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social and cultural effects of under eating disorder
biological, psychological, and social factors associated with anorexia nervosa
biological, psychological, and social factors associated with anorexia nervosa
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• Petrie, Trent A. and Rogers, Rebecca L. Psychological correlates of anorexia and bulimic symptomatology. Journal of Counseling and Development. Volume 79. Spring. 01 pgs. 178-185.
Purpose: This study investigated the connection between eating disorder symptomatology and several psychological correlates-obsessiveness, dependency, over controlled hostility, assertiveness, locus of control, and self-esteem. Regression analyses indicated that obsessiveness and 2 factors of dependency accounted for 21% of the variance in a measure of anorexia attitudes and behaviors. One factor of dependency and obsessiveness accounted for 20% of the variance in a measure of bulimic symptomatology.
Subjects: Participants were 97 female undergraduates solicited from a large, southwestern university. The mean age of participants was 22. 17 years (SD=5.61). For race/ethnicity, 72% identified themselves as Caucasian or non-Hispanic, 10% Asian American, 7% African American, 7% Hispanic, 2% Native American, and 1% as “Other.” Thirty-three percent of participants classified themselves as freshmen, 13% as sophomores, 25% as juniors, and 27% as seniors. The majority stated they were single, never married (72%). Mean body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) of participants was 22. 23 (SD=3.83).
Instruments: Anorexic symptomatology, The 40-item EAT (Garner and Garfinkel, 1979) assesses psychological and behavioral symptoms associated with anorexia. For each item, individuals indicated the degree to which it applies to them on a 6-point scale ranging from always to never. Although there are 6 responses options, items are scored as follows: 3 points for the most extreme anorexic response, 2 points for the next most extreme response, and 1 point for the next, the remaining responses are scored as 0. A total score is obtained by summing points and may range from 0, no anorexic symptomatology, to 120, high degree of anorexic symptomatology. Bulimic Symptomatology. The 36-item Bulimia Test Revised (BULIT-R; Thelen, Farmer, Wonderlich, and Smith, 1991; Thelen, Mintz, and Vander Wal, 1996) measures symptoms of bulimia, based on criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994). Obsessiveness. The 70-item Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Questionnaire (LOI-Q; Snowdon, 1980) is a self-report inventory that was based on the individually administered Leyton Obsessional Inventory (Cooper, 1970). The LOI-Q consists of four subscales: Obsessional Symptom, Obsessional Trait, Resistance, and Interference, The Resistance and Interference, and Interference. The Resistance and Interference Subscales seem to measure a general level Interference subscales seem to measure a general level of psychological distress and were not used in the present investigation. The Obsessional Symptom subscale measures chronic thoughts and feeling that are ego-systonic and often result in compulsive behaviors used to decrease anxiety associated with resisting these thoughts and feelings.
left behind. This is some of a poem that one of my friends from my support group had shared on the first day. But I shouldn't get to far ahead of myself, my name is Ender Olson, and I suffer from a very serious disorder, it is called anorexia. Some may say that anorexia is not that serious, but it changed my life, and many others. It started around when I was 13, I had never really had to worry about my weight, I had a fast digestive system, and I never seemed to gain weight. But when I hit puberty
"Anorexia Nervosa" Bizarre, devastating, and baffling are three words that describe the anorexia nervosa disease. By definition, anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continue to starve themselves. The term "anorexia nervosa" literally means nervous lose of appetite. People with the disorder are suppressing a strong desire to eat, because they are afraid of becoming fat. Anorexia is characterized
Anorexia nervosa is an illness that can control the mind. Anorexia nervosa is an illness that usually occurs in teenage girls, but it can also occur in teenage boys as well as adult women and men. People with the disease anorexia are obsessed with being thin. They lose weight excessively and are terrified of gaining weight. They believe they are fat even though in reality they are not fat at all; in fact they are very thin. Anorexia is not just a problem with food or weight. It is an attempt to use
INTRODUCTION Anorexia Nervosa is a mental condition which affects one’s both physical and mental health. It is a condition that causes one to have a distorted self-image and forces themselves to starve even if their body weight is already dangerously low. They often restrict their food intake to the point where they are extremely thin. Anorexia is found to occur most often in women, especially those who are aged 15 to 35. There have been cases reported as early as the age of 7 and as late as the
Anorexia Nervosa Have you ever felt fat or self-conscious about the way you looked? These are questions that we may ask ourselves everyday, but anorexics ask themselves these questions every minute of everyday. Questions like this haunt an anorexic’s conscience and ruin the way she/he perceives herself/himself. Anorexia is a very dangerous mental illness because it has many life- threatening effects. Anorexia is not a choice to be made. It is brought on by many pressures to be thin and it clouds
Anorexia The purpose for this paper is to inform myself more on eating disorders since its becoming such an important issue in our society. REVIEW: DIETING: Dieting is currently at epidemic proportions. According to Hobbs and Johnson’s(1996) study, by the age of 18, more than fifty percent of girls perceive themselves as being too fat, despite having a normal weight. Anorexia nervosa is estimated to occur in 0.2 to 1.3 percent of the population, with annual incidence of five to ten cases
Anerexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa is a potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by a lack of self-esteem, an intense fear of becoming obese, and self-induced starvation due to a distorted body image (Durham, 1991). Anorexia can occur later in life, but it is most common in girls between the ages of fourteen and eighteen. According to the Center for Change, recent estimates suggest that 1% of Americans within this age range will, to some degree, develop anorexia and 10-20% will eventually
Anorexia The World Book Encyclopedia defines anorexia as, "one who avoids food for psychological reasons". Most "experts" believe that those who suffer from anorexia are starving themselves to avoid growing into adults. It is also common knowledge among these experts that anorexics "want to gain attention and a sense of being special". People say that anorexia doesn't stop at affecting the victim at hand; instead, it surpasses the anorexic. Which means that anorexia affects the personality
Why does food become a deadly enemy for some people? Well, society continues to send the message to young women and even to a small number young men (more and more men are becoming victims of eating disorders these days) that to be happy and successful one must be thin, which causes them to starv and/or binge and purge themselves in an attempt to gain what the media considers an ideal figure. The media is full of "toothpick" thin models, in which women desire to be like. Women often need to be in
A variation of Anorexia, Bulimia ranges from excessive food intake, to an out of control compulsive cycle of binge eating where extraordinary amounts of any available food, usually of high carbohydrate content, may be consumed. Once having gorged, the victims are overcome with the urge to rd themselves of what they hate eaten by purging themselves, usually by vomiting, and sometimes by massive doses of laxatives. Between these obsessive bouts, most are able to accept some nutrition. Whereas the anorexic
Anorexia nervosa is a life threatening eating disorder defined by a refusal to maintain fifteen percent of a normal body weight through self-starvation (NAMI 1). Ninety-five percent of anorexics are women between the ages of twelve and eighteen, however, “…in the past twenty years, this disorder has become a growing threat to high school and college students”(Maloney and Kranz 60). Anorexia produces a multitude of symptoms, and if not treated, anorexia can lead to permanent physical damage or death
Anorexia and Bulimia: A Concise Overview As many as 20% of females in their teenage and young adult years suffer from anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa (Alexander-Mott, 4). Males are also afflicted by these eating disorders, but at a much lower rate, with a female to male ratio of six to one. Those with anorexia nervosa refuse to maintain a normal body weight by not eating and have an intense fear of gaining weight. People with bulimia nervosa go through periods of binge eating and then purging
Thesis Statement: Anorexia Nervosa effects a person both physically and mentally. Anorexia represents one percent of most prevalent eating disorder diseases. The word anorexia itself means, “ lack of appetite”. Anorexia is an all-encompassing pursuit of thinness. The person effected by Anorexia has an absolute fear of becoming obese (Matthew 4). Approximately one percent of adolescent girls develops Anorexia Nervosa, a dangerous condition in which they can literally starve themselves to death
Anorexia and Bulimia AREA This documentary primarily focuses on the existence of Eating Disorders amongst teenagers worldwide. Although this is not a new development, in recent years the increase in popularity and availability of the Internet has brought about a new 'culture' to which these troubled teenagers are subscribing - this 'culture' is that of the 'pro-anorexia' or 'pro-ana' movement. These clubs and groups are often given pet names, such as Ana or Anna (anorexia) and Billy or Mia
Websites promoting anorexia, created by anorexics themselves, are of growing concern. The Eating Disorders Association estimates there are an estimated ten million women and one million men suffering from anorexia, bulimia, and compulsive eating in the US alone. Pro-Anna sites are helping to give incentive to sufferers to throw up their last meal and to reinforce their 500-calorie-a-day diet. These so-called clubs may not cause anorexia but they encourage members to lose weight and avoid recovery