11. Yellow Journalism- The cartoon “Hogan’s Alley” depicted a tenement urchin, “The Yellow Kid,” who mocked upper-class customs and wore a yellow gown. When THE JOURNAL matched THE WORLD in color print, the author of the cartoon switched newspapers. The ensuing dispute gave rise to “yellow journalism” (unprincipled journalism) and led to the recruitment of countless newsboys in a bid to increase sales. The biggest yellow journalists were Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst (“Please remain. You furnish the pictures. I’ll furnish the war.”)
17. Bohemian Thinkers- Many of these “thinkers” lived in Greenwich Village, NYC. They supported Freudian psychoanalysis, rejected traditional sexual traditions, and the Victorian life. This group included Isadore Duncan; the Ashcan artists (Henri, Sloan, and Luk); Eugene O’Neill, the playwright; Margaret Sanger, early supporter of birth control. Their influence was limited because they didn’t involve themselves in the reform movement. Their attitude was “do as I say, not as I do.”
21. Spanish-American War- The Spanish-American War was fought in 1898. The causes of this war were American concern for Cuban independence; the rise of yellow journalism; American business interests in Cuba; the DeLome letter, which was written by the Spanish Foreign Minister and criticized President McKinley; and the sinking of the USS Maine, which sank in the Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898 and was blamed on the Spanish. The war was declared on April 10, 1898 and the treaty was signed on April 17, 19—(I wrote the wrong year and have to go back and look it up, sorry!)
23. Theodore Roosevelt- Theodore Roosevelt, the first Progressive Era president and former governor of New York, was an outgoing outdoorsman who was full of life. He was also known as the “Trust-buster,” but didn’t believe that big corporations should be broken up indiscriminately. Regulation seemed the better approach to him. With Roosevelt’s “Square Deal”, TR had the government intervene in the United Mine Worker’s strike in 1902, and the sides soon settled. He continued and succeeded in reforms in railroads with the Hepburn Bill that strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission (regulates RR). The Pure Food & Drug Act was passed also. The one area for which he is most famous is in conservation. Roosevelt was the first president to win a noble prize, and he lived at Sagamore Hill, NY.
30. William Jennings Bryan- William Jennings Bryan was the fundamentalists lawyer who was involved the Scopes Trial of the 1920’s.
Ultima, an elderly curandera, teaches a young boy about herbal remedies by gathering plants growing in the llano to cure the sick. She uses herbs like juniper, yerba del manso, oregano, manzanilla, and osha. Juniper can be used for nausea, headaches, and even some bug bites. It is also used for ceremonial fires. “Of all the plants we gathered none was endowed with so much magic as the yerba del manso” (Anya 39). Yerba del manso could cure burns, sores, piles, colic in babies, bleeding dysentery, and even rheumatism. Oregano can be used for coughs, fever, asthma, and bronchitis. “We wandered on and found some oregano, and we gathered plenty because this was not only a cure for coughs and fever but a spice my mother used for beans and meat" (Anya 40). Ultima also gathers an herb called manzanilla. Manzanilla is used to calm anxiety and settle stomachs. It also eases heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. Ultima uses it to cure a man’s mollera illness. “We were also lucky to find some osha, because this plant grows better in the mountains . It is like yerba del manso, a cure for everything” (Anya 40). Osha helps with coughs, colds, cuts, bruises, stomach troubles and rheumatism. It can also keep poisonous snakes
In February 2002, the House of Commons passed the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA). The Act came into effect in April 2003, replacing the Young Offenders Act (Mapleleaf). The new legislation attempts to balance the legalistic framework of the Young Offenders Act and the social needs approach underlying the Juvenile Delinquents Act. This goal is apparent in the Declaration of Principle stating th...
When our thoughts turn to the criminal justice system it is only a natural instinct to assume everyone associated with policing, courts, and corrections will have to deal with juveniles sometime in their career. Young people in today’s society can be so easily influenced by social situations, peer pressure, and family members. The courts in the United States are faced with difficult decisions on a daily basis. Sentencing juveniles to adult facilities for their crimes is becoming a common trend in the justice system today; however it is not a deterrent whatsoever. “The current policies of juvenile bind over to adult criminal court and severe sentencing have been unsuccessful
Along with reforms by citizens the presidents of the Progressive era also fought to make things right. President Roosevelt was a war hero, and a great leader of the United States. During his role as...
... parliament has enhanced its Extrajudicial Measures, ensured effective reintegration of a young person once released from custody while creating more jobs and lowering crime re-offending rates and provided much needed clarification on sentencing options giving better guide lines to courts. Although The Youth Criminal Justice Act remains a very important acts with a lot of improvements there are still many problems contained within the act that are still to be improved. With this closing I must insist on posing the following question, Will there ever be a non problematic piece of legislation? One can only envision the answer, for now that is.
The inappropriate or unnecessary use of incarceration is “expensive, ineffective, and inhumane,” and initiates a “cycle of juvenile reoffending” (Bala et. al, 2009). A study conducted by Mann (2014) exemplifies this cycle of youth reoffending. The youth interviewed demonstrated that despite a stay in sentenced custody, the threat of future punishment was not enough to deter from future offences. Cook and Roesch (2012) demonstrate that youth have developmental limitations that can impair their involvement in the justice system; for example, not understanding their sentencing options properly or their competence to stand trial. Therefore, deterrence as a justification for youth incarceration is ineffective, as incarceration proves to be not a strong enough deterrent. Alternative methods such as extrajudicial measures and community-based sanctions were considered more effective (Cook & Roesch,
A movement has started in our country to renovate the juvenile justice system. This movement wants to erase any differences between young offenders and adult criminals. Almost all fifty states have changed their juvenile justice laws, allowing more youths to be tried as adults...
To start with, what is the meaning of the Single Market? According to European Commission website, Single Market indicates the EU as one territory that has no internal borders or any other controlling complications that lead to the free movement of booth services and goods (The European Single Market - European Commission, 2017). According to the same source, single market has great benefits. It encourages competition and trade, increases efficiency, promotes quality, as well as helps in cutting the prices. In addition, the same source considers the European Single Market as one of the EU’s ultimate accomplishments that powered the economic growth and made the everyday life of European businesses and consumers easier (The European Single Market - European Commission, 2017).
The YCJA teaches youth that their actions were unacceptable but there will still be consequences without giving them heavy jail time. One way that the government does this is through “conferencing”. Conferencing allows youth to participate in a program with the victim and the victim’s family members to learn about the consequences of their behavior and to develop ways to make amends. Typically, a conference would bring together in an informal setting the offender, his or her family, the victim, and the victim’s supporters. An open discussion about the offence and its impact would then begin with a resolution being determined at the end a simple apology might even be the end result. The idea of conferencing came from family group conferencing practiced in New Zealand and Australia as well as aboriginal circle sentencing. In 1997, the House of Commons Justice Committee suggested that the youth criminal justice system adopt conferencing as a sentencing option. Conferencing is highly beneficial to the offender because it gives them an opportunity to see first ...
Theodore Roosevelt was the first Progressive President of the United States. He was a very energetic reformer, who used his personality to get things done. Roosevelt was known to get rid of unfair business practices (trustbuster), to regulate railroads, to protect consumers, and was also known to protect natural resources. He wanted to enforce his “Square Deal” to make everyone have an opportunity to succeed. According to large business leaders, Roosevelt was a trustbuster. Powerful companies violated the Sherman Antitrust Act, cheated the public, and did not care for their workers. Roosevelt felt that large companies, like Northern Securities, were hurting the economy, and he wanted to control their trusts so that there were no ...
Vandergoot determines that the reasoning capacity of an adolescent, the ability to make legal decisions, and filter unnecessary information is unclear to a juvenile in the justice system; the vagueness of youth stepping into the courts prevents them from fully participating in the justice system. ( Vandergoot, 2006). As a result of this impreciseness youth encounter Vandergoot concludes a separate justice system allocated for youth to adhere to adolescent needs. Vandergoot discusses the Youth Criminal Justice Act a justice system devised to adhere to youth needs. She summarizes the system that benefits young offenders in contrast to adult offenders. Vandergoot concludes “the goals of the youth legislation…its major objectives are reducing the use of incarceration for young offenders…the YCJA emphasizes restraint, accountability, proportionality, and discretion… it encourages use of extra judicial measures” ( Vandergoot, 2006, p30). Vandergoot determines that the objectives of the Youth Criminal Justice Act is in the interest of youth, however, she accounts for the long term effect on adolescence as well. Vandergoot concludes the emotional and social consequences as youth interact with the system. Vandergoot claims the system leaves juveniles “debased”, suffering an “assault on their self-image”, that “block or snares in the adolescent psyche”, ultimately lowering their motivation and self-esteem which advances youth to have the “they think I’m bad I’ll show them I’m bad” mentality(Vandergoot, 2006). The mentality that derives from direct encounters with the youth justice system, often damages the adolescence completely disregarding the purpose of a youth justice system. Mary Vandergoot’s Justice for Young Offenders Their Needs, Our Responses clearly emphasizes the need
Youth and juvenile crime is a common and serious issue in current society, and people, especially parents and educators, are pretty worried about the trend of this problem. According to Bala and Roberts, around 17% of criminals were youths, compared to 8% of Canadian population ranging between 12 to 18 years of age between 2003 and 2004 (2006, p37). As a big federal country, Canada has taken a series of actions since 1908. So far, there are three justice acts in the history of Canadian juvenile justice system, the 1908 Juvenile Delinquents Act, the 1982 Young Offenders Act, and the 2003 Youth Criminal Justice Act. In Canada, the judicial system and the principle of these laws have been debated for a long time. This paper will discuss how these three laws were defined and why one was replaced by another.
Taken at face value, Norman Mailer’s Armies of the Night and Tom Wolfe’s The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test may seem very similar. They are both centered on a major author of the 1960s and his experiencing of historical events of the time, while set in the style of New Journalism. When examined closer, though, it becomes apparent that these novels represent two very different sides of New Journalism – Armies of the Night an autobiography with personal and political motivations, The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test a sociological piece which tries to capture the essence of its subjects rather than the absolute facts. By looking at the form and style which the novels were written in and the motives behind Mailer’s Armies of the Night and Wolfe’s The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test it is revealed how these novels represent the two major directions which New Journalism can take.
The dilemma of juvenile incarceration is a problem that thankfully has been declining, but still continues to be an ethical issue. The de-incarceration trend has coincided with a decrease in crime. It is hopeful that our nation is changing the approach to the treatment of juveniles in the criminal justice system. It means we know what to do and what is working, now just to follow through and continue the change to creating a juvenile justice system that is truly rehabilitative and gives youth tools to be able to be positive members of
The Spanish-American War began in 1898 when the United States congress approved President McKinley’s declaration of war on Spain after the explosion of the symbolic U.S.S. Maine in the Havana harbor of Cuba, and the loss of many American lives; the assumption was that Spain purposely blew up the American ship that was there to return Americans from Cuba to the United States. America also declared war on Spain because it was not able to control peace or stability in any of its countries, there were many Americans living in Cuba complaining about the brutal treatment by Spain, and because the United States had a stable economic relationship with Cuba, so it didn’t want Cuba’s economy to be ruined or its association with the country to collapse. However, Spain was already receiving revolts from the countries it possessed and imposed rule over long before the war with the United States began. The significance of this war was that Spain was treating the people in countries such as Cuba and the Philippines very brutally, and America wanted to remain neutral and did not want to join the conflict. However, as time passed and battleships and soldiers were deployed to help regulate conflict in these countries American aid was attacked and these actions angered America and caused for the declaration of war. A few main factors that are believed to have caused the Spanish-American War include: U.S. support and sympathy of Cuban independence, the commercial business interest the U.S. had in Cuba, and the attack of the U.S. battleship, U.S.S. Maine. Interpretations regarding historians and their thoughts on the causes of the Spanish-American War include economic interests, imperialist desires, and sympathy for Cuba and the Philippines. The U.S...