TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ................................................................................................pg. 2
Factors Creating the Demand For Secondary Storage ............................pg. 2
Why Buy Optical ........................................................................................pg. 3
CD Physical Characteristics.......................................................................pg. 4
How Does a CD Work.................................................................................pg 5
What is a CD-R............................................................................................pg 5
What is CD-RW...........................................................................................pg 5
How Does A CD-RW Work .......................................................................pg. 5
Advantages of CD-RW ..............................................................................pg. 5
DVD.............................................................................................................pg 6
DVD VS. CD...............................................................................................pg 6
Glossary ......................................................................................................pg 7
Questions ....................................................................................................
INTRODUCTION
The use of optical storage continues to grow at an incredible pace. The word optical in the computer industry refers to any storage method which uses a laser to store and retrieve data from media. This term includes such devices as CD-ROM , rewritable optical, WORM, CD-R, and optical jukeboxes or autochangers.
Most of us are familiar with CD-ROM, but other terms such as rewritable optical, WORM, and CD-R, may be foreign. Rewritable optical devices use media that allows data to be written repeatedly, while WORM technology writes data permanently to disk. CD-R , stores information permanently to a compact disc and is read on low-cost CD-ROM drives. These devices are currently sold as single or standalone items.
The continuing development of optical technology has opened up many new avenues and created limitless possibilities. Migration software now allows unused data to be moved from its original location to an optical device where it resides until it is needed. Since the only thing that touches the media is the laser, it is the most durable way to store and archive data. Optical storage solutions are also used in a wide variety of applications such as document timing, records retention, backup systems, and desktop publishing.
FACTORS CREATING THE DEMAND FOR SECONDARY STORAGE
Because of its high capacity, low cost, durability, and random access to large amounts of networked information, secondary storage satisfies an essential need of data intensive organizations. This need for secondary storage arises from a number of factors:
Digital convergence. The move towards graphical user interfaces and the success of operating systems, such as Windows, Windows 95, and Windows NT, have resulted in a significant increase in the average size of a stored document. Industry estimates indicate that the average document size has grown almost tenfold (PC Magazine, 03/10/98, "To Write or Rewrite?")
The information superhighway. The explosive growth of on line services, led by the Internet, has resulted in unprecedented use of such services to reach potentially huge new customer base.
Another consideration for the need of reliable secondary storage is the increasing cost of managing storage on network servers. According to Strategic Research Corporation, as storage requirements explode, organizations are finding that the cost of managing the storage is almost four times the cost of the actual storage due to server downtime, backup procedures, and hard disk failures.
After the Democrats regained power in Texas they undid the 1969 hated acts and submitted the Constitution of 1876 in which the state of Texas still operates under today. The Constitution is made up of 17 articles, 491 amendments and about 36,000 words. Where as the United States Constitution is only made up of 7,400 words counting the amendments. Over the years the Constitution began to add many unnecessary laws making it look very unprofessional. It is understood these laws were made for a reason at one point but they aren 't needed any longer. Those laws are just taking up space and making the Constitution look disorganized. The Texas Constitution needs to be re-written and modified to fit this era. Despite having no problems with Texas current constitution, it should be re-written because it needs to fit this era, it limits governors executive power, and its
Jem had changed throughout the story from acting like a child and doing things that children do to becoming more mature and taking part in the community. When Dill had ran away from his mom and stepdad during the summer Jem and Scout had found him under the bed in Scout’s room. Scout was planning to hide him in her room: however, Jem had other plans. “Dill’s eyes flickered at Jem and Jem looked at the floor. Then he rose and broke the remaining code of our childhood. He went out of the room and down the hall. “Atticus, can you come here a minute, sir?” (pg. 74) For years, Jem and Dill had been the best of friends. Dill had found Jem trustworthy, however, Jem was willing to do what was right even if it means losing a friends trust. Towards the end of the summer, when Dill was getting ready to leave Jem felt that it was necessary that Dill should learn to swim. He has spent the next week going to the creek to teach him. "Jem had discovered with angry amazement that nobody had ever bothered to teach Dill how to swim, a skill Jem considered necessary as walking. They had spent two afternoons at the creek, they said they were going in ...
It is surprising to know that in the span of 49 years, Texas went through seven different constitutions reflecting the changes of time. Every experience Texas went through made the constitution more and more detailed and showed more distrust in the government. However, time has changed Texas from an agricultural world to a technological world and yet the Constitution of 1876 remains the law of the state. Although Texas endured the Civil War and the Reconstruction period after the Constitution of 1845 was ratified, the Constitution of 1876 was drafted from the Constitution of 1845.
For almost fifty years, from 1827 to 1876, seven constitutions were adopted and implemented for Taxes and each one has its set of laws and contained specific ways, aimed at correcting the deficiencies and drawbacks of the previously adopted order. The Constitution of 1876 is the sixth one, which set the rules and laws for Texas government since the state has achieved its independence from Mexico in 1836. The constitution established the principles of Texas Democratic Government and specified the laws, which were applied to the three branches of government: legislative, juridical and executive.
The American way of living and thinking in Texas have changed tremendously over the past century. Political ideals are one thing that changes with time, and have transformed with the changing times well. The Texas constitution of 1876 was a landmark for the state and has been part of the state’s history since then. The Texas constitution of 1876 is still in use today but with all its harsh restrictions it is considered one of the most confusing of all the state constitutions. The constitution became one of the most prominent changes to Texas education system and politics.
The first constitution of Texas adopted on March 1, 1836 opens with these words, “We, the people of Texas, in order to form a Government, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense and general welfare; and to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves, and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution”. (“Constitution of Republic of Texas” pp. 9-25.) Created in 1836, the first Constitution of the Republic of Texas was born. Fearful of attack by Mexican troops, fifty nine delegates, borrowing from other State Constitutions and the United States Constitution, met at the Washington-on-the-Brazos to write the first Constitution for Texas as an independent unitary body of Government. (Haag and Keith p. 37) Consisting of a preamble, six articles, a schedule, general provisions, and a declaration of rights, the first constitution of Texas incorporated some of the following provisions, “a bicameral legislature, separation of powers, an executive and judiciary branch of government, freedom of religion, recognition of slavery, a system of checks and balances, a definition of a citizen that excluded Africans, Indians, and their descendents, adult male suffrage, property rights, and an amendment process”. (Haag and Keith p. 37)
The Texas Constitution provides for the division of power and integration of Bill of Rights to the constituents of the State of Texas. The Texas Constitution is made up of a preamble, seventeen articles, and an appendix. The current Constitution was written on November 26, 1875, and adopted February 15, 1876, it is also the eighth constitution to be adopted by the State of Texas. Similar to the United States Constitution the Texas Constitution contains a preamble as follows, “Humbly invoking the blessing of Almighty God, the people of the State of Texas do ordain and establish this Constitution” (Tex. Const., pmbl).
The state of Texas has had six constitutions. The Constitution of the Republic of Texas was written in 1836 between the fall of the Alamo Mission in San Antonio and Sam Houston's stunning victory at San Jacinto. The constitution was written quickly and while on the run from Santa Anna. It was written by George Childress along with Sam Houston. .The Texas Constitution is the second longest constitution in the United States, and one of the oldest still in effect. Since the constitution has been adopted it has been amended 439 times and consists of seventeen amendments.
Culture is one of the most complicated words in the English language (Williams, 1983). The word organization culture was introduced by Pettigrew (1979) however the term was widely spread due to the work of Deal and Kennedy (1982). It was at the beginning of the 1980s after the publication of the Business Week article on corporate cultures when various scholars began paying attention to the concept of organization culture and since then thousands of definitions came to life. The term is used to describe the pattern of values, norms, attitudes, shared believes and assumptions that may have not been articulated but that shape the way employees behave and how things get done in an organization. (Armstrong, 2014).
Linking with the above definition, organizational culture can also be indicates by Brown (1998) as the kind of beliefs, values, and learned ways of subsist with experience that have established during the course of an organization background, and which suppose to be explicit in its material arrangements and the members behaviours. In Schein (1992), organizational culture is extremely difficult to change, outlasting organizational products, services and other attributes of the organization. In general, there has one ar...
As I have stated, managers have the daunting task of encompassing many different concepts into their decision-making process. Understanding behavior is one thing but understanding how the culture of an organization influences the behavior of an organization is another. Organizational culture is a collective belief system of ethics, norms and values that influence its member's actions (Schermerhorn et al, 2005). Organizational culture is the rules that hold a company together by setting behavior standards either written or implied, and stem from experiences that allow us to decide what we deem important. The word culture is from the Latin root colere, meaning to inhabit, cultivate or honor (Wikipedia, 2005). Each of these meanings can be applied to the organizational sense of culture, because we exist, grow, and respect as members of a group.
There seems to be wide agreement that organizational culture refers to a system of' shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations. This system of shared meaning is, on closer examination, a set of key characteristics that the organization values. Recent research suggests that seven primary characteristics, in aggregate, capture the essence of an organization's culture.
The structural-functionalist perspective looks at society as a complex system composed of various parts much like a living organism. Each aspect of society contributes to society's functioning as a whole. Social institutions play a key role in keeping a society stable. All societies need certain things to survive (Newman 2010).
Culture is the accepted norms and values and traditional behavior of a group. Simply put, it is “the way we do things around here” (Lundy & Cowling, 1996). In business, culture can be defined as an evolving set of collective beliefs, values and attitudes that drive a company. It is a key component in the success of a business. In fact, it has an impact on the strategic direction of business. It influences the behavior, the management, the decisions and all the business functions from accounting to production (Kom, 2015). It is a topic that is familiar in work place to all employees. It builds the behavior and relationship inside the enterprise. A new employee for example, might learn and fit in that organizational culture to be successful. Culture in that case, according to Michael Watkins, acts
Fragility of the media: The digital materials are stored on is inherently unstable and without suitable storage conditions and management can deteriorate very quickly even though it may not appear to be damaged externally.