Ecstasy MDMA, or Ecstasy, was first made in a lab in Germany in 1912. The German pharmaceutical company E. Merck patented it in 1914, not as a medicine, but as a chemical for making more useful drugs later on. MDMA was forgotten until 1953, when the United States Army funded a secret University of Michigan study to develop chemical weapons. After learning that MDMA was non-toxic, the government put it back on the shelf. Rumor says that the drug was tested for mind control purposes, or as a “truth drug”, but there is not actual evidence of that. In 1978, Alexander Shulgin wrote a book detailing the MDMA experience called Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved: A Chemical Love Story. Many psychiatrists took Shulgin's findings seriously enough to combine MDMA with sessions with their patients' normal therapy. In the early '80s, MDMA made its way from the doctor's office to the dance floor from a Texas entrepreneur who synthesized the drug in a lab. He re-named it "Ecstasy" and sold it for $20 a hit—legally—in Dallas-Fort Worth clubs. But, the Drug Enforcement Agency worked quickly to outlaw MDMA, and Ecstasy officially became an illegal drug in 1985. What Ecstasy does is simple. It combines two opposite effects, stimulation and relaxation, but in also provides a small quality of empathy. Psychotherapist RD Laing took MDMA in Esalen, California, in 1984 when it was still legal. He said, "It made me feel how all of us would like to feel we are anyway . . . smooth and open hearted, not soggy, sentimental or stupid.” Another psychologist described it as providing a "brief, fleeting moment of sanity". Most people describe the feeling like being in love. The most common feelings experienced are empathy, openness, peace and caring. However, there have been cases in which the user has a decrease in defensiveness, fear or paranoia, sense of separation from others, aggression, and obsessive behavior. Side effects of Ecstasy can range from mildly uncomfortable to life threatening physical and emotional reactions. Your temperature goes up when you take Ecstasy, like a fever. Dancing in a hot warehouse doesn't help your body cool off, so it's no surprise that one of the most common Ecstasy-related injuries is heatstroke. Along with high body temperature, you sweat and urinate a lot if you take Ecstasy.
MDMA, also known as Ecstasy, beans, rolls, or just plain X. This drug has a long history, which began almost 90 years ago. In 1912 Merck, a German pharmaceutical company, first synthesized MDMA (Erowid). MDMA was then patented in 1913 or maybe 1914 (patent #274.350) by the same German company supposedly to be sold as a diet pill (The Invention). The patent has no mention of any intended uses of the drug. There are other urban legends associated with Ecstasy, such as in 1953 the US Army tested MDMA as a possible truth serum, but there is no evidence for this (Saunders).
Steve Jobs is an American business man who had a passion for perfection. He also was not afraid to fail, but every time he failed he would improve on the product that he was planning on making. In the book that Walter Isaacson wrote about Steve Jobs mostly explains what he went through to make the products that we know of today (Isaanson, 2011). He had a really good passion for great excellence, and insisted on elegant design and simplicity. All in all he is a very successful business leader in our society today.
In a world where mental illnesses like PTSD, depression, and autism are becoming more and more prevalent, MDMA, or “Ecstasy” is just the mental boost that someone needs and is illegally being dealt to patients while in therapy or counseling. The theory is that MDMA can raise “happiness levels” by forcing the brain to release serotonin and dopamine at the same time, resulting in intense euphoria and “ego softening” (Errowid). Some other side effects of MDMA can include feelings of inner peace, increase in social bonding, and an increase in ability to communicate. Some of the less positive side effects can be eye wiggling, increased heart rate, and dehydration. All of which, are quite manageable and not too noticeable. Sufferers of social anxiety and depression could greatly benefit from MDMA, as it can break down inner boundaries and increase the need to be around other people. A grou...
Methamphetamine created in 1919 in Japan. It went into wide use for both sides during World War II and it was especially used by Japanese pilots before their flights. Once the war was over, leftover storage of Methamphetamine went public resulting in extremely high amounts of abuse with this drug. During the 1950’s this drug was used as a diet aid and was also used in the thought that it helped to fight depression. It was also over used by college students, truck drivers, and athletes because of its easy availability. This pattern increased remarkably in the 1960’s when this drug became more available in an injectable form. The United States Government in the 1970’s made Meth, for most uses, illegal which then resulted in Mexican drug trafficking organizations to set up large labs in California. Today most of this drug that is available comes from Thailand, Myanmar, and China. (History of Methamphetam...
Before ecstasy was called MDMA, it was known as MDA. MDA was first made in Germany in 1898, and was used as an appetite suppressant. It was also tested in 1941 as a relief for Parkinson's disease, but it was dropped because one trial subject felt rigidity of the muscles. It was also dropped as an appetite suppressant at about the same time because some "strange side effects were noted". (lec.org/DrugSearch/Documents/Ecstasy.html p.1) It isn't clear what those effects were. MDMA, also known as Ecstasy, was synthesized in 1914, and was patented by the German company Merck. MDMA gained popularity in 1972 as a legal alternative to MDA. MDMA was used in marriage counseling as a way of reducing hostility during the counseling session.
Ecstasy is chemically known as MDMA or Methyline Dioxymethamphetamine (WWW1). Similar to other amphetamine derivatives, Ecstasy is a stimulant to the central nervous system. Ecstasy was first synthesized in 1914 in Germany and was distributed as an alternative to the appetite suppressant, MDA (WWW2). As people became more knowledgeable about the euphoric effects of this drug, the demand for it became larger and larger. In the 1960's, Ecstasy was characterized as the "love drug". It was also used by psychologists and therapists to reduce hostility in marriage counseling sessions! At first, no noticeable harmful side effects could be detected from taking Ecstasy, and thus, it was a legal street drug. But after much research and experimentation, this pill was classified by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) as a Schedule I drug in 1985. Drugs in this category serve no medical purposes and have a high potential for abuse (WWW3). Even though it is deemed illegal, there are still many Ecstasy users in the United States and Britain. And because of the lack of enforcement on the purchase and consumption of Ecstasy, people can easily get their hands on these pills.
Steve Jobs was a big troublemaker in his early years and was very intuitive. First, Steve was born in San Francisco, California on February 24, 1955. Next, he was adopted by Clara and Paul Jobs when he was a baby. After that, he grew up in Mountain View, California in South San Francisco. Finally, Steve Jobs had an adopted
A) He gives some of the street names for ecstasy and he calls it the club drug mostly because it is used at raves and such parties. Also goes on to call it the “safe drug”. Then even more he gets an in depth look of how the drugs looks and that it comes in a capsule about the size of an aspirin in po...
It was initially intended to be used as a blood clotting agent and its psychoactive properties were disregarded until years later in 1965 when psycho-pharmacologist Alexander Shulgin began synthesizing the substance. He tested MDMA on himself and was interested in the drug because of its effects, particularly on inhibition. Shulgin gives a preview of the substance’s therapeutic value when he reported that he “experienced the feeling one has after the second martini. That one is discoursing brilliantly and with particularly acute analytical powers.” The analytical powers that Shulgin mentioned will be assessed further into this chapter when MDMA’s neural mechanism is explained in greater
...imates, it was found that a single dose of MDMA (the chemical name of ecstasy) only slightly larger than the size of doses taken by humans, significantly damaged brain cells called neurons that produce serotonin. Serotonin is a major neurotransmitter (or chemical messenger) in the brain that is thought to influence mood, appetite, sleep and other important functions. It was found that 12 - 18 months after the brains of squirrel monkeys had been damaged by MDMA, serotonin-producing nerve fibres had regrown abnormally in some brain regions and failed to regrow at all in others. The question remains whether the neuronal changes seen in animals from MDMA exposure occur in human beings who use the drug.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average American family spends $1,700 on clothes annually and “the average woman in England has 22 unworn items in her closet.”(Johnson) People buy a surplus of clothing, meaning factories make excess textile waste. While there have been many debates whether the clothing industry is the second most polluting industry of the world, second only to oil, there’s no doubt that the fashion industry has made an impact on the world, but not in a good
Steve Jobs (CEO and chairman of Apple Inc.) was an American entrepreneur and inventor. He was born in February 24, 1955 and founded Apple Inc. with his high school buddy Steve Wozniak in 1976. But later in 1976, when Apple was about to bankrupt he returned to it as advisor and Interim CEO. He made Apple profitable from near bankruptcy by 1998 (Walter Isaacson, 2013). From (1996-2011), he proved himself as one of the best engineering leaders of the world and made Apple the most innovative company of the world.
Similarly, athletes welcomed the drugs as performance- enhancing panaceas in postwar years. Around 1950, family doctors embraced amphetamines as psychiatric medications for their distressed patients, cemeting the notion that depression was both commonplace and easily treatable. Moreover, amphetamines were hailed as breakthrough in weight loss and enjoyed enormous success as diet pills, helping to transform obesity into the mencing through preventible and treatable epidemic that medicine views it as today (Rasmussen 3). Today, the use of amphetamines for medical assistance is very common, and as I mentioned before, it aids in many disorders, however, some people don’t neccesarily need the drug for medical purposes. People may simply take it instead as a method of getting high, this would now be considered illegal amphetamines which are not prescribed for medical treatment rather sold in labs for pleasure. People who purchase illegal amphetamines feel the need to use them in order to feel relaxed or to forget about their problems for a while and just be happy. Users experience the “thrill” of a rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, blood vessel constriction and sweating. The illegal amphetamines, molly, for example makes the user feel as if they can be open, accepting, unafraid and connected to the people around them. The drug effects are stimulated by visuals, sounds, smells, and touch which bring pleasure to the consumer, and is the reason so many people are attracted to the drug (drugpolicy.org). Feelings of relaxation and clarity are reported. People using molly experience heightened sensations and want to intensify these feelings by dancing, talking and touching. Whether they are used legally or illegally they have some negative side effects, both long term or short
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine is a drug that gives its user an intense feeling of euphoria. Ecstasy has many different forms and variations, including the most well-known names, MDMA and Molly. Typically, a person administers ecstasy to their body through the mouth but there are other ways that users take in the drug, such as through the nose, for example (NIDA, 2016). In the most recent few decades, mainly since the 1980’s, the popularity of ecstasy has exploded among young people, particularly those involved with illegal night raves and a lifestyle of hard partying. Though, just like with any drug, there are exceptions to this generalization. While ecstasy certainly has its dominant group of users in partying youths, it is still used
This article is about the overall impacts of fast fashion. The particular section referenced discusses possible solutions and alternatives to fast fashion. It talks about how it is possible to produce environmentally friendly clothing through the use of organic cotton, bamboo, hemp, and other fiber crops that require less pesticides, water, and other inputs. It goes on to share how certain brands are beginning to implement the model of sustainable clothing. The point of this article is to introduce readers to the topic of fast fashion, give background, and show readers what they