scheint mehr oder weniger willkürlich. Nur die §§ 71, 73, 81 UrhG sehen vor, dass ein urheberrechtlich schutzfähiges Werk verwertet wird. Die übrigen Leistungsschutzrechte haben zwar häufig, jedoch nicht unbedingt die Verwertung einer Werkschöpfung zum Gegenstand.
Auch die durch die §§ 70 ff. geschützten Leistungen unterschieden sich: Werden durch die §§ 73 ff.
Gunther, G. (1991). Constitutional Law. Twelfth Edition. New York: The Foundation Press, Inc. pp. 1154-1161.
"The Universal Declaration of Human Rights." The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada, n.d. Web. 03 May 2014.
"Universal Declaration of Human Rights." Amnesty International USA - Protect Human Rights. 19 May 2009 .
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UN General Assembly, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 10 December 1948, 217 A (III), available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3712c.html [accessed 9 March 2014]
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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 10 December 1948, was the result of the experience of the Second World War. With the end of that war, and the creation of the United Nations, the international community vowed never again to allow atrocities like those of that conflict happen again. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and rel...
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Tasioulas believes that two things that will help explain the criteria for rights lies in possibility and burden. This saying that it is understood that there are cases that interest cannot fulfill duty for many reasons, but it needs to be met at times to let human interests further contribute to human rights. If it is possible to meet the duties needed next you must consider the burden it places on the bearer and on the society as a whole. Tasioulas concludes, “if it can be successfully executed, the interest-based account of human rights promises to make sense of the phenomenon that eluded Wolterstorff: the status of the right-holder as the ultimate source of the moral claim embodied in his rights.” All this to say that there are foundations to human
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"The Nuremberg Laws: Background & Overview." Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. .
Topic 1: Unalienable rights are rights each individual should have, such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; these rights are declared to be natural and inherent. Nobody has the right to our services...
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